World · permanent entity record · EZ
Czechia
Thirty-second orientation
Czechia at a glance
- Nationality / demonym
- noun: Czech(s); adjective: Czech
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
- Government
- parliamentary republic
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
- Languages
- Czech (official) 88.4%, Slovak 1.5%, other 2.6%, unspecified 7.2% (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Independently structured milestones · not a complete national history
Czechia through time
Admitted to the United Nations
Czechia became a member of the United Nations.
United Nations, Member States · source checked 2026-09-04
Source history · changed fields only
Changes since the final CIA profile
| Field | Maintained Almanac value | Final CIA profile |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 10,886,878World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025 | total: 10,838,703 (2025 est.) male: 5,337,128 female: 5,501,575CIA World Factbook · as of 2026-01-20 |
A difference may reflect a newer observation, a revised estimate, or a different source definition. This table reports the values and dates; it does not manufacture a trend.
World Development Indicators · latest available observation
People, economy, and access
Observation years vary by measure. Each row identifies the series and year instead of presenting unlike dates as one current snapshot.
- Gross domestic product
- $391.0 billion
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Gross domestic product per person
- $35,917
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Life expectancy at birth
- 80.0 years
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Urban population
- 72.9%
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Access to electricity
- 100.0%
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS. Underlying providers: World Bank ESMAP, Tracking SDG 7. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- People using the internet
- 87.7%
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS. Underlying providers: International Telecommunication Union. Source footnote: Source and notes: Czech Statistical Office, Retrieved 2026-09-08.
World Development Indicators data are provided under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). The linked indicator metadata identifies the underlying statistical providers.
Maintained profile
- Capital
- Prague
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · The nation set and displayed federal short name follow the current State Department independent-states register, dated August 11, 2026.
- Area
- 78,867 sq km
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · Final CIA source data preserved by a community mirror after the Factbook was retired; the mirror is not the issuing authority.
- Population
- 10,886,878
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.POP.TOTL. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Currency
- koruny (CZK)
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · Currency label extracted from the Factbook exchange-rate field.
- Languages
- Czech (official) 88.4%, Slovak 1.5%, other 2.6%, unspecified 7.2% (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · Factbook language listing reproduced without inferring official status beyond the source wording.
- Nationality / demonym
- noun: Czech(s); adjective: Czech
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · The source’s noun and adjective forms are retained. These are language labels, not evidence of any individual person’s citizenship.
- Continent
- Europe
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Continental label standardized from the archived profile region “Europe.”
- Coastline
- 0 km (landlocked)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Climate
- temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Religions
- Roman Catholic 7%, other believers belonging to a church or religious society 6% (includes Evangelical United Brethren Church and Czechoslovak Hussite Church), believers unaffiliated with a religious society 9.1%, none 47.8%, unspecified 30.1% (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Flag colors
- white, red, blue
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Colors extracted from the flag description in the preserved final CIA profile.
- National symbol
- silver (or white) double-tailed rampant lion
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Highest point
- Snezka · 5,256 ft (1,602 m)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Lowest point
- Labe (Elbe) River · 377 ft (115 m)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- NATO membership
- Member
- NATO, What is NATO? · Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.
- BRICS membership
- Not a member
- BRICS Brazil, About the BRICS · Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.
Preserved public-domain record · not maintained current data
Final CIA World Factbook profile
This is the preserved historical baseline from the Factbook’s final public snapshot. It is presented as the CIA stated it, not as a current Standard American Almanac finding. Current, independently maintained facts appear above when available.
CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · profile updated · pinned source record · commit d81154954b8b
Introduction1 fields
- Background
- At the close of World War I, the Czechs and Slovaks of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire merged to form Czechoslovakia, a parliamentarian democracy. During the interwar years, having rejected a federal system, the new country's predominantly Czech leaders were frequently preoccupied with meeting the increasingly strident demands of other ethnic minorities within the republic, most notably the Slovaks, the Sudeten Germans, and the Ruthenians (Ukrainians). On the eve of World War II, Nazi Germany occupied the territory that today comprises Czechia, and Slovakia became an independent state allied with Germany. After the war, a reunited but truncated Czechoslovakia (less Ruthenia) fell within the Soviet sphere of influence when the pro-Soviet Communist party staged a coup in February 1948. In 1968, an invasion by fellow Warsaw Pact troops ended the efforts of the country's leaders to liberalize communist rule and create "socialism with a human face," ushering in a period of repression known as "normalization." The peaceful "Velvet Revolution" swept the Communist Party from power at the end of 1989 and inaugurated a return to democratic rule and a market economy. On 1 January 1993, the country underwent a nonviolent "velvet divorce" into its two national components, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004. The country formally added the short-form name Czechia in 2016, while also continuing to use the full form name, the Czech Republic.
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Geography19 fields
- Location
- Central Europe, between Germany, Poland, Slovakia, and Austria
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Area
- total : 78,867 sq km land: 77,247 sq km water: 1,620 sq km
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Area - comparative
- about two-thirds the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than South Carolina
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Land boundaries
- total: 2,046 km border countries (4): Austria 402 km; Germany 704 km; Poland 699 km; Slovakia 241 km
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Climate
- temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Terrain
- Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very hilly country
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Elevation
- highest point: Snezka 1,602 m lowest point: Labe (Elbe) River 115 m mean elevation: 433 m
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Natural resources
- hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber, arable land
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Land use
- agricultural land: 45.8% (2023 est.) arable land: 32.7% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0.5% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 12.5% (2023 est.) forest: 38.2% (2023 est.) other: 16% (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Major rivers (by length in km)
- Labe (Elbe) river source (shared with Germany [m]) - 1,252 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Major watersheds (area sq km)
- Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Population distribution
- a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, but the northern and eastern regions tend to have larger urban concentrations
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Geography - note
- note 1: landlocked; strategically located on some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe note 2: the Hranice Abyss in Czechia is the world's deepest surveyed freshwater cave at 519 m (1,703 ft); its survey is not complete, and it may be up to 800-1,200 m (2,625-3,937 ft) deep
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
People and Society33 fields
- Population
- total: 10,838,703 (2025 est.) male: 5,337,128 female: 5,501,575
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Ethnic groups
- Czech 57.3%, Moravian 3.4%, other 7.7%, unspecified 31.6% (2021 est.) note: includes only persons with one ethnicity
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Languages
- Czech (official) 88.4%, Slovak 1.5%, other 2.6%, unspecified 7.2% (2021 est.) major-language sample(s): World Factbook, nepostradatelný zdroj základních informací. (Czech) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. note: includes only persons with one mother tongue
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Religions
- Roman Catholic 7%, other believers belonging to a church or religious society 6% (includes Evangelical United Brethren Church and Czechoslovak Hussite Church), believers unaffiliated with a religious society 9.1%, none 47.8%, unspecified 30.1% (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Age structure
- 0-14 years: 15.7% (male 871,303/female 826,896) 15-64 years: 63.8% (male 3,542,298/female 3,373,127) 65 years and over: 20.5% (2024 est.) (male 922,136/female 1,302,130)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Dependency ratios
- total dependency ratio: 56.5 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 24.3 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 32.2 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 3.1 (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Median age
- total: 44.4 years (2025 est.) male: 42.7 years female: 45.7 years
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Birth rate
- 9.56 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Death rate
- 11.82 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Net migration rate
- 2.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Population distribution
- a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, but the northern and eastern regions tend to have larger urban concentrations
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Urbanization
- urban population: 74.6% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Major urban areas - population
- 1.323 million PRAGUE (capital) (2023)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Sex ratio
