World · permanent entity record · AG

Algeria

Thirty-second orientation

Algeria at a glance

Capital: Algiers; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Population: 47,435,312; World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025
Area: 2,381,740 sq km; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Nationality / demonym: noun: Algerian(s); adjective: Algerian; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Government: presidential republic; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Languages: Arabic (official), French (lingua franca), Tamazight (official) (dialects include Kabyle (Taqbaylit), Shawiya (Tacawit), Mzab, Tuareg (Tamahaq)); CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04

Independently structured milestones · not a complete national history

Algeria through time

1962-10-08
Admitted to the United Nations
Algeria became a member of the United Nations.
United Nations, Member States · source checked 2026-09-04

Source history · changed fields only

Changes since the final CIA profile

Field	Maintained Almanac value	Final CIA profile
Population	47,435,312World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025	total: 47,735,685 (2025 est.) male: 24,219,668 female: 23,516,017CIA World Factbook · as of 2026-01-20

A difference may reflect a newer observation, a revised estimate, or a different source definition. This table reports the values and dates; it does not manufacture a trend.

World Development Indicators · latest available observation

People, economy, and access

Observation years vary by measure. Each row identifies the series and year instead of presenting unlike dates as one current snapshot.

Gross domestic product: $287.0 billion; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Gross domestic product per person: $6,051; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Life expectancy at birth: 76.5 years; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Urban population: 75.8%; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Access to electricity: 100.0%; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS. Underlying providers: World Bank ESMAP, Tracking SDG 7. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
People using the internet: 77.4%; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS. Underlying providers: International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved 2026-09-08.

World Development Indicators data are provided under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). The linked indicator metadata identifies the underlying statistical providers.

Maintained profile

Capital: Algiers; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04The nation set and displayed federal short name follow the current State Department independent-states register, dated August 11, 2026.
Area: 2,381,740 sq km; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04Final CIA source data preserved by a community mirror after the Factbook was retired; the mirror is not the issuing authority.
Population: 47,435,312; World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.POP.TOTL. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Currency: Algerian dinars (DZD); CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04Currency label extracted from the Factbook exchange-rate field.
Languages: Arabic (official), French (lingua franca), Tamazight (official) (dialects include Kabyle (Taqbaylit), Shawiya (Tacawit), Mzab, Tuareg (Tamahaq)); CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04Factbook language listing reproduced without inferring official status beyond the source wording.
Nationality / demonym: noun: Algerian(s); adjective: Algerian; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04The source’s noun and adjective forms are retained. These are language labels, not evidence of any individual person’s citizenship.
Government: presidential republic; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
UN membership: 1962-10-08; United Nations, Member States · as of 2026-09-04
Continent: Africa; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Continental label standardized from the archived profile region “Africa.”
Coastline: 998 km; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Climate: arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Religions: Muslim (official; predominantly Sunni) 99%, other (includes Christian, Jewish, Ahmadi Muslim, Shia Muslim, Ibadi Muslim) <1% (2012 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Flag colors: green, white, red; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Colors extracted from the flag description in the preserved final CIA profile.
National symbol: five-pointed star between the extended horns of a crescent moon; fennec fox; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Highest point: Tahat · 9,541 ft (2,908 m); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Lowest point: Chott Melrhir · -131 ft (-40 m); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
NATO membership: Not a member; NATO, What is NATO? · as of 2026-09-06Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.
BRICS membership: Not a member; BRICS Brazil, About the BRICS · as of 2026-09-06Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.

Preserved public-domain record · not maintained current data

Final CIA World Factbook profile

This is the preserved historical baseline from the Factbook’s final public snapshot. It is presented as the CIA stated it, not as a current Standard American Almanac finding. Current, independently maintained facts appear above when available.

CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · profile updated 2026-01-20 · pinned source record · commit d81154954b8b

Introduction1 fields

Background: Algeria has known many empires and dynasties, including the ancient Numidians (3rd century B.C.), Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, over a dozen different Arab and Amazigh dynasties, Spaniards, and Ottoman Turks. Under the Turks, the Barbary pirates operated from North Africa and preyed on shipping, from about 1500 until the French captured Algiers in 1830. The French southward conquest of Algeria proceeded throughout the 19th century and was marked by many atrocities. A bloody eight-year struggle culminated in Algerian independence in 1962. Algeria's long-dominant political party, the National Liberation Front (FLN), was established in 1954 as part of the struggle for independence and has since played a large role in politics, though it is falling out of favor with the youth and current President Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE. The Government of Algeria in 1988 instituted a multi-party system in response to public unrest, but the surprising first-round success of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) in the 1991 legislative election led the Algerian military to intervene and postpone the second round of elections to prevent what the secular elite feared would be an extremist-led government from assuming power. An army crackdown on the FIS escalated into an FIS insurgency and intense violence from 1992-98 that resulted in over 100,000 deaths, many of which were attributed to extremist groups massacring villagers. The government gained the upper hand by the late 1990s, and FIS’s armed wing, the Islamic Salvation Army, disbanded in 2000. FIS membership is now illegal. In 1999, Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA won the presidency with the backing of the military, in an election that was boycotted by several candidates protesting alleged fraud. He won subsequent elections in 2004, 2009, and 2014. Widespread protests against his decision to seek a fifth term broke out in early 2019. BOUTEFLIKA resigned in April 2019, and in December 2019, Algerians elected former Prime Minister Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE as the country’s new president. A longtime FLN member, TEBBOUNE ran for president as an independent. In 2020, Algeria held a constitutional referendum on governmental reforms, which TEBBOUNE enacted in 2021. Subsequent reforms to the national electoral law introduced open-list voting to curb corruption. The new law also eliminated gender quotas in Parliament, and the 2021 legislative elections saw female representation plummet. The referendum, parliamentary elections, and local elections saw record-low voter turnout.; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Geography19 fields

Location: Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Geographic coordinates: 28 00 N, 3 00 E; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Map references: Africa; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Area: total : 2,381,740 sq km land: 2,381,740 sq km water: 0 sq km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Area - comparative: slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Land boundaries: total: 6,734 km border countries (6): Libya 989 km; Mali 1,359 km; Mauritania 460 km; Morocco 1,941 km; Niger 951 km; Tunisia 1,034 km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Coastline: 998 km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive fishing zone: 32-52 nm; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Climate: arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Terrain: mostly high plateau and desert; Atlas Mountains in the far north and Hoggar Mountains in the south; narrow, discontinuous coastal plain; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Elevation: highest point: Tahat 2,908 m lowest point: Chott Melrhir -40 m mean elevation: 800 m; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Land use: agricultural land: 17.4% (2023 est.) arable land: 3.2% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0.4% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 13.8% (2023 est.) forest: 0.7% (2023 est.) other: 81.9% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Irrigated land: 13,819 sq km (2019); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Major watersheds (area sq km): Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km) Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: Lake Chad (2,497,738 sq km); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Major aquifers: Lullemeden-Irhazer Aquifer System, Murzuk-Djado Basin, North Western Sahara Aquifer, Taoudeni-Tanezrouft Basin; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Population distribution: the vast majority of the populace is found in the extreme northern part of the country along the Mediterranean Coast; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Natural hazards: mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides and floods in rainy season; droughts; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Geography - note: largest country in Africa but 80% desert; canyons and caves in the southern Hoggar Mountains and in the barren Tassili n'Ajjer area in the southeast of the country contain numerous examples of prehistoric art -- rock paintings and carvings depicting human activities and wild and domestic animals (elephants, giraffes, cattle) -- that date to the African Humid Period, roughly 5,000 to 11,000 years ago, when the region was completely vegetated; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

