World · permanent entity record · CU

Cuba

Thirty-second orientation

Cuba at a glance

Capital: Havana; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Population: 10,937,203; World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025
Area: 110,860 sq km; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Nationality / demonym: noun: Cuban(s); adjective: Cuban; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Government: communist state; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Languages: Spanish (official); CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04

Independently structured milestones · not a complete national history

Cuba through time

1945-10-24
Admitted to the United Nations
Cuba became a member of the United Nations.
United Nations, Member States · source checked 2026-09-04

Source history · changed fields only

Changes since the final CIA profile

Field	Maintained Almanac value	Final CIA profile
Population	10,937,203World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025	total: 10,059,519 (2025 est.) male: 4,950,615 female: 5,108,904CIA World Factbook · as of 2026-01-20

A difference may reflect a newer observation, a revised estimate, or a different source definition. This table reports the values and dates; it does not manufacture a trend.

World Development Indicators · latest available observation

People, economy, and access

Observation years vary by measure. Each row identifies the series and year instead of presenting unlike dates as one current snapshot.

Gross domestic product: $107.4 billion; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD · observation year 2020 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2020; indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Gross domestic product per person: $9,605; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD · observation year 2020 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2020; indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Life expectancy at birth: 78.3 years; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Urban population: 77.2%; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Access to electricity: 100.0%; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS. Underlying providers: World Bank ESMAP, Tracking SDG 7. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
People using the internet: 70.5%; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS. Underlying providers: International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved 2026-09-08.

World Development Indicators data are provided under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). The linked indicator metadata identifies the underlying statistical providers.

Maintained profile

Capital: Havana; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04The nation set and displayed federal short name follow the current State Department independent-states register, dated August 11, 2026.
Area: 110,860 sq km; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04Final CIA source data preserved by a community mirror after the Factbook was retired; the mirror is not the issuing authority.
Population: 10,937,203; World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.POP.TOTL. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Currency: Cuban pesos (CUP); CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04Currency label extracted from the Factbook exchange-rate field.
Languages: Spanish (official); CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04Factbook language listing reproduced without inferring official status beyond the source wording.
Nationality / demonym: noun: Cuban(s); adjective: Cuban; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04The source’s noun and adjective forms are retained. These are language labels, not evidence of any individual person’s citizenship.
Government: communist state; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
UN membership: 1945-10-24; United Nations, Member States · as of 2026-09-04
Continent: North America; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Continental label standardized from the archived profile region “Central America and the Caribbean.”
Coastline: 3,735 km; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Climate: tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Religions: Christian 58.9%, folk religion 17.6%, Buddhist note: folk religions include religions of African origin, spiritualism, and others intermingled with Catholicism or Protestantism; data is estimative because no authoritative source on religious affiliation exists for Cuba; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Flag colors: blue, white, red; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Colors extracted from the flag description in the preserved final CIA profile.
National symbol: royal palm; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Highest point: Pico Turquino · 6,476 ft (1,974 m); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Lowest point: Caribbean Sea · 0 ft (0 m); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
NATO membership: Not a member; NATO, What is NATO? · as of 2026-09-06Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.
BRICS membership: Not a member; BRICS Brazil, About the BRICS · as of 2026-09-06Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.

Preserved public-domain record · not maintained current data

Final CIA World Factbook profile

This is the preserved historical baseline from the Factbook’s final public snapshot. It is presented as the CIA stated it, not as a current Standard American Almanac finding. Current, independently maintained facts appear above when available.

CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · profile updated 2026-01-20 · pinned source record · commit d81154954b8b

