World · permanent entity record · AO

Angola

Thirty-second orientation

Angola at a glance

Capital: Luanda; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Population: 39,040,039; World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025
Area: 1,246,700 sq km; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Nationality / demonym: noun: Angolan(s); adjective: Angolan; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Government: presidential republic; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Languages: Portuguese 71.2% (official), Umbundu 23%, Kikongo 8.2%, Kimbundu 7.8%, Chokwe 6.5%, Nhaneca 3.4%, Nganguela 3.1%, Fiote 2.4%, Kwanhama 2.3%, Muhumbi 2.1%, Luvale 1%, other 3.6% (2014 est.); CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04

Independently structured milestones · not a complete national history

Angola through time

1976-12-01
Admitted to the United Nations
Angola became a member of the United Nations.
United Nations, Member States · source checked 2026-09-04

Source history · changed fields only

Changes since the final CIA profile

Field	Maintained Almanac value	Final CIA profile
Population	39,040,039World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025	total: 38,984,796 (2025 est.) male: 19,115,781 female: 19,869,015CIA World Factbook · as of 2026-01-20

A difference may reflect a newer observation, a revised estimate, or a different source definition. This table reports the values and dates; it does not manufacture a trend.

World Development Indicators · latest available observation

People, economy, and access

Observation years vary by measure. Each row identifies the series and year instead of presenting unlike dates as one current snapshot.

Gross domestic product: $122.2 billion; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Gross domestic product per person: $3,129; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Life expectancy at birth: 64.8 years; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Urban population: 71.5%; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Access to electricity: 55.5%; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS. Underlying providers: World Bank ESMAP, Tracking SDG 7. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
People using the internet: 40.7%; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS. Underlying providers: International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved 2026-09-08.

World Development Indicators data are provided under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). The linked indicator metadata identifies the underlying statistical providers.

Maintained profile

Capital: Luanda; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04The nation set and displayed federal short name follow the current State Department independent-states register, dated August 11, 2026.
Area: 1,246,700 sq km; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04Final CIA source data preserved by a community mirror after the Factbook was retired; the mirror is not the issuing authority.
Population: 39,040,039; World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.POP.TOTL. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Currency: kwanza (AOA); CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04Currency label extracted from the Factbook exchange-rate field.
Languages: Portuguese 71.2% (official), Umbundu 23%, Kikongo 8.2%, Kimbundu 7.8%, Chokwe 6.5%, Nhaneca 3.4%, Nganguela 3.1%, Fiote 2.4%, Kwanhama 2.3%, Muhumbi 2.1%, Luvale 1%, other 3.6% (2014 est.); CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04Factbook language listing reproduced without inferring official status beyond the source wording.
Nationality / demonym: noun: Angolan(s); adjective: Angolan; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04The source’s noun and adjective forms are retained. These are language labels, not evidence of any individual person’s citizenship.
Government: presidential republic; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
UN membership: 1976-12-01; United Nations, Member States · as of 2026-09-04
Continent: Africa; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Continental label standardized from the archived profile region “Africa.”
Coastline: 1,600 km; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Climate: semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Religions: Roman Catholic 41.1%, Protestant 38.1%, other 8.6%, none 12.3% (2014 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Flag colors: red, black, yellow; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Colors extracted from the flag description in the preserved final CIA profile.
National symbol: giant black sable antelope (Palanca negra gigante); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Highest point: Moco · 8,596 ft (2,620 m); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Lowest point: Atlantic Ocean · 0 ft (0 m); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
NATO membership: Not a member; NATO, What is NATO? · as of 2026-09-06Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.
BRICS membership: Not a member; BRICS Brazil, About the BRICS · as of 2026-09-06Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.

Preserved public-domain record · not maintained current data

Final CIA World Factbook profile

This is the preserved historical baseline from the Factbook’s final public snapshot. It is presented as the CIA stated it, not as a current Standard American Almanac finding. Current, independently maintained facts appear above when available.

CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · profile updated 2026-01-20 · pinned source record · commit d81154954b8b

Introduction1 fields

Background: Bantu-speaking people settled in the area now called Angola in 6th century A.D.; by the 10th century various Bantu groups had established kingdoms, of which Kongo became the most powerful. From the late-14th to the mid-19th century, a Kingdom of Kongo stretched across central Africa from present-day northern Angola into the current Congo republics. It traded heavily with the Portuguese who, beginning in the 16th century, established coastal colonies and trading posts and introduced Christianity. Angola became a major hub of the transatlantic slave trade conducted by the Portuguese and other European powers -- often in collaboration with local kingdoms, including the Kongo. The Angola area is estimated to have lost as many as 4 million people as a result of the slave trade. The Kingdom of Kongo’s main rival was the Kingdom of Ndongo to its south, whose most famous leader was Nzingha Mbande, the 17th century diplomat to the Portuguese and later Queen, who successfully fought off Portuguese encroachment during her nearly 40-year reign. Smaller kingdoms, such as the Matamba and Ngoyo, often came under the control of the Kongo or Ndongo Kingdoms. During the Berlin Conference of 1884-85, Portugal and other European powers set Angola’s modern borders, but the Portuguese did not fully control large portions of the territory. Portugal gained control of the Kingdom of Kongo in 1888 when Kongo’s King Pedro V sought Portuguese military assistance in exchange for becoming a vassal. After a revolt in 1914, Portugal imposed direct rule over the colony and abolished the Kongo Kingdom. The Angolan National Revolution began in 1961, and in 1975, Angola won its independence when Portugal’s dictatorship fell, a collapse that occurred in part because of growing discontent over conflict in Angola and other colonies. Angola’s multiple independence movements soon clashed, with the Popular Movement for Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Agostinho NETO, taking power and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas SAVIMBI, emerging as its main competitor. After NETO’s death in 1979, Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, also of the MPLA, became president. Over time, the Angolan civil war escalated and became a major Cold War conflict, with the Soviet Union and Cuba supporting the MPLA and the US and South Africa supporting UNITA. Up to 1.5 million lives may have been lost -- and 4 million people displaced -- during the more than a quarter-century of fighting. SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and cemented the MPLA's hold on power. DOS SANTOS did not seek reelection in 2017 and supported Joao LOURENCO’s successful bid to become president. LOURENCO was reelected in 2022. Angola scores low on human development indexes despite using its large oil reserves to rebuild since 2002.; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Geography20 fields

Location: Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Geographic coordinates: 12 30 S, 18 30 E; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Map references: Africa; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Area: total : 1,246,700 sq km land: 1,246,700 sq km water: 0 sq km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Area - comparative: about eight times the size of Georgia; slightly less than twice the size of Texas; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Land boundaries: total: 5,369 km border countries (4): Democratic Republic of the Congo 2,646 km (of which 225 km is the boundary of discontiguous Cabinda Province); Republic of the Congo 231 km; Namibia 1,427 km; Zambia 1,065 km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Coastline: 1,600 km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Climate: semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Terrain: narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Elevation: highest point: Moco 2,620 m lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m mean elevation: 1,112 m; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Natural resources: petroleum, diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, copper, feldspar, gold, bauxite, uranium; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Land use: agricultural land: 36.9% (2023 est.) arable land: 4.3% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0.3% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 32.4% (2023 est.) forest: 51.6% (2023 est.) other: 11.5% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Irrigated land: 860 sq km (2014); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Major rivers (by length in km): Rio Zambeze (Zambezi) (shared with Zambia [s], Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique [m]) - 2,740 km; Rio Cubango (Okavango) river source (shared with Namibia and Botswana [m]) - 1,600 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Major watersheds (area sq km): Atlantic Ocean drainage: Congo (3,730,881 sq km) Indian Ocean drainage: Zambezi (1,332,412 sq km) Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: Okavango Basin (863,866 sq km); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Major aquifers: Congo Basin, Upper Kalahari-Cuvelai-Upper Zambezi Basin; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Population distribution: most people live in the western half of the country; urban areas account for the highest concentrations of people, particularly the capital of Luanda; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Natural hazards: locally heavy rainfall causes periodic flooding on the plateau; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Geography - note: the province of Cabinda is an exclave, separated from the rest of the country by the Democratic Republic of the Congo; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

