World · permanent entity record · BM
Bermuda
Thirty-second orientation
Bermuda at a glance
- Capital
- name: Hamilton geographic coordinates: 32 17 N, 64 47 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November etymology: named after Henry HAMILTON, who served as governor of Bermuda from 1788 to 1794
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-08
- Population
- total: 72,800 (2024 est.) male: 35,401 female: 37,399
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-08
- Area
- total : 54 sq km land: 54 sq km water: 0 sq km
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-08
- Nationality / demonym
- noun: Bermudian(s) adjective: Bermudian
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-08
- Government
- Overseas Territory of the UK with limited self-government; parliamentary democracy
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-08
Claims are attributed · classifications are dated
Claims and contested status
Maintained classification
Dependency or area of special sovereignty
United Kingdom
U.S. Department of State, Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty · as of 2026-03-31A claim’s appearance records that the cited source reports it. It does not constitute an Almanac ruling on sovereignty.
Maintained profile
- Classification
- Dependency or area of special sovereignty
- U.S. Department of State, Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty · Federal classification and wording follow the current State Department register.
- Sovereignty or administration
- United Kingdom
- U.S. Department of State, Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty ·
- Administrative center
- Hamilton
- U.S. Department of State, Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty ·
Preserved public-domain record · not maintained current data
Final CIA World Factbook profile
This is the preserved historical baseline from the Factbook’s final public snapshot. It is presented as the CIA stated it, not as a current Standard American Almanac finding. Current, independently maintained facts appear above when available.
CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · profile updated · pinned source record · commit d81154954b8b
Introduction1 fields
- Background
- Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists heading for Virginia. Self-governing since 1620, Bermuda is the oldest and most populous of the British Overseas Territories. Vacationing on the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Tourism continues to be important for the island's economy, although international business has overtaken it in recent years as Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence from the UK was soundly defeated in 1995.
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Geography17 fields
- Location
- North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of South Carolina (US)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Area
- total : 54 sq km land: 54 sq km water: 0 sq km
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Area - comparative
- about one-third the size of Washington, D.C.
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Maritime claims
- territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Climate
- subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Terrain
- low hills separated by fertile depressions
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Elevation
- highest point: Town Hill 79 m lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Natural resources
- limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Land use
- agricultural land: 5.6% (2023 est.) arable land: 5.6% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.) permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.) forest: 14.4% (2023 est.) other: 80% (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Population distribution
- relatively even population distribution throughout
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Geography - note
- the archipelago consists of over 170 coral islands and islets with ample rainfall, as well as thousands of cays, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land was leased by the US Government from 1941 to 1995
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
People and Society25 fields
- Population
- total: 72,800 (2024 est.) male: 35,401 female: 37,399
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Nationality
- noun: Bermudian(s) adjective: Bermudian
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Ethnic groups
- African descent 52%, White 31%, mixed 9%, Asian 4%, other 4% (2010 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Religions
- Protestant 46.2% (includes Anglican 15.8%, African Methodist Episcopal 8.6%, Seventh Day Adventist 6.7%, Pentecostal 3.5%, Methodist 2.7%, Presbyterian 2.0%, Church of God 1.6%, Baptist 1.2%, Salvation Army 1.1%, Brethren 1.0%, other Protestant 2.0%), Roman Catholic 14.5%, Jehovah's Witness 1.3%, other Christian 9.1%, Muslim 1%, other 3.9%, none 17.8%, unspecified 6.2% (2010 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Age structure
- 0-14 years: 16.4% (male 6,133/female 5,817) 15-64 years: 60.9% (male 22,247/female 22,113) 65 years and over: 22.7% (2024 est.) (male 7,021/female 9,469)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Dependency ratios
- total dependency ratio: 64.1 (2024 est.) youth dependency ratio: 26.9 (2024 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 37.2 (2024 est.) potential support ratio: 2.7 (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Median age
- total: 43.9 years (2025 est.) male: 41.5 years female: 46.3 years
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Birth rate
- 10.82 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Death rate
- 9.4 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Net migration rate
- 1.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Population distribution
- relatively even population distribution throughout
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Urbanization
- urban population: 100% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: -0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Major urban areas - population
- 10,000 HAMILTON (capital) (2018)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Sex ratio
- at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Infant mortality rate
- total: 2.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 2.5 deaths/1,000 live births female: 1.8 deaths/1,000 live births
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Life expectancy at birth
- total population: 82.5 years (2024 est.) male: 79.4 years female: 85.7 years
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Total fertility rate
- 1.88 children born/woman (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Drinking water source
- urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.) total: 99.9% of population (2022 est.) urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.) total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Sanitation facility access
- urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.) total: 99.9% of population (2022 est.) urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.) total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Currently married women (ages 15-49)
- 49.7% (2016 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Education expenditure
- 1.9% of GDP (2023 est.) 7.8% national budget (2017 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
- total: 12 years (2023 est.) male: 11 years (2023 est.) female: 12 years (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Environment6 fields
- Environmental issues
- air pollution from vehicle emissions; scarce water resources; solid waste disposal; hazardous waste disposal; sewage disposal; overfishing; oil spills
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Climate
- subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Land use
- agricultural land: 5.6% (2023 est.) arable land: 5.6% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.) permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.) forest: 14.4% (2023 est.) other: 80% (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Urbanization
- urban population: 100% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: -0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Carbon dioxide emissions
- 577,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 9 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 577,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Waste and recycling
- municipal solid waste generated annually: 82,000 tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 2% (2012 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Government26 fields
- Country name
- conventional long form: none conventional short form: Bermuda former: Somers Islands etymology: named after Juan de BERMUDEZ, an early 16th-century Spanish sea captain and the first European explorer of the archipelago
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Government type
- Overseas Territory of the UK with limited self-government; parliamentary democracy
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Capital
- name: Hamilton geographic coordinates: 32 17 N, 64 47 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November etymology: named after Henry HAMILTON, who served as governor of Bermuda from 1788 to 1794
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Administrative divisions
- 9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint George's, Sandys, Smith's, Southampton, Warwick
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Constitution
- history: several previous (dating to 1684); latest entered into force 8 June 1968 (Bermuda Constitution Order 1968) amendment process: proposal procedure - NA; passage by an Order in Council in the UK
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- International law organization participation
- has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Citizenship
- citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of the UK dual citizenship recognized: yes residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Executive branch
- chief of state: King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor Andrew MURDOCH (since 23 January 2025) head of government: Premier David BURT (since 19 July 2017) cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the premier, approved by the governor election/appointment process: the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the governor usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as the premier
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Legislative branch
- legislature name: Parliament legislative structure: bicameral
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Legislative branch - lower chamber
- chamber name: House of Assembly number of seats: 36 (directly elected) electoral system: plurality/majority scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 5 years most recent election date: 10/1/2020 parties elected and seats per party: PLP (30); OBA (6) percentage of women in chamber: 20% expected date of next election: 2025
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Legislative branch - upper chamber
- chamber name: Senate number of seats: 11 (appointed) term in office: 5 years most recent election date: 2022 percentage of women in chamber: 63.6% expected date of next election: 2027
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Judicial branch
- highest court(s): Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and at least 2 justices); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, 4 puisne judges, and 1 associate justice); the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London) is the court of final appeal judge selection and term of office: Court of Appeal justice appointed by the governor; justice tenure by individual appointment; Supreme Court judges nominated by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission and appointed by the governor; judge tenure based on terms of appointment subordinate courts: commercial court (began in 2006); magistrates' courts
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Political parties
- Free Democratic Movement or FDM One Bermuda Alliance or OBA Progressive Labor Party or PLP
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Diplomatic representation in the US
- none (overseas territory of the UK)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Diplomatic representation from the US
- chief of mission: Consul General Antoinette HURTADO (since 27 March 2025) embassy: US Consulate Bermuda, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire, DV 03, Bermuda mailing address: 5300 Hamilton Place, Washington, DC 20520-5300 telephone: (441) 295-1342 FAX: (441) 295-1592 email address and website: HamiltonConsulate@state.gov https://bm.usconsulate.gov/ consulate(s) general: 16 Middle Road, Devonshire DV O3
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- International organization participation
- Caricom (associate), ICC (NGOs), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, ITUC (NGOs), UPU, WCO
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Independence
- none (overseas territory of the UK)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National holiday
- Bermuda Day, 24 May note: formerly known as Victoria Day, Empire Day, and Commonwealth Day
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Flag
- description: a red field with the UK flag in the upper-left quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms centered on the right half of the flag; the coat of arms is a white shield with a red lion on a green field, holding a scroll showing the sinking of the ship "Sea Venture" history: the 1609 shipwreck of the "Sea Venture" led to the settling of Bermuda note: Bermuda is the only British overseas territory that uses a red field on its flag; all others use blue
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National coat of arms
- Bermuda's coat of arms was formally granted by Royal Warrant on 4 October 1910 but has been in use since at least 1624; the red lion is a symbol of Great Britain; the Latin motto under the coat of arms, Quo Fata Ferunt, means "Whither the Fates Carry [Us];" the ship is the Sea Venture, an English ship that was wrecked on then-uninhabited Bermuda in 1609