People and Society35 fields

Population: total: 47,735,685 (2025 est.) male: 24,219,668 female: 23,516,017; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Nationality: noun: Algerian(s) adjective: Algerian; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Ethnic groups: Arab-Amazigh 99%, European less than 1% note: although almost all Algerians are Amazigh in origin and not Arab, only a minority identify themselves as primarily Amazigh, about 15% of the total population; these people live mostly in the mountainous region of Kabylie east of Algiers and in several other communities; the Amazigh are also Muslim but identify with their Amazigh rather than Arab cultural heritage; some Amazigh have long agitated, sometimes violently, for autonomy; the government is unlikely to grant autonomy but has officially recognized Amazigh languages and introduced them into public schools; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Languages: Arabic (official), French (lingua franca), Tamazight (official) (dialects include Kabyle (Taqbaylit), Shawiya (Tacawit), Mzab, Tuareg (Tamahaq)) major-language sample(s): كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Religions: Muslim (official; predominantly Sunni) 99%, other (includes Christian, Jewish, Ahmadi Muslim, Shia Muslim, Ibadi Muslim) <1% (2012 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Age structure: 0-14 years: 30.8% (male 7,411,337/female 7,062,794) 15-64 years: 62.3% (male 14,846,102/female 14,441,034) 65 years and over: 6.9% (2024 est.) (male 1,597,382/female 1,663,824); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 60.5 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 48.9 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 11.5 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 8.7 (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Median age: total: 29.3 years (2025 est.) male: 28.8 years female: 29.4 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Population growth rate: 1.47% (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Birth rate: 19.62 births/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Death rate: 4.39 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Net migration rate: -0.52 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Population distribution: the vast majority of the populace is found in the extreme northern part of the country along the Mediterranean Coast; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Urbanization: urban population: 75.3% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Major urban areas - population: 2.902 million ALGIERS (capital), 936,000 Oran (2022); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.96 male(s)/female total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Maternal mortality ratio: 62 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Infant mortality rate: total: 18.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 19.8 deaths/1,000 live births female: 17.5 deaths/1,000 live births; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 77.9 years (2024 est.) male: 77.2 years female: 78.7 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Total fertility rate: 2.91 children born/woman (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Gross reproduction rate: 1.42 (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Drinking water source: urban: 96.1% of population (2022 est.) rural: 90.4% of population (2022 est.) total: 94.7% of population (2022 est.) urban: 3.9% of population (2022 est.) rural: 9.6% of population (2022 est.) total: 5.3% of population (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Health expenditure: 5.5% of GDP (2021) 5.4% of national budget (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Physician density: 1.66 physicians/1,000 population (2022); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Hospital bed density: 1.6 beds/1,000 population (2017 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Sanitation facility access: urban: 98.3% of population (2022 est.) rural: 91.7% of population (2022 est.) total: 96.6% of population (2022 est.) urban: 1.7% of population (2022 est.) rural: 8.3% of population (2022 est.) total: 3.4% of population (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Obesity - adult prevalence rate: 27.4% (2016); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Alcohol consumption per capita: total: 0.59 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 0.31 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 0.2 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 0.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Tobacco use: total: 21.4% (2025 est.) male: 41.6% (2025 est.) female: 0.6% (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 2.7% (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Currently married women (ages 15-49): 55.5% (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Child marriage: women married by age 15: 0% (2019) women married by age 18: 3.8% (2019); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Education expenditure: 5.6% of GDP (2023 est.) 15.5% national budget (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Literacy: female: 74.2% (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 15 years (2023 est.) male: 15 years (2023 est.) female: 16 years (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Environment11 fields

Environmental issues: air pollution in major cities; soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices; desertification; river and coastal pollution from dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents; pollution in Mediterranean Sea from oil wastes, soil erosion, and fertilizer runoff; inadequate potable water; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
International environmental agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Climate: arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Land use: agricultural land: 17.4% (2023 est.) arable land: 3.2% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0.4% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 13.8% (2023 est.) forest: 0.7% (2023 est.) other: 81.9% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Urbanization: urban population: 75.3% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Carbon dioxide emissions: 163.661 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 741,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 57.795 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 105.125 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Particulate matter emissions: 22.4 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Methane emissions: energy: 2,561.1 kt (2022-2024 est.) agriculture: 256 kt (2019-2021 est.) waste: 486.4 kt (2019-2021 est.) other: 7.6 kt (2019-2021 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually: 12.379 million tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 11% (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Total water withdrawal: municipal: 3.389 billion cubic meters (2022) industrial: 181 million cubic meters (2022) agricultural: 7.391 billion cubic meters (2022); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Total renewable water resources: 11.667 billion cubic meters (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Government25 fields