People and Society33 fields

Population: total: 38,984,796 (2025 est.) male: 19,115,781 female: 19,869,015; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Nationality: noun: Angolan(s) adjective: Angolan; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Ethnic groups: Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, Mestico (mixed European and native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Languages: Portuguese 71.2% (official), Umbundu 23%, Kikongo 8.2%, Kimbundu 7.8%, Chokwe 6.5%, Nhaneca 3.4%, Nganguela 3.1%, Fiote 2.4%, Kwanhama 2.3%, Muhumbi 2.1%, Luvale 1%, other 3.6% (2014 est.) note: shares sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Religions: Roman Catholic 41.1%, Protestant 38.1%, other 8.6%, none 12.3% (2014 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Age structure: 0-14 years: 46.9% (male 8,752,419/female 8,701,422) 15-64 years: 50.7% (male 9,076,080/female 9,795,035) 65 years and over: 2.4% (2024 est.) (male 367,559/female 509,546); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 95.1 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 90 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 5.1 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 19.6 (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Median age: total: 16.6 years (2025 est.) male: 15.8 years female: 16.8 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Population growth rate: 3.32% (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Birth rate: 39.75 births/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Death rate: 6.73 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Net migration rate: 0.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Population distribution: most people live in the western half of the country; urban areas account for the highest concentrations of people, particularly the capital of Luanda; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Urbanization: urban population: 68.7% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 4.04% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Major urban areas - population: 9.292 million LUANDA (capital), 959,000 Lubango, 905,000 Cabinda, 809,000 Benguela, 783,000 Malanje (2023); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Mother's mean age at first birth: 19.4 years (2015/16 est.) note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Maternal mortality ratio: 183 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Infant mortality rate: total: 46.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 60.7 deaths/1,000 live births female: 50.3 deaths/1,000 live births; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 62.9 years (2024 est.) male: 60.8 years female: 65.1 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Total fertility rate: 5.45 children born/woman (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Gross reproduction rate: 2.68 (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Drinking water source: urban: 71.7% of population (2022 est.) rural: 27.8% of population (2022 est.) total: 57.7% of population (2022 est.) urban: 28.3% of population (2022 est.) rural: 72.2% of population (2022 est.) total: 42.3% of population (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Health expenditure: 3% of GDP (2021) 6.7% of national budget (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Physician density: 0.24 physicians/1,000 population (2022); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Hospital bed density: 0.8 beds/1,000 population (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Sanitation facility access: urban: 93.7% of population (2022 est.) rural: 30.3% of population (2022 est.) total: 73.5% of population (2022 est.) urban: 6.3% of population (2022 est.) rural: 69.7% of population (2022 est.) total: 26.5% of population (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Obesity - adult prevalence rate: 8.2% (2016); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Alcohol consumption per capita: total: 5.84 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 3.78 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 0.72 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 1.27 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 0.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Currently married women (ages 15-49): 57.2% (2016 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Child marriage: women married by age 15: 7.9% (2016) women married by age 18: 30.3% (2016) men married by age 18: 6% (2016); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Education expenditure: 2.5% of GDP (2023 est.) 6.5% national budget (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Literacy: total population: 66.2% (2015 est.) male: 83.8% (2015 est.) female: 51.9% (2015 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Environment11 fields

Environmental issues: overuse of pastures and subsequent soil erosion; desertification; deforestation of tropical rainforest from international demand for timber and domestic use as fuel; loss of biodiversity; soil erosion contributing to water pollution and siltation of rivers and dams; inadequate supplies of potable water; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
International environmental agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Climate: semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Land use: agricultural land: 36.9% (2023 est.) arable land: 4.3% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0.3% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 32.4% (2023 est.) forest: 51.6% (2023 est.) other: 11.5% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Urbanization: urban population: 68.7% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 4.04% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Carbon dioxide emissions: 19.66 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 9,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 17.21 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 2.441 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Particulate matter emissions: 27.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Methane emissions: energy: 1,009.1 kt (2022-2024 est.) agriculture: 374.5 kt (2019-2021 est.) waste: 123 kt (2019-2021 est.) other: 78.5 kt (2019-2021 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually: 4.214 million tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 19% (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Total water withdrawal: municipal: 319.5 million cubic meters (2022 est.) industrial: 239.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.) agricultural: 146.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Total renewable water resources: 148.4 billion cubic meters (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Government23 fields

Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Angola conventional short form: Angola local long form: Republica de Angola local short form: Angola former: People's Republic of Angola etymology: in the 15th century, Portuguese explorers derived the name from the title "N'gola," which was held by kings of the Ndongo; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Government type: presidential republic; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Capital: name: Luanda geographic coordinates: 8 50 S, 13 13 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: does not observe daylight savings time etymology: the Portuguese named the city São Paulo da Assunção de Loanda (Saint Paul of the Assumption of Loanda); over time, it was shortened to "Luanda," which may derive from a Bantu word meaning "tax" or "duty," in reference to local people paying their dues to the king of the Congo; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Administrative divisions: 21 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Bengo, Benguela, Bie, Cabinda, Cuando, Cubango, Cuanza-Norte, Cuanza-Sul, Cunene, Huambo, Huila, Icolo e Bengo, Luanda, Lunda-Norte, Lunda-Sul, Malanje, Moxico, Moxico Leste, Namibe, Uige, Zaire; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Legal system: civil legal system based on Portuguese civil law; no judicial review of legislation; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Constitution: history: previous 1975, 1992; latest passed by National Assembly 21 January 2010, adopted 5 February 2010 amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or supported by at least one third of the National Assembly membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly subject to prior Constitutional Court review if requested by the president of the republic; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Citizenship: citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Angola dual citizenship recognized: no residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Executive branch: chief of state: President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 26 September 2017) head of government: President Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (since 26 September 2017) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president election/appointment process: the candidate of the winning party or coalition in the last legislative election becomes the president; president serves a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive or discontinuous term) most recent election date: 24 August 2022 election results: Joao Manuel Goncalves LOURENCO (MPLA) elected president by then winning party following the 24 August 2022 general election expected date of next election: 2027; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Legislative branch: legislature name: National Assembly (Assembleia nacional) legislative structure: unicameral number of seats: 220 (all directly elected) electoral system: proportional representation scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 5 years most recent election date: 8/24/2022 parties elected and seats per party: Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) (124); National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) (90); Other (6) percentage of women in chamber: 39.1% expected date of next election: August 2027; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Judicial branch: highest court(s): Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo (consists of the court president, vice president, and a minimum of 16 judges); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 11 judges) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the president on recommendation of the Supreme Judicial Council, an 18-member body chaired by the president; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges - 4 nominated by the president, 4 elected by National Assembly, 2 elected by Supreme National Council, 1 elected by competitive submission of curricula; judges serve single 7-year terms subordinate courts: provincial and municipal courts; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Political parties: Broad Convergence for the Salvation of Angola Electoral Coalition or CASA-CE Humanist Party of Angola or PHI National Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA; note - party has two factions National Union for the Total Independence of Angola or UNITA (largest opposition party) Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola or MPLA; note- ruling party in power since 1975 Social Renewal Party or PRS; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Agostinho de Carvalho dos Santos VAN-DÚNEM (since 30 June 2023) chancery: 2108 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 785-1156 FAX: [1] (202) 822-9049 email address and website: info@angola.org https://angola.org/ consulate(s) general: Houston, New York; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Shannon Nagy CAZEAU (since 2 October 2025) embassy: Rua Houari Boumedienne, #32, Luanda mailing address: 2550 Luanda Place, Washington, DC 20521-2550 telephone: [244] (222) 64-1000 FAX: [244] (222) 64-1000 email address and website: Consularluanda@state.gov https://ao.usembassy.gov/; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, AU, CEMAC, CPLP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, Union Latina, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Independence: 11 November 1975 (from Portugal); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National holiday: Independence Day, 11 November (1975); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Flag: description: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem of a five-pointed star inside half a cogwheel, crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle) meaning: red stands for liberty and black for the African continent; the emblem symbolizes workers and peasants; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National symbol(s): giant black sable antelope (Palanca negra gigante); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National color(s): red, black, yellow; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National anthem(s): title: "Angola Avante" (Forward Angola) lyrics/music: Manuel Rui Alves MONTEIRO/Rui Alberto Vieira Dias MINGAO history: adopted 1975; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National heritage: total World Heritage Sites: 1 (cultural) selected World Heritage Site locales: Mbanza-Kongo; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Economy32 fields