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National anthem(s)
- title: "Hail to Bermuda" lyrics/music: Bette JOHNS history: serves as a local anthem _____ title: "God Save the King" lyrics/music: unknown history: official anthem, as a UK territory
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National heritage
- total World Heritage Sites: 1 (cultural); note - excerpted from the UK entry selected World Heritage Site locales: Historic Town of St. George and Related Fortifications
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Economy21 fields
- Economic overview
- small, tourism- and construction-based, territorial-island economy; American import and tourist destination; known offshore banking hub; increasing inflation; major re-exportation and re-importation area
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
- $6.808 billion (2024 est.) $6.667 billion (2023 est.) $6.355 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Real GDP growth rate
- 2.1% (2024 est.) 4.9% (2023 est.) 6.5% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Real GDP per capita
- $105,300 (2024 est.) $103,100 (2023 est.) $98,100 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- GDP (official exchange rate)
- $8.98 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Inflation rate (consumer prices)
- 2.8% (2022 est.) 1.4% (2021 est.) 0% (2020 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- GDP - composition, by sector of origin
- agriculture: 0.2% (2023 est.) industry: 4.6% (2023 est.) services: 91.5% (2023 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- GDP - composition, by end use
- household consumption: 45.6% (2024 est.) government consumption: 11% (2024 est.) investment in fixed capital: 11.3% (2024 est.) investment in inventories: 0% (2024 est.) exports of goods and services: 56.3% (2024 est.) imports of goods and services: -24.2% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Agricultural products
- bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products, honey
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Industries
- international business, tourism, light manufacturing
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Industrial production growth rate
- -3.6% (2023 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Remittances
- 23.7% of GDP (2023 est.) 22.3% of GDP (2022 est.) 22.7% of GDP (2021 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Budget
- revenues: $999.2 million (2017 est.) expenditures: $1.176 billion (2017 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Current account balance
- $1.32 billion (2023 est.) $1.135 billion (2022 est.) $962.258 million (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exports
- $1.599 billion (2023 est.) $1.425 billion (2022 est.) $1.136 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exports - partners
- Germany 40%, South Africa 38%, Netherlands 15%, USA 2%, Angola 2% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exports - commodities
- crude petroleum, ships, aircraft, liquor, railway cargo containers (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Imports
- $2.3 billion (2023 est.) $2.235 billion (2022 est.) $1.925 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Imports - partners
- USA 38%, Cyprus 31%, UK 6%, China 6%, Canada 4% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Imports - commodities
- ships, refined petroleum, railway cargo containers, packaged medicine, cars (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exchange rates
- Bermudian dollars (BMD) per US dollar - 1 (2024 est.) 1 (2023 est.) 1 (2022 est.) 1 (2021 est.) 1 (2020 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Energy6 fields
- Electricity access
- electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Electricity
- installed generating capacity: 172,000 kW (2023 est.) consumption: 590.38 million kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 43.172 million kWh (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Electricity generation sources
- fossil fuels: 99% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Coal
- consumption: 4 metric tons (2023 est.) imports: 4 metric tons (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Petroleum
- refined petroleum consumption: 4,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Energy consumption per capita
- 122.737 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Communications6 fields
- Telephones - fixed lines
- total subscriptions: 25,000 (2021 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 39 (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Telephones - mobile cellular
- total subscriptions: 68,164 (2022 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 97 (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Broadcast media
- 3 TV stations; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; roughly 13 radio stations operating
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Internet users
- percent of population: 98% (2017 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Broadband - fixed subscriptions
- total: 23,000 (2022 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 36 (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Transportation4 fields
- Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
- VP-B
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Merchant marine
- total: 122 (2023) by type: container ship 15, oil tanker 8, other 99
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Ports
- total ports: 4 (2024) large: 0 medium: 1 small: 2 very small: 0 size unknown: 1 ports with oil terminals: 3 key ports: Freeport, Hamilton, Ireland Island, St. George
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Military and Security5 fields
- Military and security forces
- Royal Bermuda Regiment; Bermuda Police Service (2025) note: the Royal Bermuda Regiment (aka "The Regiment") includes the Royal Bermuda Regiment Coast Guard
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military and security service personnel strengths
- the Royal Bermuda Regiment has about 350 troops (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
- the Regiment is equipped with small arms (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military service age and obligation
- men and women who are Commonwealth citizens and 18-45 years of age can volunteer for the Bermuda Regiment; service is for a minimum period of three years and two months from the date of enlistment; after completing their initial service, soldiers in the Regiment can choose to extend their service (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military - note
- defense is the responsibility of the UK; the Royal Bermuda Regiment’s responsibilities include maritime security of Bermuda’s inshore waters, search and rescue, ceremonial duties, humanitarian/disaster assistance, security of key installations, and assisting the Bermuda Police with maintaining public order; it includes explosive ordnance disposal, diver, maritime, security police, and support units (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
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