World · permanent entity record · AJ

Azerbaijan

Thirty-second orientation

Azerbaijan at a glance

Capital: Baku (Baki, Baky); CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Population: 10,246,996; World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025
Area: 86,600 sq km; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Nationality / demonym: noun: Azerbaijani(s); adjective: Azerbaijani; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Government: presidential republic; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Languages: Azerbaijani 96.1%, other 1.4%; less than 1%: Russian, Avar, Talyshi, Turkish, Tatar, Sakhur, Tat, Ukrainian, Georgian, Hebrew (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04

Independently structured milestones · not a complete national history

Azerbaijan through time

1992-03-02
Admitted to the United Nations
Azerbaijan became a member of the United Nations.
United Nations, Member States · source checked 2026-09-04

Source history · changed fields only

Changes since the final CIA profile

Field	Maintained Almanac value	Final CIA profile
Population	10,246,996World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025	total: 10,694,370 (2025 est.) male: 5,354,376 female: 5,339,994CIA World Factbook · as of 2026-01-20

A difference may reflect a newer observation, a revised estimate, or a different source definition. This table reports the values and dates; it does not manufacture a trend.

World Development Indicators · latest available observation

People, economy, and access

Observation years vary by measure. Each row identifies the series and year instead of presenting unlike dates as one current snapshot.

Gross domestic product: $75.9 billion; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Gross domestic product per person: $7,411; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Life expectancy at birth: 74.6 years; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Urban population: 58.6%; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Access to electricity: 100.0%; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS. Underlying providers: World Bank ESMAP, Tracking SDG 7. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
People using the internet: 90.8%; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS. Underlying providers: International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved 2026-09-08.

World Development Indicators data are provided under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). The linked indicator metadata identifies the underlying statistical providers.

Maintained profile

Capital: Baku (Baki, Baky); CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04The nation set and displayed federal short name follow the current State Department independent-states register, dated August 11, 2026.
Area: 86,600 sq km; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04Final CIA source data preserved by a community mirror after the Factbook was retired; the mirror is not the issuing authority.
Population: 10,246,996; World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.POP.TOTL. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Source footnote: Extrapolated assuming the same growth rate as previous 6 months. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Currency: Azerbaijani manats (AZN); CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04Currency label extracted from the Factbook exchange-rate field.
Languages: Azerbaijani 96.1%, other 1.4%; less than 1%: Russian, Avar, Talyshi, Turkish, Tatar, Sakhur, Tat, Ukrainian, Georgian, Hebrew (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04Factbook language listing reproduced without inferring official status beyond the source wording.
Nationality / demonym: noun: Azerbaijani(s); adjective: Azerbaijani; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04The source’s noun and adjective forms are retained. These are language labels, not evidence of any individual person’s citizenship.
Government: presidential republic; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
UN membership: 1992-03-02; United Nations, Member States · as of 2026-09-04
Continent: Asia; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Continental label standardized from the archived profile region “Central Asia.”
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) note: Azerbaijan borders the Caspian Sea (713 km); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Climate: dry, semiarid steppe; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Religions: Muslim 97.3% (predominantly Shia), Christian 2.6%, other note: religious affiliation for the majority of Azerbaijanis is largely nominal, percentages for actual practicing adherents are probably much lower; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Flag colors: blue, red, green, white; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Colors extracted from the flag description in the preserved final CIA profile.
National symbol: flames of fire; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Highest point: Bazarduzu Dagi · 14,652 ft (4,466 m); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Lowest point: Caspian Sea · -92 ft (-28 m); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
NATO membership: Not a member; NATO, What is NATO? · as of 2026-09-06Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.
BRICS membership: Not a member; BRICS Brazil, About the BRICS · as of 2026-09-06Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.

Preserved public-domain record · not maintained current data

Final CIA World Factbook profile

This is the preserved historical baseline from the Factbook’s final public snapshot. It is presented as the CIA stated it, not as a current Standard American Almanac finding. Current, independently maintained facts appear above when available.

CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · profile updated 2026-01-20 · pinned source record · commit d81154954b8b

Introduction1 fields

Background: Azerbaijan -- a secular nation with a majority-Turkic and majority-Shia Muslim population -- was briefly independent (from 1918 to 1920) following the collapse of the Russian Empire; it was subsequently incorporated into the Soviet Union for seven decades. Beginning in 1988, Azerbaijan and Armenia fought over the Nagorno-Karabakh region, which was populated largely by ethnic Armenians but incorporated into Soviet Azerbaijan as an autonomous oblast in the early 1920s. In the late Soviet period, an ethnic-Armenian separatist movement sought to end Azerbaijani control over the region. Fighting over Nagorno-Karabakh escalated after Armenia and Azerbaijan gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By the time a ceasefire took effect in 1994, separatists with Armenian support controlled Nagorno‑Karabakh and seven surrounding Azerbaijani territories. After decades of cease-fire violations and sporadic flare-ups, a second sustained conflict began in 2020 when Azerbaijan tried to win back the territories it had lost in the 1990s. After significant Azerbaijani gains, Armenia returned the southern part of Nagorno-Karabakh and the surrounding territories to Azerbaijan. In September 2023, Azerbaijan took military action to regain the rest of Nagorno-Karabakh; after a conflict that lasted only one day, nearly the entire ethnic Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh fled to Armenia. Since gaining its independence in 1991, Azerbaijan has significantly reduced the poverty rate and has directed some revenue from its oil and gas production to develop the country’s infrastructure. However, corruption remains a burden on the economy, and Western observers and members of the country’s political opposition have accused the government of authoritarianism. The country’s leadership has remained in the ALIYEV family since Heydar ALIYEV, the most highly ranked Azerbaijani member of the Communist Party during the Soviet period, became president during the first Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1993.; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Geography18 fields

Location: Southwestern Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Russia, with a small European portion north of the Caucasus range; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Geographic coordinates: 40 30 N, 47 30 E; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Map references: Asia; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Area: total : 86,600 sq km land: 82,629 sq km water: 3,971 sq km note: includes the exclave of Naxcivan Autonomous Republic and the Nagorno-Karabakh region; the final status of the region has yet to be determined; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Area - comparative: about three-quarters the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Maine; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Land boundaries: total: 2,468 km border countries (5): Armenia 996 km; Georgia 428 km; Iran 689 km; Russia 338 km; Turkey 17 km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) note: Azerbaijan borders the Caspian Sea (713 km); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Maritime claims: none (landlocked); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Climate: dry, semiarid steppe; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Terrain: large, flat Kur-Araz Ovaligi (Kura-Araks Lowland, much of it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag Yaylasi (Karabakh Upland) to the west; Baku lies on Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) that juts into Caspian Sea; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Elevation: highest point: Bazarduzu Dagi 4,466 m lowest point: Caspian Sea -28 m mean elevation: 384 m; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nonferrous metals, bauxite; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Land use: agricultural land: 57.8% (2023 est.) arable land: 25.3% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 3.3% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 29.2% (2023 est.) forest: 14.4% (2023 est.) other: 27.7% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Irrigated land: 14,693 sq km (2022); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Major lakes (area sq km): salt water lake(s): Caspian Sea (shared with Iran, Russia, Turkmenistan, and Kazakhstan) - 374,000 sq km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Population distribution: highest population density is found in the far eastern area of the country, in and around Baku; apart from smaller urbanized areas, the rest of the country has a fairly light and evenly distributed population; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Natural hazards: droughts; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Geography - note: both the main area of the country and the Naxcivan exclave are landlocked; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