Economic overview: middle-income, oil-dependent African economy; widespread poverty; rising inflation and currency depreciation; seeking diversification through agricultural production; significant corruption in public institutions; major infrastructure investments from China and US; exited OPEC in 2023; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $278.239 billion (2024 est.) $266.452 billion (2023 est.) $263.61 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Real GDP growth rate: 4.4% (2024 est.) 1.1% (2023 est.) 3% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Real GDP per capita: $7,300 (2024 est.) $7,300 (2023 est.) $7,400 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
GDP (official exchange rate): $80.397 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 28.2% (2024 est.) 13.6% (2023 est.) 21.4% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 16.4% (2024 est.) industry: 44.2% (2024 est.) services: 39.3% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 55.3% (2024 est.) government consumption: 6.3% (2024 est.) investment in fixed capital: 25% (2024 est.) investment in inventories: 0% (2024 est.) exports of goods and services: 37.9% (2024 est.) imports of goods and services: -24.4% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Agricultural products: cassava, bananas, maize, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, tomatoes, pineapples, onions, potatoes, citrus fruits (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Industries: petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship repair; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Industrial production growth rate: 5% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Labor force: 15.961 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Unemployment rate: 14.5% (2024 est.) 14.6% (2023 est.) 14.7% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total: 27.9% (2024 est.) male: 30.2% (2024 est.) female: 25.7% (2024 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Population below poverty line: 32.3% (2018 est.) note: % of population with income below national poverty line; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: 51.3 (2018 est.) note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Average household expenditures: on food: 50% of household expenditures (2023 est.) on alcohol and tobacco: 1.4% of household expenditures (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 1.3% (2018 est.) highest 10%: 39.6% (2018 est.) note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Remittances: 0% of GDP (2024 est.) 0% of GDP (2023 est.) 0% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Budget: revenues: $18.117 billion (2019 est.) expenditures: $13.871 billion (2019 est.) note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Public debt: 75.3% of GDP (2016 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Taxes and other revenues: 10.1% (of GDP) (2019 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Current account balance: $6.31 billion (2024 est.) $4.185 billion (2023 est.) $11.763 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Exports: $36.924 billion (2024 est.) $36.961 billion (2023 est.) $50.12 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Exports - partners: China 40%, India 9%, UAE 6%, Spain 6%, Netherlands 5% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Exports - commodities: crude petroleum, diamonds, natural gas, ships, refined petroleum (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Imports: $22.683 billion (2024 est.) $23.688 billion (2023 est.) $28.564 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Imports - partners: China 19%, Portugal 10%, UAE 7%, India 6%, USA 5% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Imports - commodities: refined petroleum, wheat, ships, cars, trucks (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $14.243 billion (2024 est.) $13.942 billion (2023 est.) $13.655 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Debt - external: $45.299 billion (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Exchange rates: kwanza (AOA) per US dollar - 869.846 (2024 est.) 685.02 (2023 est.) 460.568 (2022 est.) 631.442 (2021 est.) 578.259 (2020 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Energy7 fields

