World · permanent entity record · AS

American Samoa

Thirty-second orientation

American Samoa at a glance

Capital: name: Pago Pago geographic coordinates: 14 16 S, 170 42 W time difference: UTC-11 (6 hours behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time) note: pronounced PAHN-go PAHN-go; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20
Population: total: 43,268 (2025 est.) male: 21,478 female: 21,790; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20
Area: total : 224 sq km land: 224 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Rose Atoll and Swains Island; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20
Nationality / demonym: noun: American Samoan(s) (US nationals) adjective: American Samoan; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20
Government: unincorporated, unorganized Territory of the US with local self-government; republican form of territorial government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20
Languages: Samoan 87.9% (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English 3.3%, Tongan 2.1%, other Pacific Islander 4.1%, Asian languages 2.1%, other 0.5% (2020 est.) note: most people are bilingual; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20

Claims are attributed · classifications are dated

Claims and contested status

Maintained classification

Dependency or area of special sovereignty

United States

U.S. Department of State, Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty · as of 2026-03-31

A claim’s appearance records that the cited source reports it. It does not constitute an Almanac ruling on sovereignty.

Maintained profile

Classification: Dependency or area of special sovereignty; U.S. Department of State, Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty · as of 2026-03-31Federal classification and wording follow the current State Department register.
Sovereignty or administration: United States; U.S. Department of State, Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty · as of 2026-03-31
Administrative center: Pago Pago; U.S. Department of State, Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty · as of 2026-03-31

Preserved public-domain record · not maintained current data

Final CIA World Factbook profile

This is the preserved historical baseline from the Factbook’s final public snapshot. It is presented as the CIA stated it, not as a current Standard American Almanac finding. Current, independently maintained facts appear above when available.

CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · profile updated 2026-01-20 · pinned source record · commit d81154954b8b

Introduction1 fields

Background: Tutuila -- the largest island in American Samoa -- was settled by 1000 B.C., and the island served as a refuge for exiled chiefs and defeated warriors from the other Samoan islands. The Manu’a Islands, which are also now part of American Samoa, developed a traditional chiefdom that maintained autonomy by controlling oceanic trade. In 1722, Dutch explorer Jacob ROGGEVEEN was the first European to sail through the Manu’a Islands, and he was followed by French explorer Louis Antoine DE BOUGAINVILLE in 1768. Whalers and missionaries arrived in American Samoa in the 1830s, but American and European traders tended to favor the port in Apia -- now in independent Samoa -- over the smaller and less-developed Pago Pago on Tutuila. In the mid-1800s, a dispute arose in Samoa over control of the Samoan archipelago, with different chiefs gaining support from Germany, the UK, and the US. In 1872, the high chief of Tutuila offered the US exclusive rights to Pago Pago in return for US protection, but the US rejected this offer. As fighting resumed, the US agreed to the chief’s request in 1878 and set up a coaling station at Pago Pago. In 1899, with continued disputes over succession, Germany and the US agreed to divide the Samoan islands, while the UK withdrew its claims in exchange for parts of the Solomon Islands. Local chiefs on Tutuila formally ceded their land to the US in 1900, followed by the chief of Manu’a in 1904. The territory was officially named “American Samoa” in 1911. The US administered the territory through the Department of the Navy. In 1949, there was an attempt to organize the territory, granting it formal self-government, but local chiefs helped defeat the measure in the US Congress. Administration was transferred to the Department of the Interior in 1951, and in 1967, American Samoa adopted a constitution that provides significant protections for traditional Samoan land-tenure rules, language, and culture. In 1977, after four attempts, voters approved a measure to directly elect their governor. Nevertheless, American Samoa officially remains an unorganized territory, and people born in American Samoa are US nationals rather than US citizens.; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Geography16 fields

Location: Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about halfway between Hawaii and New Zealand; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Geographic coordinates: 14 20 S, 170 00 W; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Map references: Oceania; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Area: total : 224 sq km land: 224 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Rose Atoll and Swains Island; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Area - comparative: slightly larger than Washington, D.C.; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Land boundaries: total: 0 km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Coastline: 116 km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Climate: tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October); little seasonal temperature variation; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Terrain: five volcanic islands with rugged peaks and limited coastal plains, two coral atolls (Rose Atoll, Swains Island); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Elevation: highest point: Lata Mountain 964 m lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Natural resources: pumice, pumicite; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Land use: agricultural land: 14.8% (2023 est.) arable land: 5.2% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 9.6% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 0% (2023 est.) forest: 79.2% (2023 est.) other: 6% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Irrigated land: 0 sq km (2022); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Natural hazards: cyclones common from December to March volcanism: limited volcanic activity on the Ofu and Olosega Islands; neither has erupted since the 19th century; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Geography - note: Pago Pago has one of the best natural deepwater harbors in the South Pacific Ocean, sheltered by shape from rough seas and protected by peripheral mountains from high winds; strategic location in the South Pacific Ocean; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