Country name: conventional long form: People's Democratic Republic of Algeria conventional short form: Algeria local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Sha'biyah local short form: Al Jaza'ir etymology: the country name derives from the capital city of Algiers; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Government type: presidential republic; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Capital: name: Algiers geographic coordinates: 36 45 N, 3 03 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: name derives from the Arabic al-jazair, meaning "the islands," and refers to the four islands formerly off the coast of the capital but joined to the mainland since 1525; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Administrative divisions: 58 provinces (wilayas, singular - wilaya); Adrar, Ain Defla, Ain Temouchent, Alger (Algiers), Annaba, Batna, Bechar, Bejaia, Beni Abbes, Biskra, Blida, Bordj Badji Mokhtar, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Bouira, Boumerdes, Chlef, Constantine, Djanet, Djelfa, El Bayadh, El Meghaier, El Meniaa, El Oued, El Tarf, Ghardaia, Guelma, Illizi, In Guezzam, In Salah, Jijel, Khenchela, Laghouat, Mascara, Medea, Mila, Mostaganem, M'Sila, Naama, Oran, Ouargla, Ouled Djellal, Oum el Bouaghi, Relizane, Saida, Setif, Sidi Bel Abbes, Skikda, Souk Ahras, Tamanrasset, Tebessa, Tiaret, Timimoun, Tindouf, Tipaza, Tissemsilt, Tizi Ouzou, Tlemcen, Touggourt; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Legal system: mixed system of French civil law and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials including several Supreme Court justices; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Constitution: history: several previous; latest approved by referendum 1 November 2020 amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or through the president with the support of three fourths of the members of both houses of Parliament in joint session; passage requires approval by both houses, approval by referendum, and promulgation by the president; the president can forego a referendum if the Constitutional Council determines the proposed amendment does not conflict with basic constitutional principles; articles including the republican form of government, the integrity and unity of the country, and fundamental citizens’ liberties and rights cannot be amended; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Citizenship: citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: the mother must be a citizen of Algeria dual citizenship recognized: no residency requirement for naturalization: 7 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Executive branch: chief of state: President Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE (since 12 December 2019) head of government: Prime Minister Sifi GHRIEB (since 28 August 2025) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in two rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister nominated by the president after consultation with the majority party in Parliament most recent election date: 7 September 2024 election results: 2024: Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE (NLF) 94.7%, Abdelaali Hassani CHERIF (MSP) 3.2%, Youcef AOUCHICHE (FFS) 2.2% 2019: (FLN) 58.1%, Abdelkader BENGRINA (El-Bina) 17.4%, Ali BENFLIS (Talaie El Hurriyet) 10.6%, Azzedine MIHOUBI (RND) 7.3%, Abdelaziz BELAID (Future Front) 6.7% expected date of next election: 2029; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Legislative branch: legislature name: Parliament (Barlaman) legislative structure: bicameral; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Legislative branch - lower chamber: chamber name: National People's Assembly (Al-Majlis Al-Chaabi Al-Watani) number of seats: 407 (all directly elected) electoral system: proportional representation scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 5 years most recent election date: 6/12/2021 parties elected and seats per party: National Liberation Front (FLN) (98); Movement of Society for Peace (MSP) (65); National Democratic Rally (RND) (58); El-Moustakbel Front (Future", FM) (48); El Binaa Movement (39); Independents (84); Other (15) percentage of women in chamber: 7.9% expected date of next election: June 2026; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Legislative branch - upper chamber: chamber name: Council of the Nation (Majlis al-Oumma) number of seats: 174 (116 indirectly elected; 58 appointed) electoral system: plurality/majority scope of elections: partial renewal term in office: 6 years most recent election date: 3/9/2025 percentage of women in chamber: 2.5% expected date of next election: January 2028; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Judicial branch: highest court(s): Supreme Court or Le Cour Suprême, (consists of 150 judges organized into 8 chambers: Civil, Commercial and Maritime, Criminal, House of Offenses and Contraventions, House of Petitions, Land, Personal Status, and Social; Constitutional Council (consists of 12 members including the court chairman and deputy chairman) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the High Council of Magistracy, an administrative body presided over by the president of the republic, and includes the republic vice-president and several members; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Council members - 4 appointed by the president of the republic, 2 each by the 2 houses of Parliament, 2 by the Supreme Court, and 2 by the Council of State; Council president and members appointed for single 6-year terms with half the membership renewed every 3 years subordinate courts: appellate or wilaya courts; first instance or daira tribunals note: Algeria's judicial system does not include sharia courts; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Political parties: Algerian National Front or FNA Algerian Popular Movement or MPA Algeria's Hope Rally or TAJ Dignity or El Karama El-Infitah El Mostakbal (Future Front) Ennour El Djazairi Party (Algerian Radiance Party) or PED Equity and Proclamation Party or PEP Islamic Renaissance Movement or Ennahda Movement Justice and Development Front or FJD Movement for National Reform or El Islah Movement of Society for Peace or MSP National Construction Movement or El-Bina (Harakat El-Binaa El-Watani) National Democratic Rally (Rassemblement National Democratique) or RND National Front for Social Justice or FNJS National Liberation Front or FLN National Militancy Front or FMN National Party for Solidarity and Development or PNSD National Republican Alliance or ANR New Dawn Party (El-Fajr El-Jadid) New Generation (Jil Jadid) Oath of 1954 or Ahd 54 Party of Justice and Liberty or PLJ Rally for Culture and Democracy or RCD Socialist Forces Front or FFS Union for Change and Progress or UCP Union of Democratic and Social Forces or UFDS Vanguard of Liberties (Talaie El Hurriyet) Workers Party or PT Youth Party or PJ note: a law banning political parties based on religion was enacted in 1997; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Sabri BOUKADOUM (since 27 February 2024) chancery: 2118 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 265-2800 FAX: [1] (202) 986-5906 email address and website: mail@algerianembassy.org https://www.algerianembassy.org/ consulate(s) general: New York; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Elizabeth Moore AUBIN (since 9 February 2022) embassy: 05 Chemin Cheikh Bachir, Ibrahimi, El-Biar 16030, Alger mailing address: 6030 Algiers Place, Washington DC 20521-6030 telephone: [213] (0) 770-08-2000 FAX: [213] (0) 770-08-2299 email address and website: algierspd@state.gov https://dz.usembassy.gov/; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
International organization participation: ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BIS, CAEU, CD, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Independence: 5 July 1962 (from France); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National holiday: Independence Day, 5 July (1962); Revolution Day, 1 November (1954); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Flag: description: two equal vertical bands of green (left) and white; a red, five-pointed star inside a red crescent, centered over the two-color boundary meaning: the colors represent Islam (green), purity and peace (white), and liberty (red); the crescent and star are also Islamic symbols, but the crescent is more closed than those of other Muslim countries because Algerians believe the long crescent horns bring happiness; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National symbol(s): five-pointed star between the extended horns of a crescent moon; fennec fox; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National color(s): green, white, red; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National anthem(s): title: "Kassaman" (We Pledge) lyrics/music: Mufdi ZAKARIAH/Mohamed FAWZI history: adopted 1962; ZAKARIAH wrote "Kassaman" as a poem while imprisoned in Algiers by French colonial forces; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National heritage: total World Heritage Sites: 7 (6 cultural, 1 mixed) selected World Heritage Site locales: Beni Hammad Fort (c); Djémila (c); Casbah of Algiers (c); M'zab Valley (c); Tassili n'Ajjer (m); Timgad (c); Tipasa (c); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Economy28 fields