Electricity access: electrification - total population: 48.5% (2022 est.) electrification - urban areas: 76.2% electrification - rural areas: 7.3% (2018 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Electricity: installed generating capacity: 7.6 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 16.214 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 1.725 billion kWh (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels: 23.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 2.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 74% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Coal: imports: 3,000 metric tons (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Petroleum: total petroleum production: 1.175 million bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 121,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 7.783 billion barrels (2021 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Natural gas: production: 5.984 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 1.244 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) exports: 4.928 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 343.002 billion cubic meters (2021 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Energy consumption per capita: 9.146 million Btu/person (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Communications6 fields

Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 80,300 (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2024 est.) less than 1; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 26.4 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 70 (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Broadcast media: state-owned media dominate; only four privately owned newspapers still exist in print form; state-run Radio Nacional de Angola (RNA) is the only outlet to offer programs in local languages such as Bantu; private stations operate in cities, including Catholic Radio Ecclesia, but RNA is the only radio broadcaster with near-national coverage (2023); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Internet country code: .ao; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Internet users: percent of population: 45% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total: 137,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2023 est.) less than 1; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Transportation6 fields

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: D2; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Airports: 107 (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Heliports: 2 (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Railways: total: 2,761 km (2022) narrow gauge: 2,638 km (2022) 1.067-m gauge 123 km 0.600-mm gauge; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Merchant marine: total: 64 (2023) by type: general cargo 13, oil tanker 8, other 43; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Ports: total ports: 21 (2024) large: 0 medium: 0 small: 8 very small: 13 ports with oil terminals: 17 key ports: Cabinda, Estrela Oil Field, Lobito, Luanda, Malongo Oil Terminal, Namibe, Palanca Terminal, Takula Terminal; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Military and Security6 fields

Military and security forces: Angolan Armed Forces (Forcas Armadas Angolanas, FAA): Army, Navy (Marinha de Guerra Angola, MGA), Angolan National Air Force (Forca Aerea Nacional Angolana, FANA) Ministry of Interior: National Police, Border Guard Police (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military expenditures: 1% of GDP (2024 est.) 1.2% of GDP (2023 est.) 1.2% of GDP (2022 est.) 1.4% of GDP (2021 est.) 1.5% of GDP (2020 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military and security service personnel strengths: approximately 100,000 active duty Armed Forces (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: most Angolan military weapons and equipment are of Russian or Soviet-era origin; there are smaller quantities of items originating from such suppliers as China, Brazil, Israel, Italy, South Africa, and the UAE (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military service age and obligation: 20-45 years of age for compulsory and 18-45 years for voluntary military service for men; 20-45 years of age for voluntary service for women; 24-month conscript service obligation; the Navy is entirely staffed with volunteers (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military - note: the Angolan Armed Forces were created in 1991 under the Bicesse Accords signed between the Angolan Government and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA); the current force is responsible for country’s external defense but also has some domestic security responsibilities, such as border protection; it participates in multinational exercises, as well as regional peacekeeping operations, including the deployment of several hundred troops to the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2023; in recent years, the military has placed additional emphasis on maritime security and protecting offshore resources (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Space3 fields

Space agency/agencies: National Space Program Office (Gabinete de Gestão do Programa Espacial Nacional, GGPEN; established 2013) (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Space program overview: has a national space strategy with a focus on capacity-building, developing space infrastructure, investing in domestic space sector, supporting socioeconomic growth, and establishing cooperation agreements with foreign technical and scientific institutions in the space industry; contracts with foreign companies to build and launch satellites; operates satellites; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of France, Portugal, Russia, the US, and other African countries; member of the African Space Agency (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Key space-program milestones: 2017 - first communications satellite (AngoSat-1) built, launched, and operated by Russia (satellite failed in 2018) 2022 - second communications satellite (AngoSat-2) with French-built payload, integrated and launched by Russia 2023 - signed US-led Artemis Accords outlining best practices for space exploration 2024 - inaugurated a national maritime coordination and surveillance center and country's first satellite mission control center 2025 - signed financial agreement with France for construction of country’s first high-resolution remote sensing satellite (ANGEO-1); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Transnational Issues1 fields

Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees: 55,542 (2024 est.) IDPs: 75,308 (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

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Angola at a glance

Angola through time

Admitted to the United Nations

Changes since the final CIA profile

People, economy, and access

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