People and Society22 fields

Population: total: 43,268 (2025 est.) male: 21,478 female: 21,790; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Nationality: noun: American Samoan(s) (US nationals) adjective: American Samoan; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Ethnic groups: Pacific Islander 88.7% (includes Samoan 83.2%, Tongan 2.2%, other 3.3%), Asian 5.8% (includes Filipino 3.4%, other 2.4%), mixed 4.4%, other 1.1% (2020 est.) note: data represent population by ethnic origin or race; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Languages: Samoan 87.9% (closely related to Hawaiian and other Polynesian languages), English 3.3%, Tongan 2.1%, other Pacific Islander 4.1%, Asian languages 2.1%, other 0.5% (2020 est.) note: most people are bilingual; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Religions: Christian 98.3%, other <1%, unaffiliated <1% (2020 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Age structure: 0-14 years: 25.3% (male 5,738/female 5,387) 15-64 years: 66% (male 14,291/female 14,679) 65 years and over: 8.7% (2024 est.) (male 1,775/female 2,025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 51.3 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 37.5 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 13.8 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 7.2 (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Median age: total: 30.6 years (2025 est.) male: 29.4 years female: 30.6 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Population growth rate: -1.33% (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Birth rate: 15.3 births/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Death rate: 6.4 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Net migration rate: -22.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Urbanization: urban population: 87.2% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.26% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Major urban areas - population: 49,000 PAGO PAGO (capital) (2018); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Infant mortality rate: total: 9.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 11.7 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.6 deaths/1,000 live births; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 75.8 years (2024 est.) male: 73.4 years female: 78.5 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Total fertility rate: 1.99 children born/woman (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Gross reproduction rate: 0.96 (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Drinking water source: total: 99.8% of population total: 0.2% of population (2020 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Sanitation facility access: total: 98.5% of population (2022 est.) total: 1.5% of population (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Currently married women (ages 15-49): 47.4% (2020 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Environment6 fields

Environmental issues: limited supply of drinking water; pollution; waste disposal; coastal and stream alteration; soil erosion; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Climate: tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October); little seasonal temperature variation; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Land use: agricultural land: 14.8% (2023 est.) arable land: 5.2% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 9.6% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 0% (2023 est.) forest: 79.2% (2023 est.) other: 6% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Urbanization: urban population: 87.2% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.26% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Carbon dioxide emissions: 389,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 389,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually: 19,000 tons (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Government22 fields