People and Society35 fields

Population: total: 10,694,370 (2025 est.) male: 5,354,376 female: 5,339,994; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Nationality: noun: Azerbaijani(s) adjective: Azerbaijani; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Ethnic groups: Azerbaijani 94.8%, other 1.8%; less than 1%: Talish, Russian, Avar, Sakhur, Tartar, Georgian, Jewish, Kurd (2019 est.) note: Nagorno-Karabakh, which is part of Azerbaijan on the basis of the borders recognized when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991, was populated almost entirely by ethnic Armenians; Azerbaijan has over 80 ethnic groups; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Languages: Azerbaijani 96.1%, other 1.4%; less than 1%: Russian, Avar, Talyshi, Turkish, Tatar, Sakhur, Tat, Ukrainian, Georgian, Hebrew (2019 est.) major-language sample(s): Dünya fakt kitabı, əsas məlumatlar üçün əvəz olunmaz mənbədir (Azerbaijani) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. note: Russian is widely spoken; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Religions: Muslim 97.3% (predominantly Shia), Christian 2.6%, other note: religious affiliation for the majority of Azerbaijanis is largely nominal, percentages for actual practicing adherents are probably much lower; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Age structure: 0-14 years: 22.3% (male 1,269,241/female 1,104,529) 15-64 years: 68.7% (male 3,659,441/female 3,656,493) 65 years and over: 9% (2024 est.) (male 401,551/female 558,984); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 45.6 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 31.6 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 14 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 7.1 (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Median age: total: 34.8 years (2025 est.) male: 32.8 years female: 36 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Population growth rate: 0.4% (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Birth rate: 11.13 births/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Death rate: 6.44 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Net migration rate: -0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Population distribution: highest population density is found in the far eastern area of the country, in and around Baku; apart from smaller urbanized areas, the rest of the country has a fairly light and evenly distributed population; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Urbanization: urban population: 57.6% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 1.38% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) note: data include Nagorno-Karabakh; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Major urban areas - population: 2.432 million BAKU (capital) (2023); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.15 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.15 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Mother's mean age at first birth: 24 years (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Maternal mortality ratio: 18 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Infant mortality rate: total: 10.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 12.6 deaths/1,000 live births female: 9 deaths/1,000 live births; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 75.9 years (2024 est.) male: 73.5 years female: 78.6 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Total fertility rate: 1.69 children born/woman (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Gross reproduction rate: 0.79 (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Drinking water source: urban: 100% of population (2022 est.) rural: 94.5% of population (2022 est.) total: 97.6% of population (2022 est.) urban: 0% of population (2022 est.) rural: 5.5% of population (2022 est.) total: 2.4% of population (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Health expenditure: 4.7% of GDP (2021) 4.6% of national budget (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Physician density: 3.19 physicians/1,000 population (2022); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Hospital bed density: 3.9 beds/1,000 population (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Sanitation facility access: urban: 100% of population (2022 est.) urban: 0% of population (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Obesity - adult prevalence rate: 19.9% (2016); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Alcohol consumption per capita: total: 1.38 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 0.36 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 0.06 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 0.94 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Tobacco use: total: 18.4% (2025 est.) male: 37.9% (2025 est.) female: 0.1% (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 3% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Currently married women (ages 15-49): 59.7% (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Education expenditure: 3.7% of GDP (2023 est.) 11.9% national budget (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Literacy: total population: 99.8% (2023 est.) male: 99.8% (2023 est.) female: 99.7% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 13 years (2023 est.) male: 13 years (2023 est.) female: 13 years (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Environment11 fields

Environmental issues: severe air, soil, and water pollution; soil pollution from oil spills, pesticides, and toxic defoliants used in producing cotton; surface and underground water pollution from untreated municipal and industrial wastewater and agricultural run-off; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
International environmental agreements: party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Climate: dry, semiarid steppe; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Land use: agricultural land: 57.8% (2023 est.) arable land: 25.3% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 3.3% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 29.2% (2023 est.) forest: 14.4% (2023 est.) other: 27.7% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Urbanization: urban population: 57.6% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 1.38% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) note: data include Nagorno-Karabakh; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Carbon dioxide emissions: 38.892 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 17,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 13.954 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 24.921 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Particulate matter emissions: 27.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Methane emissions: energy: 268.8 kt (2022-2024 est.) agriculture: 188.9 kt (2019-2021 est.) waste: 93.8 kt (2019-2021 est.) other: 1 kt (2019-2021 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually: 2.93 million tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 14.4% (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Total water withdrawal: municipal: 408 million cubic meters (2022 est.) industrial: 598 million cubic meters (2022 est.) agricultural: 11.962 billion cubic meters (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Total renewable water resources: 34.675 billion cubic meters (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Government23 fields

Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Azerbaijan conventional short form: Azerbaijan local long form: Azarbaycan Respublikasi local short form: Azarbaycan former: Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic etymology: the name can be translated as "Fire Keeper" or "The Land of Fire," from the local word azer, or "fire," and baydjan, a word derived from the Iranian word baykan, or "guardian;" may refer to fire worshippers who lived in the region; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Government type: presidential republic; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Capital: name: Baku (Baki, Baky) geographic coordinates: 40 23 N, 49 52 E time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: does not observe daylight savings time etymology: the name may derive from the Old Persian word badkuba, meaning "windward" and referring to its windy location on the shore of the Caspian Sea note: at approximately 28 m below sea level, Baku's elevation makes it the lowest capital city in the world; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Administrative divisions: 66 districts (rayonlar; singular - rayon), 11 cities (saharlar; sahar - singular) districts: Abseron, Agcabadi, Agdam, Agdas, Agstafa, Agsu, Astara, Babak, Balakan, Barda, Beylaqan, Bilasuvar, Cabrayil, Calilabad, Culfa, Daskasan, Fuzuli, Gadabay, Goranboy, Goycay, Goygol, Haciqabul, Imisli, Ismayilli, Kalbacar, Kangarli, Kurdamir, Lacin, Lankaran, Lerik, Masalli, Neftcala, Oguz, Ordubad, Qabala, Qax, Qazax, Qobustan, Quba, Qubadli, Qusar, Saatli, Sabirabad, Sabran, Sadarak, Sahbuz, Saki, Salyan, Samaxi, Samkir, Samux, Sarur, Siyazan, Susa, Tartar, Tovuz, Ucar, Xacmaz, Xizi, Xocali, Xocavand, Yardimli, Yevlax, Zangilan, Zaqatala, Zardab cities: Baku, Ganca, Lankaran, Mingacevir, Naftalan, Naxcivan (Nakhichevan), Saki, Sirvan, Sumqayit, Xankandi, Yevlax; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Legal system: civil law system; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Constitution: history: several previous; latest adopted 12 November 1995 amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or by at least 63 members of the National Assembly; passage requires at least 95 votes of Assembly members in two separate readings of the draft amendment six months apart and requires presidential approval after each of the two Assembly votes, followed by presidential signature; constitutional articles on the authority, sovereignty, and unity of the people cannot be amended; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Citizenship: citizenship by birth: yes citizenship by descent only: yes dual citizenship recognized: no residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Executive branch: chief of state: President Ilham ALIYEV (since 31 October 2003) head of government: Prime Minister Ali ASADOV (since 8 October 2019) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds (if needed) for a 7-year term; a single individual is eligible for unlimited terms; prime minister and first deputy prime minister appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly most recent election date: 7 February 2024 election results: 2024: Ilham ALIYEV reelected president; percent of vote - Ilham ALIYEV (YAP) 92.1%, Zahid ORUJ (independent) 2.2%; on 16 February 2024, Ali ASADOV reappointed prime minister by parliamentary vote, 105-1 2018: Ilham ALIYEV reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Ilham ALIYEV (YAP) 86%, Zahid ORUJ (independent) 3.1%, other 10.9% expected date of next election: 2031; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Legislative branch: legislature name: National Assembly (Milli Majlis) legislative structure: unicameral number of seats: 125 (all directly elected) electoral system: plurality/majority scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 5 years most recent election date: 9/1/2024 parties elected and seats per party: New Azerbaidjan Party (YAP) (68); Independents (44); Other (13) percentage of women in chamber: 20.8% expected date of next election: November 2029; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Judicial branch: highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the chairman, vice chairman, and 23 judges in plenum sessions and organized into civil, economic affairs, criminal, and rights violations chambers); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Milli Majlis; judges appointed for 10 years; Constitutional Court chairman and deputy chairman appointed by the president; other court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Milli Majlis to serve single 15-year terms subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal (replaced the Economic Court in 2002); district and municipal courts; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Political parties: Azerbaijan Hope Party or ÜMİD Azerbaijan Democratic Enlightenment Party or ADMP Azerbaijan National Independence Party or AMİP Civic Solidarity Party or VHP Democratic Reforms Party or DiP Great Order Party or BAP Justice, Law, Democracy Party or ƏHD Great Order Party or BQP Motherland Party or AVP National Front Party or MCP National Revival Movement Party or MDHP New Azerbaijan Party or YAP Republican Alternative Party or REAL Unity Party or VƏHDƏT; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Khazar IBRAHIM (since 15 September 2021) chancery: 2741 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 337-3500 FAX: [1] (202) 337-5911 email address and website: azerbaijan@azembassy.us https://washington.mfa.gov.az/en consulate(s) general: Los Angeles; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Amy CARLON (since 23 June 2025) embassy: 111 Azadlig Avenue, AZ1007 Baku mailing address: 7050 Baku Place, Washington, DC 20521-7050 telephone: [994] (12) 488-3300 FAX: [994] (12) 488-3330 email address and website: BakuACS@state.gov https://az.usembassy.gov/; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
International organization participation: ADB, BSEC, CD, CE, CICA, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Independence: 30 August 1991 (declared from the Soviet Union); 18 October 1991 (adopted by the Supreme Council of Azerbaijan); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National holiday: Republic Day (founding of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan), 28 May (1918); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Flag: description: three equal horizontal bands of sky blue (top), red, and green; a vertical crescent moon and an eight-pointed star in white are centered in the red band meaning: the blue band stands for Azerbaijan's Turkic heritage, red for modernization and progress, and green for Islam; the crescent moon and star are a Turkic insignia; the eight star points represent the eight Turkic peoples of the world; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National symbol(s): flames of fire; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National color(s): blue, red, green; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National anthem(s): title: "Azerbaijan Marsi" (March of Azerbaijan) lyrics/music: Ahmed JAVAD/Uzeyir HAJIBEYOV history: adopted 1992; originally written in 1919 during a brief period of independence, but did not become the official anthem until after the dissolution of the Soviet Union; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National heritage: total World Heritage Sites: 5 (4 cultural, 1 natural) selected World Heritage Site locales: Walled City of Baku; Gobustan Rock Art Cultural Landscape; Historic Center of Sheki; Cultural Landscape of Khinalig People and "Koc Yolu" Transhumance Route; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Economy29 fields

