World · permanent entity record · CB

Cambodia

Thirty-second orientation

Cambodia at a glance

Capital: Phnom Penh; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Population: 17,847,982; World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025
Area: 181,035 sq km; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Nationality / demonym: noun: Cambodian(s); adjective: Cambodian; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Government: parliamentary constitutional monarchy; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Languages: Khmer (official) 95.8%, minority languages 2.9%, Chinese 0.6%, Vietnamese 0.5%, other 0.2% (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04

Independently structured milestones · not a complete national history

Cambodia through time

1955-12-14
Admitted to the United Nations
Cambodia became a member of the United Nations.
United Nations, Member States · source checked 2026-09-04

Source history · changed fields only

Changes since the final CIA profile

Field	Maintained Almanac value	Final CIA profile
Population	17,847,982World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025	total: 17,230,333 (2025 est.) male: 8,362,224 female: 8,868,109CIA World Factbook · as of 2026-01-20

A difference may reflect a newer observation, a revised estimate, or a different source definition. This table reports the values and dates; it does not manufacture a trend.

World Development Indicators · latest available observation

People, economy, and access

Observation years vary by measure. Each row identifies the series and year instead of presenting unlike dates as one current snapshot.

Gross domestic product: $51.3 billion; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Gross domestic product per person: $2,872; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Life expectancy at birth: 70.8 years; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Urban population: 41.1%; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Access to electricity: 99.2%; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS. Underlying providers: World Bank ESMAP, Tracking SDG 7. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
People using the internet: 68.5%; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS. Underlying providers: International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved 2026-09-08.

World Development Indicators data are provided under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). The linked indicator metadata identifies the underlying statistical providers.

Maintained profile

Capital: Phnom Penh; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04The nation set and displayed federal short name follow the current State Department independent-states register, dated August 11, 2026.
Area: 181,035 sq km; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04Final CIA source data preserved by a community mirror after the Factbook was retired; the mirror is not the issuing authority.
Population: 17,847,982; World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.POP.TOTL. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Currency: riels (KHR); CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04Currency label extracted from the Factbook exchange-rate field.
Languages: Khmer (official) 95.8%, minority languages 2.9%, Chinese 0.6%, Vietnamese 0.5%, other 0.2% (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04Factbook language listing reproduced without inferring official status beyond the source wording.
Nationality / demonym: noun: Cambodian(s); adjective: Cambodian; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04The source’s noun and adjective forms are retained. These are language labels, not evidence of any individual person’s citizenship.
Government: parliamentary constitutional monarchy; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
UN membership: 1955-12-14; United Nations, Member States · as of 2026-09-04
Continent: Asia; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Continental label standardized from the archived profile region “East and Southeast Asia.”
Coastline: 443 km; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Climate: tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Religions: Buddhist (official) 97.1%, Muslim 2%, Christian 0.3%, other 0.5% (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Flag colors: blue, red, white, black; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Colors extracted from the flag description in the preserved final CIA profile.
National symbol: Angkor Wat temple, kouprey (wild ox); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Highest point: Phnum Aoral · 5,938 ft (1,810 m); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Lowest point: Gulf of Thailand · 0 ft (0 m); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
NATO membership: Not a member; NATO, What is NATO? · as of 2026-09-06Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.
BRICS membership: Not a member; BRICS Brazil, About the BRICS · as of 2026-09-06Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.

Preserved public-domain record · not maintained current data

Final CIA World Factbook profile

This is the preserved historical baseline from the Factbook’s final public snapshot. It is presented as the CIA stated it, not as a current Standard American Almanac finding. Current, independently maintained facts appear above when available.

CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · profile updated 2026-01-20 · pinned source record · commit d81154954b8b

Introduction1 fields

Background: Most Cambodians consider themselves to be Khmers, descendants of the Angkor Empire that extended over much of Southeast Asia and reached its zenith between the 10th and 13th centuries. Attacks by the Thai and Cham (from present-day Vietnam) weakened the empire, ushering in a long period of decline. The king placed the country under French protection in 1863, and it became part of French Indochina in 1887. Following Japanese occupation in World War II, Cambodia gained full independence from France in 1953. In 1975, after a seven-year struggle, communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh and evacuated all cities and towns. At least 1.5 million Cambodians died from execution, forced hardships, or starvation during the Khmer Rouge regime under POL POT. A 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside, began a 10-year Vietnamese occupation, and touched off 13 years of internecine warfare in which a coalition of Khmer Rouge, Cambodian nationalists, and royalist insurgents, with assistance from China, fought the Vietnamese-backed People’s Republic of Kampuchea (PRK). The 1991 Paris Agreements ended the country’s civil war and mandated democratic elections, which took place in 1993 and ushered in a period of multi-party democracy with a constitutional monarchy. King Norodom SIHANOUK was reinstated as head of state, and the Cambodian People's Party (CPP) and the royalist FUNCINPEC party formed a coalition government. Nevertheless, the power-sharing arrangement proved fractious and fragile, and in 1997, a coup led by CPP leader and former PRK prime minister HUN SEN dissolved the coalition and sidelined FUNCINPEC. Despite further attempts at coalition governance, the CPP has since remained in power through elections criticized for lacking fairness, political and judicial corruption, media control, and influence over labor unions, all of which have been enforced with violence and intimidation. HUN SEN remained as prime minister until 2023, when he transferred power to his son, HUN MANET. HUN SEN has subsequently maintained considerable influence as the leader of the CPP and the Senate. The CPP has also placed limits on civil society, press freedom, and freedom of expression. Despite some economic growth and considerable investment from China over the past decade, Cambodia remains one of East Asia's poorest countries. The remaining elements of the Khmer Rouge surrendered in 1999. A UN-backed special tribunal established in Cambodia in 1997 tried some of the surviving Khmer Rouge leaders for crimes against humanity and genocide. The tribunal concluded in 2022 with three convictions.; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Geography20 fields

Location: Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Geographic coordinates: 13 00 N, 105 00 E; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Map references: Southeast Asia; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Area: total : 181,035 sq km land: 176,515 sq km water: 4,520 sq km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Area - comparative: 1.5 times the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Oklahoma; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Land boundaries: total: 2,530 km border countries (3): Laos 555 km; Thailand 817 km; Vietnam 1158 km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Coastline: 443 km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Climate: tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Terrain: mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Elevation: highest point: Phnum Aoral 1,810 m lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m mean elevation: 126 m; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Natural resources: oil and gas, timber, gemstones, iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential, arable land; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Land use: agricultural land: 34.9% (2023 est.) arable land: 23.3% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 3% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 8.5% (2023 est.) forest: 39.4% (2023 est.) other: 25.8% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Irrigated land: 3,540 sq km (2012); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Major lakes (area sq km): fresh water lake(s): Tonle Sap - 2,700-16,000 sq km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Major rivers (by length in km): Mekong (shared with China [s], Burma, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam [m]) - 4,350 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Major watersheds (area sq km): Pacific Ocean drainage: Mekong (805,604 sq km); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Population distribution: population concentrated in the southeast, particularly in and around the capital of Phnom Penh; further distribution is linked closely to the Tonle Sap and Mekong Rivers; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Natural hazards: monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Geography - note: a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap (Southeast Asia's largest freshwater lake); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