Economic overview: suffering oil and gas economy; lack of sector and market diversification; political instability chilling domestic consumption; poor credit access and declines in business confidence; COVID-19 austerity policies; delayed promised socio-economic reforms; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $722.912 billion (2024 est.) $699.818 billion (2023 est.) $672.256 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Real GDP growth rate: 3.3% (2024 est.) 4.1% (2023 est.) 3.6% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Real GDP per capita: $15,400 (2024 est.) $15,200 (2023 est.) $14,800 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
GDP (official exchange rate): $263.62 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4% (2024 est.) 9.3% (2023 est.) 9.3% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 13.1% (2023 est.) industry: 37.8% (2023 est.) services: 45.6% (2023 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 40.8% (2023 est.) government consumption: 17.9% (2023 est.) investment in fixed capital: 32.8% (2023 est.) investment in inventories: 4.9% (2023 est.) exports of goods and services: 23.6% (2023 est.) imports of goods and services: -20.1% (2023 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Agricultural products: potatoes, watermelons, wheat, milk, onions, tomatoes, vegetables, oranges, dates, barley (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Industries: petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Industrial production growth rate: 3.9% (2023 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Labor force: 13.294 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Unemployment rate: 11.5% (2024 est.) 11.8% (2023 est.) 12.4% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total: 29.8% (2024 est.) male: 26.8% (2024 est.) female: 45.8% (2024 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Average household expenditures: on food: 37.2% of household expenditures (2023 est.) on alcohol and tobacco: 1% of household expenditures (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Remittances: 0.8% of GDP (2023 est.) 0.8% of GDP (2022 est.) 1% of GDP (2021 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Budget: revenues: $55.185 billion (2019 est.) expenditures: $64.728 billion (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Public debt: 27.5% of GDP (2017 est.) note: data cover central government debt as well as debt issued by subnational entities and intra-governmental debt; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Current account balance: $6.359 billion (2023 est.) $19.433 billion (2022 est.) -$4.513 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Exports: $59.426 billion (2023 est.) $69.226 billion (2022 est.) $41.846 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Exports - partners: Italy 29%, France 14%, Spain 13%, USA 6%, Netherlands 4% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Exports - commodities: natural gas, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, fertilizers, iron bars (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Imports: $51.131 billion (2023 est.) $46.613 billion (2022 est.) $44.287 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Imports - partners: China 24%, France 12%, Italy 8%, Turkey 7%, Brazil 6% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Imports - commodities: wheat, plastics, cars, milk, corn (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $83.007 billion (2024 est.) $81.217 billion (2023 est.) $71.852 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Debt - external: $4.764 billion (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Exchange rates: Algerian dinars (DZD) per US dollar - 134.053 (2024 est.) 135.843 (2023 est.) 141.995 (2022 est.) 135.064 (2021 est.) 126.777 (2020 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Energy7 fields