Country name: conventional long form: American Samoa conventional short form: American Samoa former: Eastern Samoa abbreviation: AS etymology: the name's meaning is disputed; according to one theory, sa means "sacred" and moa means "center," so the name can mean "Holy Center"; alternatively, some assert that the name can mean "place of the sacred moa bird" of Polynesian mythology; however, the name may pre-date the Polynesian era (before 1000 B.C.), with sa'a meaning "tribe or people" and moa meaning "deep sea," or "people of the deep sea"; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Government type: unincorporated, unorganized Territory of the US with local self-government; republican form of territorial government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Dependency status: unincorporated, unorganized Territory of the US; administered by the Office of Insular Affairs, US Department of the Interior; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Capital: name: Pago Pago geographic coordinates: 14 16 S, 170 42 W time difference: UTC-11 (6 hours behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time) note: pronounced PAHN-go PAHN-go; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Administrative divisions: no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US government, but 3 districts and 2 islands* are considered second-order; Eastern, Manu'a, Rose Island*, Swains Island*, Western; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Legal system: mixed legal system of US common law and customary law; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Constitution: history: adopted 17 October 1960; revised 1 July 1967 amendment process: proposed by either house of the Legislative Assembly; passage requires three-fifths majority vote by the membership of each house, approval by simple majority vote in a referendum, approval by the US Secretary of the Interior, and only by an act of the US Congress; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Citizenship: see United States note: in accordance with US Code Title 8, Section 1408, persons born in American Samoa are US nationals but not US citizens; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Executive branch: chief of state: President Donald J. TRUMP (since 20 January 2025) head of government: Governor Nikolao PULA (since 3 January 2025) cabinet: Cabinet consists of 12 department directors appointed by the governor with the consent of the Legislature or Fono election/appointment process: president and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by an Electoral College of 'electors' chosen from each state to serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); under the US Constitution, residents of unincorporated territories such as American Samoa do not vote in elections for US president and vice president; however, they may vote in Democratic and Republican presidential primary elections; governor and lieutenant governor directly elected on the same ballot by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term) most recent election date: 19 November 2024 election results: Lemanu Peleti MAUGA elected governor in first round; percent of vote - Lemanu Peleti MAUGA (independent) 60.3%, Gaoteote Palaie TOFAU (independent) 21.9%, I'aulualo Fa'afetai TALIA (independent) 12.3% expected date of next election: November 2028; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Legislative branch: note: American Samoa elects 1 member by simple majority popular vote to serve a 2-year term as a delegate to the US House of Representatives; the delegate can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the Committee of the Whole House, but not when legislation is submitted for a “full floor” House vote; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Judicial branch: highest court(s): High Court of American Samoa (consists of the chief justice, associate chief justice, and 6 Samoan associate judges and organized into trial, family, drug, and appellate divisions) judge selection and term of office: chief justice and associate chief justice appointed by the US Secretary of the Interior to serve for life; Samoan associate judges appointed by the governor to serve for life subordinate courts: district and village courts note: American Samoa has no US federal courts; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Political parties: Democratic Party Republican Party; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Diplomatic representation in the US: none (territory of the US); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy: none (territory of the US); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
International organization participation: AOSIS (observer), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, PIF (observer), SPC; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Independence: none (territory of the US); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National holiday: Flag Day, 17 April (1900); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Flag: description: a large white triangle edged in red is based on the right side and extends to the left side, and it is on a dark blue field; a bald eagle holding a Samoan war club (fa'alaufa'i) and a coconut-fiber fly whisk (fue) sits on the right side of the flag meaning: the war club and fly whisk are traditional Samoan symbols of authority; the eagle carrying two objects echoes the US Great Seal and reflects the relationship between the United States and American Samoa; the red, white, and blue colors are traditionally used by both countries; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National symbol(s): a fue (coconut fiber fly whisk that represents wisdom) crossed with a to'oto'o (staff that represents authority); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National color(s): red, white, blue; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National anthem(s): title: "Amerika Samoa" (American Samoa) lyrics/music: Mariota Tiumalu TUIASOSOPO/Napoleon Andrew TUITELELEAPAGA history: local anthem adopted 1950 _____ title: "The Star-Spangled Banner" lyrics/music: Francis Scott KEY/John Stafford SMITH history: official anthem, as a US territory; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Economy14 fields

Economic overview: tourism, tuna, and government services-based territorial economy; sustained economic decline; vulnerable tuna canning industry; large territorial government presence; minimum wage increases to rise to federal standards by 2036; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $658 million (2016 est.) $674.9 million (2015 est.) $666.9 billion (2014 est.) note: data are in 2016 dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Real GDP growth rate: 1.7% (2022 est.) -0.8% (2021 est.) 4.4% (2020 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
GDP (official exchange rate): $871 million (2022 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Agricultural products: bananas, coconuts, vegetables, taro, breadfruit, yams, copra, pineapples, papayas; dairy products, livestock; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Industries: tuna canneries (largely supplied by foreign fishing vessels), handicrafts; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Budget: revenues: $249 million (2016 est.) expenditures: $262.5 million (2016 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Exports: $409 million (2022 est.) $332 million (2021 est.) $427 million (2020 est.) note: GDP expenditure basis - exports of goods and services in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Exports - partners: Australia 31%, UK 18%, Tanzania 9%, UAE 7%, Senegal 6% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Exports - commodities: animal meal, aluminum, refined petroleum, gas turbines, broadcasting equipment (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Imports: $677 million (2022 est.) $694 million (2021 est.) $686 million (2020 est.) note: GDP expenditure basis - imports of goods and services in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Imports - partners: Singapore 28%, NZ 15%, Fiji 14%, Taiwan 11%, Malaysia 11% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Imports - commodities: refined petroleum, fish, paper containers, wood, construction vehicles (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Exchange rates: the US dollar is used; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Energy4 fields

Electricity: installed generating capacity: 50,000 kW (2023 est.) consumption: 157.697 million kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 13.975 million kWh (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels: 97.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 2.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Petroleum: refined petroleum consumption: 3,000 bbl/day (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Energy consumption per capita: 89.105 million Btu/person (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Communications5 fields

Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 9,690 (2022 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 20 (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 2,250 (2004 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 4 (2004 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Broadcast media: 3 TV stations; multi-channel pay TV services are available; about a dozen radio stations, some of which are repeater stations; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Internet country code: .as; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Internet users: percent of population: 40.3% (1990 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Transportation2 fields

Airports: 3 (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Ports: total ports: 1 (2024) large: 0 medium: 0 small: 1 very small: 0 ports with oil terminals: 1 key ports: Pago Pago Harbor; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Military and Security1 fields

Military - note: defense is the responsibility of the US; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

The underlying United States government material is public domain. The Almanac’s reuse terms do not change the legal status of this preserved source layer.