People and Society36 fields

Population: total: 17,230,333 (2025 est.) male: 8,362,224 female: 8,868,109; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Nationality: noun: Cambodian(s) adjective: Cambodian; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Ethnic groups: Khmer 95.4%, Cham 2.4%, Chinese 1.5%, other 0.7% (2019-20 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Languages: Khmer (official) 95.8%, minority languages 2.9%, Chinese 0.6%, Vietnamese 0.5%, other 0.2% (2019 est.) major-language sample(s): សៀវភៅហេតុការណនៅលើពិភពលោក។ ទីតាំងពត៏មានមូលដានគ្រឹះយាងសំខាន់។. (Khmer) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Religions: Buddhist (official) 97.1%, Muslim 2%, Christian 0.3%, other 0.5% (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Age structure: 0-14 years: 28.9% (male 2,497,056/female 2,436,618) 15-64 years: 65.8% (male 5,456,941/female 5,765,206) 65 years and over: 5.3% (2024 est.) (male 323,591/female 584,257); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 51.2 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 42.9 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 8.4 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 11.9 (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Median age: total: 28.3 years (2025 est.) male: 26.9 years female: 28.9 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Population growth rate: 0.95% (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Birth rate: 17.74 births/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Death rate: 5.62 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Net migration rate: -2.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Population distribution: population concentrated in the southeast, particularly in and around the capital of Phnom Penh; further distribution is linked closely to the Tonle Sap and Mekong Rivers; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Urbanization: urban population: 25.6% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 3.06% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Major urban areas - population: 2.281 million PHNOM PENH (capital) (2023); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.55 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Mother's mean age at first birth: 23.3 years (2021-22 est.) note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Maternal mortality ratio: 137 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Infant mortality rate: total: 27.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 31.3 deaths/1,000 live births female: 24.4 deaths/1,000 live births; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 71.4 years (2024 est.) male: 69.6 years female: 73.3 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Total fertility rate: 2.14 children born/woman (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Gross reproduction rate: 1.05 (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Drinking water source: urban: 93.6% of population (2022 est.) rural: 72.8% of population (2022 est.) total: 78% of population (2022 est.) urban: 6.4% of population (2022 est.) rural: 27.2% of population (2022 est.) total: 22% of population (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Health expenditure: 7.5% of GDP (2021) 7% of national budget (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Physician density: 0.21 physicians/1,000 population (2019); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Hospital bed density: 0.7 beds/1,000 population (2018 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Sanitation facility access: urban: 100% of population (2022 est.) rural: 79.6% of population (2022 est.) total: 84.7% of population (2022 est.) urban: 0% of population (2022 est.) rural: 20.4% of population (2022 est.) total: 15.3% of population (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Obesity - adult prevalence rate: 3.9% (2016); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Alcohol consumption per capita: total: 4.56 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 4.12 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 0.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 0.41 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Tobacco use: total: 14.5% (2025 est.) male: 24.9% (2025 est.) female: 4.7% (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 16.3% (2021 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Currently married women (ages 15-49): 67.2% (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Child marriage: women married by age 15: 1.9% (2022) women married by age 18: 17.9% (2022) men married by age 18: 3.3% (2022); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Education expenditure: 2.2% of GDP (2023 est.) 11.6% national budget (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Literacy: total population: 71.9% (2021 est.) male: 81.5% (2021 est.) female: 63.6% (2021 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 11 years (2023 est.) male: 11 years (2023 est.) female: 11 years (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Environment10 fields

Environmental issues: habitat and biodiversity loss from illegal logging and strip mining; destruction of mangrove swamps; soil erosion; limited access to potable water in rural areas; illegal fishing and overfishing; deforestation leading to sediment build-up in coastal ecosystems; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
International environmental agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Climate: tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Land use: agricultural land: 34.9% (2023 est.) arable land: 23.3% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 3% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 8.5% (2023 est.) forest: 39.4% (2023 est.) other: 25.8% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Urbanization: urban population: 25.6% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 3.06% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Carbon dioxide emissions: 18.779 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 8.026 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 10.753 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Particulate matter emissions: 18.4 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually: 1.089 million tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 12.4% (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Total water withdrawal: municipal: 98 million cubic meters (2022 est.) industrial: 33 million cubic meters (2022 est.) agricultural: 2.053 billion cubic meters (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Total renewable water resources: 476.1 billion cubic meters (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Government26 fields