Electricity access: electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.) electrification - urban areas: 100% electrification - rural areas: 99.3%; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Electricity: installed generating capacity: 22.591 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 85.687 billion kWh (2023 est.) exports: 2.753 billion kWh (2023 est.) imports: 475.8 million kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 9.237 billion kWh (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels: 98.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Coal: consumption: 3,000 metric tons (2023 est.) imports: 241,000 metric tons (2023 est.) proven reserves: 223 million metric tons (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Petroleum: total petroleum production: 1.443 million bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 446,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 12.2 billion barrels (2021 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Natural gas: production: 104.896 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 52.831 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) exports: 51.566 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 4.504 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Energy consumption per capita: 61.843 million Btu/person (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Communications6 fields

Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 6.93 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 15 (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 54.1 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 115 (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Broadcast media: Radio Algérienne is the state-run radio broadcast; the National Company of Television (Entreprise Nationale de Télévision (ENTV)) is the primary state-run public TV station (2024); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Internet country code: .dz; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Internet users: percent of population: 77% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total: 5.54 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 12 (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Transportation6 fields

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: 7T; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Airports: 95 (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Heliports: 11 (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Railways: total: 4,020 km (2019); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Merchant marine: total: 119 (2022) by type: bulk carrier 1, container ship 4, general cargo 11, oil tanker 14, other 89; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Ports: total ports: 17 (2024) large: 2 medium: 1 small: 6 very small: 8 ports with oil terminals: 3 key ports: Alger, Annaba, Arzew, Arzew El Djedid, Bejaia, Mers El Kebir, Oran, Port Methanier, Skikda; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Military and Security6 fields