Introduction1 fields

Background: The native Amerindian population of Cuba began to decline after the arrival of Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492, as the country was developed as a Spanish colony during the next several centuries. Large numbers of African slaves were imported to work the coffee and sugar plantations, and Havana became the launching point for the annual treasure fleets bound for Spain from Mexico and Peru. Spanish rule eventually provoked an independence movement, and occasional rebellions were harshly suppressed. US intervention during the Spanish-American War in 1898 assisted the Cubans in overthrowing Spanish rule. The Treaty of Paris established Cuban independence from Spain in 1898, and after three-and-a-half years of subsequent US military rule, Cuba became an independent republic in 1902. Cuba then experienced a string of governments mostly dominated by the military and corrupt politicians. Fidel CASTRO led a rebel army to victory in 1959; his authoritarian rule held the subsequent regime together for nearly five decades. He handed off the presidency to his younger brother Raul CASTRO in 2008. Cuba's communist revolution, with Soviet support, was exported throughout Latin America and Africa during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez, hand-picked by Raul CASTRO to succeed him, was approved as president by the National Assembly and took office in 2018. DIAZ-CANEL was appointed First Secretary of the Communist Party in 2021 after the retirement of Raul CASTRO and continues to serve as both president and first secretary. Cuba traditionally and consistently portrays the US embargo, in place since 1961, as the source of its socioeconomic difficulties. As a result of efforts begun in 2014 to reestablish diplomatic relations, the US and Cuba reopened embassies in their respective countries in 2015. The embargo remains in place, however, and the relationship between the US and Cuba remains tense. Illicit migration of Cuban nationals to the US via maritime and overland routes has been a longstanding challenge. In 2017, the US and Cuba signed a Joint Statement ending the so-called "wet-foot, dry-foot" policy, by which Cuban nationals who reached US soil were permitted to stay. Irregular Cuban maritime migration has dropped significantly since 2016, when migrant interdictions at sea topped 5,000, but land border crossings continue.; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Geography17 fields

Location: Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, 150 km south of Key West, Florida; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Geographic coordinates: 21 30 N, 80 00 W; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Map references: Central America and the Caribbean; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Area: total : 110,860 sq km land: 109,820 sq km water: 1,040 sq km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Pennsylvania; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Land boundaries: total: 28.5 km border countries (1): US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay 28.5 km note: Guantanamo Naval Base is leased by the US and remains part of Cuba; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Coastline: 3,735 km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Climate: tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Terrain: mostly flat to rolling plains, with rugged hills and mountains in the southeast; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Elevation: highest point: Pico Turquino 1,974 m lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m mean elevation: 108 m; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Natural resources: cobalt, nickel, iron ore, chromium, copper, salt, timber, silica, petroleum, arable land; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Land use: agricultural land: 61.7% (2023 est.) arable land: 28% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 6.3% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 27.4% (2023 est.) forest: 34.9% (2023 est.) other: 3.5% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Irrigated land: 8,700 sq km (2012); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Population distribution: large population clusters found throughout the country, the more significant ones being in the larger towns and cities, particularly the capital of Havana; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Natural hazards: the east coast is subject to hurricanes from August to November (in general, the country averages about one hurricane every other year); droughts are common; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Geography - note: largest country in Caribbean and westernmost island of the Greater Antilles; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