Country name: conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia conventional short form: Cambodia local long form: Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea (phonetic transliteration) local short form: Kampuchea former: Khmer Republic, Democratic Kampuchea, People's Republic of Kampuchea, State of Cambodia etymology: the name is derived from Kambu, a legendary ancestor of the Cambodian people; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Government type: parliamentary constitutional monarchy; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Capital: name: Phnom Penh geographic coordinates: 11 33 N, 104 55 E time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: the name means "mountain of plenty," from the Cambodian words phnom (mountain or hill) and penh (full); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Administrative divisions: 24 provinces (khett, singular and plural) and 1 municipality (krong, singular and plural) provinces: Banteay Meanchey, Battambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Speu, Kampong Thom, Kampot, Kandal, Kep, Koh Kong, Kratie, Mondolkiri, Oddar Meanchey, Pailin, Preah Sihanouk, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Pursat, Ratanakiri, Siem Reap, Stung Treng, Svay Rieng, Takeo, Tbong Khmum municipalities: Phnom Penh (Phnum Penh); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Legal system: civil law system (influenced by the UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia), customary law, Communist legal theory, and common law; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Constitution: history: previous 1947; latest promulgated 21 September 1993 amendment process: proposed by the monarch, by the prime minister, or by the president of the National Assembly if supported by one fourth of the Assembly membership; passage requires two-thirds majority of the Assembly membership; constitutional articles on the multiparty democratic form of government and the monarchy cannot be amended; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Citizenship: citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Cambodia dual citizenship recognized: yes residency requirement for naturalization: 7 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Executive branch: chief of state: King Norodom SIHAMONI (since 29 October 2004) head of government: Prime Minister HUN MANET (since 22 August 2023) cabinet: Council of Ministers named by the prime minister and appointed by the monarch election/appointment process: monarch chosen by the 9-member Royal Council of the Throne from among all eligible males of royal descent; after legislative elections, a member of the majority party or majority coalition is named prime minister by the Chairman of the National Assembly and appointed by the monarch note: MANET succeeded his father, HUN SEN, who had been prime minister since 1985; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Legislative branch: legislature name: Parliament legislative structure: bicameral; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Legislative branch - lower chamber: chamber name: National Assembly (Radhsphea Ney Preah Recheanachakr Kampuchea) number of seats: 125 (all directly elected) electoral system: proportional representation scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 5 years most recent election date: 7/23/2023 parties elected and seats per party: Cambodian People's Party (CPP) (120); United National Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful and Co-operative Cambodia (FUNCINPEC) (5) percentage of women in chamber: 13.6% expected date of next election: July 2028; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Legislative branch - upper chamber: chamber name: Senate number of seats: 62 (60 indirectly elected; 2 appointed) scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 6 years most recent election date: 2/25/2024 percentage of women in chamber: 19.4% expected date of next election: February 2030; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Judicial branch: highest court(s): Supreme Council (organized into 5- and 9-judge panels and includes a court chief and deputy chief); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Constitutional Council judge candidates recommended by the Supreme Council of Magistracy, a 17-member body chaired by the monarch and includes other high-level judicial officers; judges of both courts appointed by the monarch; Supreme Court judges appointed for life; Constitutional Council judges appointed for 9-year terms with one third of the court renewed every 3 years subordinate courts: Appellate Court; provincial and municipal courts; Military Court; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Political parties: Cambodian People's Party (CPP) United National Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful and Co-operative Cambodia (FUNCINPEC) note: the Cambodian Government has disqualified the main opposition Candlelight Party; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Koy KUONG (since 11 June 2025) chancery: 4530 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011 telephone: [1] (202) 726-7742 FAX: [1] (202) 726-8381 email address and website: camemb.usa@mfaic.gov.kh https://www.embassyofcambodiadc.org/; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Bridgette L. WALKER (since August 2024) embassy: #1, Street 96, Sangkat Wat Phnom, Khan Daun Penh, Phnom Penh mailing address: 4540 Phnom Penh Place, Washington DC 20521-4540 telephone: [855] (23) 728-000 FAX: [855] (23) 728-700 email address and website: ACSPhnomPenh@state.gov https://kh.usembassy.gov/; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
International organization participation: ADB, ARF, ASEAN, CICA, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Independence: 9 November 1953 (from France); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National holiday: Independence Day, 9 November (1953); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Flag: description: three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double-width), and blue; a three-towered, stylized white temple outlined in black is in the center of the red band, representing Angkor Wat meaning: red and blue are traditional Cambodian colors note: only national flag to prominently incorporate an identifiable building into its design; Afghanistan, San Marino, Portugal, and Spain show small generic buildings as part of their coats of arms on the flag; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National symbol(s): Angkor Wat temple, kouprey (wild ox); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National color(s): red, blue; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National coat of arms: Cambodia’s coat of arms is also the Royal Arms of Cambodia; the lions symbolize strength, courage, and the divine protection of the monarchs; the lion on the left is a gajasingha (a lion with an elephant’s trunk), and the lion on the right is a rajasingha (royal lion); both hold five-tiered umbrellas representing the king and queen, and they stand on a blue ribbon that says “Preah Chao Krung Kampuche”' (King of the Kingdom of Cambodia); between the lions is a crown with the Unalome, the Buddhist and Hindu symbol for the spiritual path to enlightenment, under it and a ray of light on top; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National anthem(s): title: "Nokoreach" (Royal Kingdom) lyrics/music: CHUON NAT/F. PERRUCHOT and J. JEKYLL history: adopted 1941, restored 1993; the anthem, based on a Cambodian folk tune, was restored after the defeat of the Communist regime; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National heritage: total World Heritage Sites: 5 (all cultural) selected World Heritage Site locales: Angkor; Temple of Preah Vihear; Sambor Prei Kuk; Koh Ker: Archaeological Site of Ancient Lingapora or Chok Gargyar; Cambodian Memorial Sites: From centres of repression to places of peace and reflection (c); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Economy29 fields