Economic overview: upper-middle income, oil-dependent Caucasus economy; minimal economic diversification and dominance of state-owned enterprises; growth and fiscal consolidation supported by oil revenues, but risks remain from demand shocks; potential economic gains from Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire; education investments to diversify and retain human capital; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $225.198 billion (2024 est.) $216.388 billion (2023 est.) $213.497 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Real GDP growth rate: 4.1% (2024 est.) 1.4% (2023 est.) 4.7% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Real GDP per capita: $22,100 (2024 est.) $21,300 (2023 est.) $21,100 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
GDP (official exchange rate): $74.316 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.2% (2024 est.) 8.8% (2023 est.) 13.9% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 5.7% (2024 est.) industry: 42.6% (2024 est.) services: 42.3% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 55.4% (2024 est.) government consumption: 14.4% (2024 est.) investment in fixed capital: 16.8% (2024 est.) investment in inventories: 4.3% (2024 est.) exports of goods and services: 45.9% (2024 est.) imports of goods and services: -36.8% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Agricultural products: milk, wheat, barley, potatoes, tomatoes, watermelons, onions, apples, maize, cotton (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Industries: petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, oilfield equipment; steel, iron ore; cement; chemicals and petrochemicals; textiles; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Industrial production growth rate: 2.1% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Labor force: 5.02 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Unemployment rate: 5.6% (2024 est.) 5.7% (2023 est.) 5.7% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total: 13.7% (2024 est.) male: 12.3% (2024 est.) female: 15.3% (2024 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Average household expenditures: on food: 42.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.) on alcohol and tobacco: 2% of household expenditures (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Remittances: 1.8% of GDP (2024 est.) 2.6% of GDP (2023 est.) 5% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Budget: revenues: $30.966 billion (2022 est.) expenditures: $22.95 billion (2022 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Public debt: 16.8% of GDP (2021 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Taxes and other revenues: 15.4% (of GDP) (2022 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Current account balance: $4.671 billion (2024 est.) $8.329 billion (2023 est.) $23.478 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Exports: $34.113 billion (2024 est.) $35.487 billion (2023 est.) $47.274 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Exports - partners: Italy 37%, Turkey 19%, Israel 5%, Greece 4%, Russia 4% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Exports - commodities: crude petroleum, natural gas, refined petroleum, plastics, electricity (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Imports: $27.339 billion (2024 est.) $25.016 billion (2023 est.) $21.274 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Imports - partners: Russia 17%, China 16%, Turkey 14%, Georgia 4%, Germany 4% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Imports - commodities: cars, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, broadcasting equipment, garments (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $12.699 billion (2024 est.) $13.749 billion (2023 est.) $11.338 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Debt - external: $12.378 billion (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Exchange rates: Azerbaijani manats (AZN) per US dollar - 1.7 (2024 est.) 1.7 (2023 est.) 1.7 (2022 est.) 1.7 (2021 est.) 1.7 (2020 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Energy7 fields

Electricity access: electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Electricity: installed generating capacity: 8.383 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 23.857 billion kWh (2023 est.) exports: 3.246 billion kWh (2023 est.) imports: 212 million kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 2.197 billion kWh (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels: 93.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) wind: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 5.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Coal: consumption: 6,000 metric tons (2023 est.) imports: 10,000 metric tons (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Petroleum: total petroleum production: 618,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 109,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 7 billion barrels (2021 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Natural gas: production: 35.775 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 12.703 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) exports: 23.65 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) imports: 2.173 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 1.699 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Energy consumption per capita: 66.467 million Btu/person (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Communications6 fields

Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 1.33 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 13 (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 11.3 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 110 (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Broadcast media: TV is the most popular medium; many homes are hooked up to satellite; all Azerbaijan-based channels promote government positions; state-owned AzTV runs three national channels, and state-funded iTV is a national public service broadcaster; 4 national privately-owned stations; Turkish, Russian, and western TV is available on cable; analog terrestrial TV was phased out in 2016-17; radio outlets focus on entertainment, with around a dozen stations on FM in Baku; newspaper distribution is largely limited to Baku (2023); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Internet country code: .az; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Internet users: percent of population: 89% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total: 2.15 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 21 (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Transportation5 fields

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: 4K; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Airports: 32 (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Heliports: 5 (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Railways: total: 2,944.3 km (2017) broad gauge: 2,944.3 km (2017) 1.520-m gauge (approx. 1,767 km electrified); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Merchant marine: total: 312 (2023) by type: general cargo 40, oil tanker 44, other 228; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Military and Security6 fields

Military and security forces: Azerbaijan Armed Forces: Land Forces, Air Forces, Navy Forces, Special Forces, State Border Service, Coast Guard Ministry of Internal Affairs: Internal Troops, local police forces; Special State Protection Service (SSPS): National Guard (2025) note: the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the State Security Service (intelligence, counterterrorism) are responsible for internal security; the SSPS is under the president and provides protective services to senior officials, foreign missions, significant state assets, government buildings, etc; the National Guard also serves as a reserve for the Army; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military expenditures: 5.1% of GDP (2024 est.) 4.5% of GDP (2023 est.) 4.5% of GDP (2022 est.) 5% of GDP (2021 est.) 5% of GDP (2020 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military and security service personnel strengths: information varies widely; estimated 100,000 active Armed Forces personnel (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: Baku has been actively upgrading the military's inventory for over a decade with equipment acquisitions from several sources, including Belarus, China, Israel, Russia, and Türkiye; while most of the military's equipment was once Soviet-era material, it now fields quantities of modern armaments, including armored vehicles, artillery systems, air defense systems, fighter aircraft, tanks, and UAVs (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military service age and obligation: 18-30 years of age for compulsory military service for men; 18-35 years of age voluntary/contractual service for men (18-40 for women volunteers); 18 months service for conscripts, 36 months for voluntary/contractual service (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military - note: the Azerbaijani military was established in 1991, although its origins go back to 1918; much of the military’s original equipment was acquired from former Soviet military forces that departed Azerbaijan by 1992; territorial defense is the military’s primary focus, particularly with regards to neighboring Armenia; a secondary focus is guarding against Iran; Armenia and Azerbaijan engaged in open conflicts over the Nagorno-Karabakh enclave in 1991-94 and 2020; tensions continued following the 2020 conflict, and Azerbaijan seized the entire enclave in 2023 key bilateral security relationships include Israel, Russia, and Turkiye; Azerbaijan's ties with Turkiye have included weapons transfers, technical advice, bilateral training exercises, and military support during its conflicts with Armenia; Azerbaijan is not part of NATO but has had a cooperative relationship with it dating back to when it joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1994 and has provided troops to NATO-led missions in Kosovo (1999-2008) and Afghanistan (2002-2014) (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Space3 fields

Space agency/agencies: Space Agency of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azercosmos; established 2010 as a state-owned satellite operating company); Azerbaijan National Aerospace Agency (NASA; Azərbaycan Milli Aerokosmik Agentliyi, MAKA; established 1992; since 2006, has operated under the Ministry of Defense Industry) (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Space program overview: largely focused on the acquisition and operation of satellites; operates foreign-built communications and remote sensing (RS) satellites; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and commercial entities, including those of China, the ESA (bilaterally with individual member states such as France), Israel, Russia, Turkey, and the US; Azercosmos is the largest satellite operator in the Caucasus region (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Key space-program milestones: 2013 - first communications satellite (Azerspace-1) built by US company and launched on European rocket 2014 - took operational control over remote sensing (RS) satellite (SPOT-7, now Azersky) from a French company (satellite ceased operations in 2023) 2017 - second communications satellite (Azerspace-2) built by US company and launched on European rocket 2023 - agreed to participate in China's International Lunar Research Station Cooperation project, which aims to establish a base on the Moon in the 2030s; signed agreement with Israel to jointly develop two multi-spectral RS satellites (Azersky-2 program) for scheduled launches in 2026 and 2028 (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Terrorism1 fields

Terrorist group(s): Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS); Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)/Qods Force note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Transnational Issues1 fields

Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees: 6,698 (2024 est.) IDPs: 657,996 (2024 est.) stateless persons: 271 (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

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Azerbaijan at a glance

Azerbaijan through time

Admitted to the United Nations

Changes since the final CIA profile

People, economy, and access

Maintained profile