People and Society36 fields

Population: total: 10,059,519 (2025 est.) male: 4,950,615 female: 5,108,904; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Nationality: noun: Cuban(s) adjective: Cuban; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Ethnic groups: White 64.1%, Mulatto or mixed 26.6%, Black 9.3% (2012 est.) note: data represent racial self-identification from Cuba's 2012 national census; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Languages: Spanish (official) major-language sample(s): La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Religions: Christian 58.9%, folk religion 17.6%, Buddhist note: folk religions include religions of African origin, spiritualism, and others intermingled with Catholicism or Protestantism; data is estimative because no authoritative source on religious affiliation exists for Cuba; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Age structure: 0-14 years: 16.3% (male 918,066/female 866,578) 15-64 years: 66.5% (male 3,670,531/female 3,623,658) 65 years and over: 17.2% (2024 est.) (male 852,910/female 1,034,295); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 50.2 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 22.6 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 27.6 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 3.6 (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Median age: total: 46.2 years (2025 est.) male: 41 years female: 44.4 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Population growth rate: -0.6% (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Birth rate: 7.78 births/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Death rate: 11.42 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Net migration rate: -2.39 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Population distribution: large population clusters found throughout the country, the more significant ones being in the larger towns and cities, particularly the capital of Havana; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Urbanization: urban population: 77.5% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.19% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Major urban areas - population: 2.149 million HAVANA (capital) (2023); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Maternal mortality ratio: 35 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Infant mortality rate: total: 5.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.5 deaths/1,000 live births; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 80.1 years (2024 est.) male: 77.8 years female: 82.6 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Total fertility rate: 1.49 children born/woman (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Gross reproduction rate: 0.72 (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Drinking water source: urban: 95.5% of population (2022 est.) rural: 91.8% of population (2022 est.) total: 94.7% of population (2022 est.) urban: 4.5% of population (2022 est.) rural: 8.2% of population (2022 est.) total: 5.3% of population (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Health expenditure: 13.8% of GDP (2021) 21% of national budget (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Physician density: 9.54 physicians/1,000 population (2021); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Hospital bed density: 4.2 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Sanitation facility access: urban: 98.4% of population (2022 est.) rural: 95.7% of population (2022 est.) total: 97.8% of population (2022 est.) urban: 1.6% of population (2022 est.) rural: 4.3% of population (2022 est.) total: 2.2% of population (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Obesity - adult prevalence rate: 24.6% (2016); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Alcohol consumption per capita: total: 4.7 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 1.77 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 0.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 2.69 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Tobacco use: total: 16.7% (2025 est.) male: 24.7% (2025 est.) female: 9% (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 2.4% (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Currently married women (ages 15-49): 58.6% (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Child marriage: women married by age 15: 4.8% (2019) women married by age 18: 29.4% (2019) men married by age 18: 5.9% (2019); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Education expenditure: 8.4% of GDP (2022 est.) 17% national budget (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Literacy: total population: 97.7% (2019 est.) male: 99% (2019 est.) female: 96.3% (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 14 years (2023 est.) male: 13 years (2023 est.) female: 15 years (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
People - note: illicit emigration is a continuing problem; Cubans attempt to depart the island and enter the US using homemade rafts, alien smugglers, direct flights, or falsified visas; Cubans also use non-maritime routes to enter the US including direct flights to Miami and overland via the southwest border; the number of Cubans migrating to the US surged after the announcement of normalization of US-Cuban relations in late December 2014 but has decreased since the end of the so-called "wet-foot, dry-foot" policy on 12 January 2017; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Environment11 fields

Environmental issues: soil degradation and desertification (brought on by poor farming techniques and natural disasters); biodiversity loss; deforestation; air and water pollution; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
International environmental agreements: party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Climate: tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Land use: agricultural land: 61.7% (2023 est.) arable land: 28% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 6.3% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 27.4% (2023 est.) forest: 34.9% (2023 est.) other: 3.5% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Urbanization: urban population: 77.5% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.19% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Carbon dioxide emissions: 19.716 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 16,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 18.12 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 1.58 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Particulate matter emissions: 13.3 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Methane emissions: energy: 23 kt (2022-2024 est.) agriculture: 249.7 kt (2019-2021 est.) waste: 146.4 kt (2019-2021 est.) other: 2.2 kt (2019-2021 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually: 2.693 million tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 25.7% (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Total water withdrawal: municipal: 1.7 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) industrial: 740 million cubic meters (2022 est.) agricultural: 4.519 billion cubic meters (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Total renewable water resources: 38.12 billion cubic meters (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Government23 fields

Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Cuba conventional short form: Cuba local long form: República de Cuba local short form: Cuba etymology: the origin of the name is disputed; it could be derived from a local Taino word, either cubao, meaning "where fertile land is abundant," or coabana, meaning "great place"; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Government type: communist state; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Capital: name: Havana geographic coordinates: 23 07 N, 82 21 W time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November; note - Cuba has been known to alter the schedule of DST on short notice in an attempt to conserve electricity for lighting etymology: Spanish soldier Diego VELAZQUEZ named the city San Cristobal de la Habana, or Saint Christopher of the Habana; "Habana" may have been the name of a local ethnic group, but the meaning of the word is unknown; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Administrative divisions: 15 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 special municipality* (municipio especial); Artemisa, Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la Juventud*, La Habana (Havana), Las Tunas, Matanzas, Mayabeque, Pinar del Río, Sancti Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa Clara; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Legal system: civil law system based on Spanish civil code; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Constitution: history: several previous; latest drafted 14 July 2018, approved by the National Assembly 22 December 2018, approved by referendum 24 February 2019 amendment process: proposed by the National Assembly of People’s Power; passage requires approval of at least two-thirds majority of the National Assembly membership; amendments to constitutional articles on the authorities of the National Assembly, Council of State, or any rights and duties in the constitution also require approval in a referendum; constitutional articles on the Cuban political, social, and economic system cannot be amended; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Citizenship: citizenship by birth: yes citizenship by descent only: yes dual citizenship recognized: no residency requirement for naturalization: unknown; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Suffrage: 16 years of age; universal; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Executive branch: chief of state: President Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez (since 19 April 2018) head of government: Prime Minister Manuel MARRERO Cruz (since 21 December 2019) cabinet: Council of Ministers proposed by the president and appointed by the National Assembly election/appointment process: president and vice president indirectly elected by the National Assembly for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term) most recent election date: 19 April 2023 election results: 2023: Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez (PCC) reelected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 97.7%; Salvador Antonio VALDES Mesa (PCC) reelected vice president; percent of National Assembly vote - 93.4% 2018: Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez (PCC) elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 98.8%; Salvador Antonio VALDES Mesa (PCC) elected vice president; percent of National Assembly vote - 98.1% expected date of next election: 2028; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Legislative branch: legislature name: National Assembly of the People's Power (Asamblea nacional del Poder popular) legislative structure: unicameral number of seats: 470 (all directly elected) electoral system: other systems scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 5 years most recent election date: 3/26/2023 percentage of women in chamber: 55.7% expected date of next election: March 2028 note: the National Candidature Commission submits a slate of approved candidates; to be elected, candidates must receive more than 50% of valid votes, otherwise the seat remains vacant or the Council of State can declare another election; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Judicial branch: highest court(s): People's Supreme Court (consists of court president, vice president, 41 professional justices, and NA lay judges); organization includes the State Council, criminal, civil, administrative, labor, crimes against the state, and military courts) judge selection and term of office: professional judges elected by the National Assembly are not subject to a specific term; lay judges nominated by workplace collectives and neighborhood associations and elected by municipal or provincial assemblies; lay judges appointed for 5-year terms and serve up to 30 days per year subordinate courts: People's Provincial Courts; People's Regional Courts; People's Courts; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Political parties: Cuban Communist Party or PCC; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Lianys TORRES RIVERA (since 14 January 2021) chancery: 2630 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 797-8515 FAX: [1] (202) 797-8521 email address and website: recepcion@usadc.embacuba.cu https://misiones.cubaminrex.cu/en/usa/embassy-cuba-usa; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Mike HAMMER (since 14 November 2024) embassy: Calzada between L & M Streets, Vedado, Havana mailing address: 3200 Havana Place, Washington DC 20521-3200 telephone: [53] (7) 839-4100 FAX: [53] (7) 839-4247 email address and website: acshavana@state.gov https://cu.usembassy.gov/; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
International organization participation: ACP, ACS, ALBA, AOSIS, CABEI, CELAC, EAEU (observer), FAO, G-77, IAEA, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS (excluded from formal participation since 1962), OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, Petrocaribe, PIF (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Independence: 20 May 1902 (from US administration); 10 December 1898 (from Spain); not acknowledged by the Cuban Government as days of independence; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National holiday: Triumph of the Revolution (Liberation Day), 1 January (1959); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Flag: description: five equal horizontal bands of blue (top, center, and bottom) alternating with white; a red equilateral triangle based on the left side has a five-pointed white star in the center meaning: the blue bands stand for the islands' three former departments: Central, Occidental, and Oriental; the white bands for the purity of the independence ideal; the triangle for liberty, equality, and fraternity; the red color for the blood shed in the independence struggle; the white star, called "La Estrella Solitaria" (the Lone Star), lights the way to freedom and was inspired by the state flag of Texas note: design similar to the Puerto Rican flag, with the colors of the bands and triangle reversed; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National symbol(s): royal palm; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National color(s): red, white, blue; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National anthem(s): title: "La Bayamesa" (The Bayamo Song) lyrics/music: Pedro FIGUEREDO history: adopted 1940; Pedro FIGUEREDO first performed it in 1868 during the Ten Years War against the Spanish; a leading figure in the uprising, FIGUEREDO was captured in 1870 and executed by a firing squad; just before being shot, he is said to have shouted, "Morir por la Patria es vivir" (To die for the country is to live), a line from the anthem; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National heritage: total World Heritage Sites: 9 (7 cultural, 2 natural) selected World Heritage Site locales: Old Havana (c); Trinidad and the Valley de los Ingenios (c); San Pedro de la Roca Castle (c); Desembarco del Granma National Park (n); Viñales Valley (c); Archaeological Landscape of the First Coffee Plantations (c); Alejandro de Humboldt National Park (n); Historic Cienfuegos (c); Historic Camagüey (c); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Economy23 fields