Economic overview: one of the fastest growing Southeast Asian economies; rebounding tourism and clothing exports; substantial manufacturing and construction sectors; new trade agreements expanding agricultural markets; significant public debt; investing in new ports and roads; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $123.676 billion (2024 est.) $116.658 billion (2023 est.) $111.095 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Real GDP growth rate: 6% (2024 est.) 5% (2023 est.) 5.1% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Real GDP per capita: $7,000 (2024 est.) $6,700 (2023 est.) $6,500 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
GDP (official exchange rate): $46.353 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.1% (2023 est.) 5.3% (2022 est.) 2.9% (2021 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 16.6% (2024 est.) industry: 41.8% (2024 est.) services: 35.6% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 59.8% (2024 est.) government consumption: 5.8% (2024 est.) investment in fixed capital: 31.6% (2024 est.) investment in inventories: 0.6% (2024 est.) exports of goods and services: 71.4% (2024 est.) imports of goods and services: -72.1% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Agricultural products: cassava, rice, maize, sugarcane, vegetables, oil palm fruit, rubber, bananas, jute, pork (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Industries: tourism, garments, construction, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Industrial production growth rate: 9.5% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Labor force: 9.904 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Unemployment rate: 0.3% (2024 est.) 0.3% (2023 est.) 0.3% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total: 0.8% (2024 est.) male: 0.7% (2024 est.) female: 0.9% (2024 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Average household expenditures: on food: 40.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.) on alcohol and tobacco: 1.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Remittances: 6.1% of GDP (2024 est.) 6.6% of GDP (2023 est.) 6.5% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Budget: revenues: $7.076 billion (2023 est.) expenditures: $8.285 billion (2023 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Public debt: 50.3% of GDP (2023 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Taxes and other revenues: 12.2% (of GDP) (2023 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Current account balance: $222.108 million (2024 est.) $552.346 million (2023 est.) -$7.582 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Exports: $31.712 billion (2024 est.) $27.753 billion (2023 est.) $25.497 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Exports - partners: USA 36%, Germany 6%, China 6%, Japan 6%, Thailand 5% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Exports - commodities: garments, semiconductors, trunks and cases, footwear, gold (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Imports: $34.329 billion (2024 est.) $29.421 billion (2023 est.) $34.759 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Imports - partners: China 39%, Thailand 20%, Vietnam 12%, Singapore 6%, Indonesia 3% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Imports - commodities: refined petroleum, fabric, gold, plastic products, synthetic fabric (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $22.506 billion (2024 est.) $19.984 billion (2023 est.) $17.801 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Debt - external: $8.019 billion (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Exchange rates: riels (KHR) per US dollar - 4,072.397 (2024 est.) 4,110.653 (2023 est.) 4,102.038 (2022 est.) 4,098.723 (2021 est.) 4,092.783 (2020 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Energy6 fields

Electricity access: electrification - total population: 92.3% (2022 est.) electrification - urban areas: 99% electrification - rural areas: 88%; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Electricity: installed generating capacity: 3.673 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 16.998 billion kWh (2023 est.) imports: 5.096 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 1.882 billion kWh (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels: 55.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 5.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 38.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Coal: production: 27,000 metric tons (2023 est.) consumption: 4.39 million metric tons (2023 est.) imports: 4.36 million metric tons (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Petroleum: refined petroleum consumption: 77,000 bbl/day (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Energy consumption per capita: 15.664 million Btu/person (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Communications6 fields

Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 29,100 (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2024 est.) less than 1; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 20.5 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 116 (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Broadcast media: mix of state-owned, joint public-private, and privately owned broadcast media; 27 TV stations, with most operating on multiple channels, including 1 state-operated station with multiple locations and 11 stations either jointly operated or privately owned, some with several locations; multi-channel cable and satellite systems; 84 radio stations, including 1 state-owned broadcaster with multiple stations and a mix of public and private broadcasters; one international broadcaster is available, as well as one TV station that is jointly run by China and the Ministry of Interior; several TV and radio operators broadcast online only (often via Facebook) (2019); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Internet country code: .kh; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Internet users: percent of population: 61% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total: 510,000 (2022 est.) Slowly increase as focus is on mobile internet subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Transportation6 fields

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: XU; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Airports: 12 (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Heliports: 1 (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Railways: total: 642 km (2014) narrow gauge: 642 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge note: under restoration; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Merchant marine: total: 195 (2023) by type: container ship 2, general cargo 123, oil tanker 18, other 52; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Ports: total ports: 2 (2024) large: 0 medium: 1 small: 0 very small: 1 ports with oil terminals: 1 key ports: Kampong Saom, Phsar Ream; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Military and Security7 fields

Military and security forces: Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF): Royal Cambodian Army, Royal Khmer Navy, Royal Cambodian Air Force, Royal Gendarmerie (Military Police); National Committee for Maritime Security (2025) note 1: the National Committee for Maritime Security performs coast guard functions and has representation from military and civilian agencies note 2: the Cambodian National Police are under the Ministry of Interior; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military expenditures: 1.5% of GDP (2024 est.) 1.5% of GDP (2023 est.) 2.1% of GDP (2022 est.) 2.3% of GDP (2021 est.) 2.3% of GDP (2020 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military and security service personnel strengths: information varies; estimated 200,000 Armed Forces, including Gendarmerie (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: the RCAF is armed largely with older Chinese and Russian/Soviet origin armaments; in recent years it has received limited amounts of more modern equipment from several suppliers, particularly China (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military service age and obligation: 18 is the legal minimum age for military service for men and women (2025) note: in 2006, Cambodia's parliament approved a law requiring all Cambodians aged 18 to 30 to serve in the military for 18 months, although the law has never been enforced (service was to be voluntary for women); in 2025, the Cambodian Government announced that the 2006 conscription law would be enforced beginning in 2026 and have a 24-month service requirement; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military deployments: 340 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 180 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military - note: the primary responsibilities of the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF) are border, coastal, and internal security; key security partners include China and Vietnam; in July 2025, following months of rising tensions, the RCAF and the military forces of Thailand clashed in multiple locations along their disputed border; both sides blamed the other for provoking the five-day conflict, which included cross-border artillery shelling by both sides and air attacks by RTARF fighter aircraft and drones the RCAF was re-established in 1993 under the first coalition government from the merger of the Cambodian Government’s military forces (Cambodian People’s Armed Forces) and the two non-communist resistance forces (Sihanoukist National Army, aka National Army for Khmer Independence, and the Khmer People's National Liberation Armed Forces); thousands of communist Khmer Rouge fighters began surrendering by 1994 under a government amnesty program and the last of the Khmer Rouge forces (National Army of Democratic Kampuchea) were demobilized or absorbed into the RCAF in 1999 (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Transnational Issues2 fields

Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees: 28 (2024 est.) IDPs: 2,526 (2024 est.) stateless persons: 75,000 (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Trafficking in persons: tier rating: Tier 3 — Cambodia does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so, therefore, Cambodia remained on Tier 3; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/cambodia/; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

The underlying United States government material is public domain. The Almanac’s reuse terms do not change the legal status of this preserved source layer.

Cambodia at a glance

Cambodia through time

Admitted to the United Nations

Changes since the final CIA profile

People, economy, and access

Maintained profile