Military and security forces: Algerian People's National Army (ANP): Land Forces, Naval Forces (includes Coast Guard), Air Forces, Territorial Air Defense Forces, Republican Guard, National Gendarmerie Ministry of Interior: General Directorate of National Security (national police) (2025) note: the Republican Guard is subordinate to the ANP, but responsible to the President; the National Gendarmerie performs police functions outside urban areas under the auspices of the Ministry of National Defense and shares responsibility with the General Directorate of National Security for maintaining law and order; it is comprised of territorial, intervention/mobile, border guard, railway, riot control, and air support units; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military expenditures: 8% of GDP (2024 est.) 8% of GDP (2023 est.) 4.8% of GDP (2022 est.) 5.6% of GDP (2021 est.) 6.7% of GDP (2020 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military and security service personnel strengths: information varies; estimated 200,000 active ANP, including the National Gendarmerie (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: the Algerian military has traditionally been armed mostly with Russian and Soviet-era weapons systems and equipment; over the past decade, it has made investments in acquiring more modern armored vehicles, air defense systems, fighter aircraft, missiles, unmanned aerial vehicles, and warships, largely from Russia, its traditional supplier, but also China and Western European suppliers such as Germany (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military service age and obligation: 18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; 19 years of age for mandatory national service for men (all Algerian men must register at age 17); 12 months national service obligation (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military - note: the ANP is responsible for external defense but also has some internal security responsibilities; key areas of concern include border and maritime security, terrorism, regional instability, and tensions with Morocco; Algeria supports the pro-independence Polisario Front in Western Sahara and accuses Morocco of supporting the Algerian separatist Movement for the Autonomy of Kabylie (MAK); border security and counterterrorism have received additional focus since the Arab Spring events of 2011 and the rise of terrorist threats emanating from Libya and the Sahel; the Army and Ministry of Defense (MND) paramilitary forces of the Gendarmerie and the border guards have beefed up their presence along the frontiers with Tunisia, Libya, Niger, and Mali to interdict and deter cross-border attacks by Islamist militant groups; the ANP and MND paramilitary forces have also increased counterterrorism cooperation with some neighboring countries, particularly Tunisia, including joint operations the ANP has also played a large role in the country’s politics since independence in 1962, including coups in 1965 and 1991; it was a key backer of BOUTEFLIKA’s election in 1999 and remained a center of power during his 20-year rule; the military was instrumental in BOUTEFLIKA’s resignation in 2019, when it withdrew support and called for him to be removed from office (2024); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Space4 fields

Space agency/agencies: Algerian Space Agency (Agence Spatiale Algérienne, ASAL; established 2002) (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Space launch site(s): none; note - in 1947, Algeria began hosting a French military rocket test site known as the Centre Interarmées d’Essais d’Engins Spéciaux (CIEES or Interarmy Special Vehicles Test Center); it was the continent of Africa's first rocket launch site and was in service until 1967; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Space program overview: has a national space policy and space research program with stated goals of supporting internal development, managing resources, mastering space technology, and reinforcing national sovereignty; builds and operates communications and remote sensing (RS) satellites; researching and developing a range of space-related capabilities, including satellites and satellite payloads, communications, RS, instrumentation, image processing, and geo-spatial information; works with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including Argentina, China, France, Germany, India, Russia, Slovenia, Ukraine, the UK, and other African countries; member of the African Space Agency and the Arab Space Coordination Group (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Key space-program milestones: 2002 - first remote sensing (RS) satellite (Alsat-1A) built jointly with the UK and launched by Russia 2006 - announced a national space program 2010 and 2016 - first Algerian-designed and -built RS satellites (Alsat-2A and 2B) launched by India 2017 - first communications satellite (Alcomsat-1) built jointly with and launched by China; announced a 2040 national space plan 2026 - RS satellite (AlSat-3A) launched by China; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Terrorism1 fields

Terrorist group(s): al-Qa'ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM); Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) – Algeria; al-Mulathamun Battalion (al-Mourabitoun) note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Transnational Issues2 fields

Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees: 188,206 (2024 est.) IDPs: 25 (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Trafficking in persons: tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List — Algeria did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period, therefore Algeria remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the second consecutive year; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/algeria/; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

The underlying United States government material is public domain. The Almanac’s reuse terms do not change the legal status of this preserved source layer.

Algeria at a glance

Algeria through time

Admitted to the United Nations

Changes since the final CIA profile

People, economy, and access

Maintained profile