Economic overview: still largely state-run planned economy, although privatization increasing under new constitution; widespread protests due to lack of basic necessities and electricity; massive foreign investment increases recently; known tobacco exporter; unique oil-for-doctors relationship with Venezuela; widespread corruption; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $81.165 billion (2024 est.) $81.985 billion (2023 est.) $83.597 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2015 dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Real GDP growth rate: -1.9% (2023 est.) 1.8% (2022 est.) 1.3% (2021 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Real GDP per capita: $23,700 (2024 est.) $18,300 (2023 est.) $13,300 (2022 est.) note: data in 2015 dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
GDP (official exchange rate): $259.781 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 76.1% (2022 est.) 151.9% (2021 est.) 11.9% (2020 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 1.3% (2023 est.) industry: 27.5% (2023 est.) services: 70% (2023 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 73.3% (2023 est.) government consumption: 25.5% (2023 est.) investment in fixed capital: 12.3% (2023 est.) investment in inventories: 10% (2023 est.) exports of goods and services: 43.5% (2023 est.) imports of goods and services: -64.6% (2023 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Agricultural products: sugarcane, cassava, plantains, vegetables, mangoes/guavas, milk, tomatoes, pumpkins/squash, sweet potatoes, bananas (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Industries: petroleum, nickel, cobalt, pharmaceuticals, tobacco, construction, steel, cement, agricultural machinery, sugar; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Industrial production growth rate: -0.9% (2023 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Labor force: 4.859 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Unemployment rate: 1.6% (2024 est.) 1.8% (2023 est.) 1.9% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total: 3.9% (2024 est.) male: 4.1% (2024 est.) female: 3.5% (2024 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Budget: revenues: $54.52 billion (2017 est.) expenditures: $64.64 billion (2017 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Public debt: 42.7% of GDP (2016 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Exports: $8.768 billion (2020 est.) $12.632 billion (2019 est.) $14.53 billion (2018 est.) note: GDP expenditure basis - exports of goods and services in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Exports - partners: China 34%, Spain 12%, Germany 6%, Switzerland 5%, Hong Kong 4% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Exports - commodities: tobacco, nickel, liquor, zinc ore, precious metal ore (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Imports: $8.067 billion (2020 est.) $10.971 billion (2019 est.) $12.567 billion (2018 est.) note: GDP expenditure basis - imports of goods and services in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Imports - partners: Spain 24%, China 13%, Netherlands 10%, USA 9%, Canada 6% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Imports - commodities: beer, poultry, rice, plastic products, soybean oil (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Exchange rates: Cuban pesos (CUP) per US dollar - 24 (2024 est.) 24 (2023 est.) 24 (2022 est.) 24 (2021 est.) 1 (2020 est.) note: official exchange rate of 24 Cuban pesos per US dollar effective 1 January 2021; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Energy7 fields

Electricity access: electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Electricity: installed generating capacity: 7.264 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 11.951 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 3.352 billion kWh (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels: 95.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 1.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) wind: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 0.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 2.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Coal: consumption: 1,000 metric tons (2023 est.) exports: 25 metric tons (2023 est.) imports: 8,000 metric tons (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Petroleum: total petroleum production: 34,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 118,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 124 million barrels (2021 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Natural gas: production: 850.133 million cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 850.133 million cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 70.792 billion cubic meters (2021 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Energy consumption per capita: 26.07 million Btu/person (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Communications6 fields

Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 1.59 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 15 (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 8.01 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 73 (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Broadcast media: government owns and controls all broadcast media: 8 national TV channels (Cubavision, Cubavision Plus, Tele Rebelde, Multivision, Educational Channel 1 and 2, Canal Clave, Canal Habana), 2 international channels (Cubavision Internacional and Canal Caribe), multiple regional TV stations, 7 national radio networks, and multiple regional radio stations; the government uses the Radio-TV Marti signal; private ownership of electronic media is officially prohibited, with several online independent news sites tolerated but blocked if critical of the government; YouTube popular; Christian denominations create original video content to distribute via social media (2023); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Internet country code: .cu; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Internet users: percent of population: 71% (2023 est.) note: private citizens are prohibited from buying computers or accessing the Internet without special authorization; foreigners may access the Internet in large hotels but are subject to firewalls; some Cubans buy illegal passwords on the black market or take advantage of public outlets to access limited email and the government-controlled "intranet"; issues relating to COVID-19 impact research into internet adoption, so actual internet user figures may be different than published numbers suggest; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total: 327,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Transportation6 fields

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: CU; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Airports: 120 (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Heliports: 4 (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Railways: total: 8,367 km (2017) standard gauge: 8,195 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge (124 km electrified) narrow gauge: 172 km (2017) 1.000-m gauge note: As of 2013, 70 km of standard gauge and 12 km of narrow gauge track were not for public use; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Merchant marine: total: 65 (2023) by type: general cargo 13, oil tanker 10, other 42; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Ports: total ports: 34 (2024) large: 6 medium: 3 small: 10 very small: 6 size unknown: 9 ports with oil terminals: 14 key ports: Antilla, Bahai de la Habana, Bahia de Sagua de Tanamo, Cabanas, Casilda, Cienfuegos, Nuevitas Bay, Puerto Guantanamo, Santiago de Cuba; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Military and Security6 fields

Military and security forces: Revolutionary Armed Forces (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias, FAR): Ground Troops (Tropas Terrestres), Revolutionary Navy (Marina de Guerra Revolucionaria, MGR), Revolutionary Air and Air Defense Forces (Defensas Anti-Aereas y Fuerza Aerea Revolucionaria, DAAFAR) Paramilitary forces under the FAR: Youth Labor Army (Ejercito Juvenil del Trabajo, EJT), Territorial Militia Troops (Milicia de Tropas de Territoriales, MTT), Defense and Production Brigades (Brigadas de Producción y Defensa, BPD), Civil Defense Organization (Defensa Civil de Cuba) Ministry of Interior: National Revolutionary Police (Policía Nacional Revolucionaria, PNR), Directorate of Border Guard Troops (Dirección de Tropas de Guardia Fronteriza, TGF), Department of State Security (Departamento de Seguridad del Estado, DSE) (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military expenditures: 4.2% of GDP (2020 est.) 3.2% of GDP (2019 est.) 2.9% of GDP (2018 est.) 2.9% of GDP (2017 est.) 3.1% of GDP (2016 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military and security service personnel strengths: limited available information; estimated 50,000 active Armed Forces (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: the military's inventory is comprised of Russian and Soviet-era equipment (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military service age and obligation: military service is mandatory for all men and voluntary for women (ages 17-28); service obligation is 24 months with the Armed Forces or the Ministry of Interior; reserve commitment for men until age 45 (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military - note: the Cuban military is largely focused on protecting territorial integrity and the state; it perceives the US as its primary threat; the military is a central pillar of the Cuban regime and viewed as the guardian of the Cuban revolution; it has a large role in the country’s politics and economy; many senior government posts are held by military officers, and the FAR reportedly has interests in agriculture, banking and finance, construction, import/export, ports, industry, real estate, retail, shipping, transportation, and tourism (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Transnational Issues2 fields

Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees: 171 (2024 est.) IDPs: 37,171 (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Trafficking in persons: tier rating: Tier 3 — Cuba does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so, therefore, Cuba remained on Tier 3; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/cuba/; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

The underlying United States government material is public domain. The Almanac’s reuse terms do not change the legal status of this preserved source layer.

Cuba at a glance

Cuba through time

Admitted to the United Nations

Changes since the final CIA profile

People, economy, and access

Maintained profile