- at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Mother's mean age at first birth
- 28.5 years (2020 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Maternal mortality ratio
- 3 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Infant mortality rate
- total: 2.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 2.7 deaths/1,000 live births female: 2.4 deaths/1,000 live births
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Life expectancy at birth
- total population: 78.6 years (2024 est.) male: 75.6 years female: 81.8 years
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Total fertility rate
- 1.73 children born/woman (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Drinking water source
- urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.) rural: 99.8% of population (2022 est.) total: 99.9% of population (2022 est.) urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.) rural: 0.2% of population (2022 est.) total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Health expenditure
- 9.5% of GDP (2021) 16.7% of national budget (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Physician density
- 4.35 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Hospital bed density
- 6.6 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Sanitation facility access
- urban: 100% of population (2022 est.) rural: 100% of population (2022 est.) total: 100% of population (2022 est.) urban: 0% of population (2022 est.) rural: 0% of population (2022 est.) total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Alcohol consumption per capita
- total: 12.73 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 6.77 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 2.73 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 3.24 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Tobacco use
- total: 26.8% (2025 est.) male: 30.8% (2025 est.) female: 23% (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Currently married women (ages 15-49)
- 53.7% (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Education expenditure
- 4.3% of GDP (2022 est.) 10% national budget (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
- total: 17 years (2022 est.) male: 16 years (2022 est.) female: 18 years (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Environment11 fields
- Environmental issues
- air and water pollution (including acid rain) in areas of northwest Bohemia and in northern Moravia around Ostrava; pollution from industry, mining, and agriculture
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- International environmental agreements
- party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Climate
- temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Land use
- agricultural land: 45.8% (2023 est.) arable land: 32.7% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0.5% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 12.5% (2023 est.) forest: 38.2% (2023 est.) other: 16% (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Urbanization
- urban population: 74.6% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.2% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Carbon dioxide emissions
- 79.901 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 41.667 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 25.707 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 12.527 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Particulate matter emissions
- 15 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Waste and recycling
- municipal solid waste generated annually: 5.335 million tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 37.3% (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Total water withdrawal
- municipal: 626 million cubic meters (2022) industrial: 776 million cubic meters (2022) agricultural: 44 million cubic meters (2022)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Total renewable water resources
- 13.15 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Geoparks
- total global geoparks and regional networks: 1 global geoparks and regional networks: Bohemian Paradise (2023)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Government25 fields
- Country name
- conventional long form: Czech Republic conventional short form: Czechia local long form: Ceska republika local short form: Cesko etymology: name derives from the Czechs, a West Slavic tribe who rose to prominence in the late 9th century A.D.; the tribal name is said to come from an ancestral chief
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Capital
- name: Prague geographic coordinates: 50 05 N, 14 28 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October etymology: the name may derive from the old Slavic word "praga" or "prah," meaning "threshold;" it could also be related to the same Slavic root word as the modern Czech "pražiti," a term for woodland cleared by burning
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Administrative divisions
- 13 regions (kraje, singular - kraj) and 1 capital city* (hlavni mesto); Jihocesky (South Bohemia), Jihomoravsky (South Moravia), Karlovarsky (Karlovy Vary), Kralovehradecky (Hradec Kralove), Liberecky (Liberec), Moravskoslezsky (Moravia-Silesia), Olomoucky (Olomouc), Pardubicky (Pardubice), Plzensky (Pilsen), Praha (Prague)*, Stredocesky (Central Bohemia), Ustecky (Usti), Vysocina (Highlands), Zlinsky (Zlin)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Legal system
- new civil code enacted in 2014, replacing civil code of 1964 based on former Austro-Hungarian civil codes and socialist theory
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Constitution
- history: previous 1960; latest ratified 16 December 1992, effective 1 January 1993 amendment process: passage requires at least three-fifths concurrence of members present in both houses of Parliament
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- International law organization participation
- has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Citizenship
- citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Czechia dual citizenship recognized: no residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President Petr PAVEL (since 9 March 2023) head of government: Prime Minister Andrej BABIS (since 9 December 2025) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (limited to 2 consecutive terms); prime minister appointed by the president for a 4-year term most recent election date: 13-14 January 2023, with a second round on 27-28 January 2023 election results: 2023: Petr PAVEL elected in the second round; percent of vote in the first round - Petr PAVEL (independent) 35.4%, Andrej BABIS (ANO) 35%, Danuse NERUDOVA (Mayors and Independents) 13.9%, Pavel FISCHER (independent) 6.8%; percent of vote in the second round - Petr PAVEL 58.3%, Andrej BABIS 41.6% 2018: Milos ZEMAN reelected president in the second round; percent of vote - Milos ZEMAN (SPO) 51.4%, Jiri DRAHOS (independent) 48.6% expected date of next election: by January 2028
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Legislative branch
- legislature name: Parliament (Parlament) legislative structure: bicameral
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Legislative branch - lower chamber
- chamber name: Chamber of Deputies (Poslanecka Snemovna) number of seats: 200 (all directly elected) electoral system: proportional representation scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 4 years most recent election date: 10/3/2025 to 10/4/2025 parties elected and seats per party: ANO (80); SPOLU (52); Mayors and independents (STAN) (22); Czech Pirate Party (18); Freedom and Direct Democracy (SPD) (15); Motoristé sobě (AUTO) (13) percentage of women in chamber: 33.5% expected date of next election: October 2029
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Legislative branch - upper chamber
- chamber name: Senate (Senat) number of seats: 81 (all directly elected) electoral system: plurality/majority scope of elections: partial renewal term in office: 6 years most recent election date: 9/20/2024 to 9/28/2024 parties elected and seats per party: Civic Democratic Party (ODS) (8); Christian Democratic Union - Czechoslovak People's Party (KDU - CSL) (7); TOP 09 (3); ANO 2011 (3); Independents (2); Other (4) percentage of women in chamber: 21.3% expected date of next election: September 2026
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Judicial branch
- highest court(s): Supreme Court (organized into Civil Law and Commercial Division, and Criminal Division each with a court chief justice, vice justice, and several judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 15 justices); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 36 judges, including the court president and vice president, and organized into 6-, 7-, and 9-member chambers) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges proposed by the Chamber of Deputies and appointed by the president; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate; judges appointed for 10-year, renewable terms; Supreme Administrative Court judges selected by the president of the Court; unlimited terms subordinate courts: High Court; regional and district courts
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Political parties
- Action of Dissatisfied Citizens or ANO (Akce nespokojených občanů) Christian and Democratic Union - Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-ČSL Civic Democratic Party or ODS Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia or KSČM Czech Pirate Party or Piráti ForMOST or ProMOST Freedom and Direct Democracy or SPD Independents or NEZ Mayors and Independents or STAN Mayors for the Liberec Region or SLK Přísaha Senator 21 or SEN 21 Social Democracy SOCDEM Svobodni Tradition Responsibility Prosperity 09 or TOP 09 Tábor 2020 or T2020 United Democrats - Association of Independents or SD-SN
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Diplomatic representation in the US
- chief of mission: Ambassador Miloslav STAŠEK (since 16 September 2022) chancery: 3900 Spring of Freedom Street NW, Washington, DC 20008-3803 telephone: [1] (202) 274-9100 FAX: [1] (202) 966-8540 email address and website: washington@embassy.mzv.cz https://www.mzv.cz/washington/ consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Diplomatic representation from the US
- chief of mission: Ambassador Nicholas MERRICK (since 23 October 2025) embassy: Trziste 15, 118 01 Praha 1 - Mala Strana mailing address: 5630 Prague Place, Washington DC 20521-5630 telephone: [420] 257-022-000 FAX: [420] 257-022-809 email address and website: ACSPrg@state.gov https://cz.usembassy.gov/
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- International organization participation
- Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Independence
- 1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia) note: although 1 January is the day the Czech Republic came into being, the Czechs commemorate 28 October 1918, the day the former Czechoslovakia declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, as their independence day
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National holiday
- Czechoslovak Founding Day, 28 October (1918)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Flag
- description: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the left side note: combines the white and red of Bohemia with blue from the arms of Moravia; identical to the flag of the former Czechoslovakia
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National symbol(s)
- silver (or white) double-tailed rampant lion
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National anthem(s)
- title: "Kde domov muj?" (Where is My Home?) lyrics/music: Josef Kajetan TYL/Frantisek Jan SKROUP history: adopted 1993; the anthem was originally written as incidental music for the play "Fidlovacka" (1834), but it soon became popular as an unofficial anthem of the Czech nation; its first verse served as the official Czechoslovak anthem beginning in 1918, and the second verse (Slovak) was dropped after Czechoslovakia was dissolved in 1993
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National heritage
- total World Heritage Sites: 17 (16 cultural, 1 natural) selected World Heritage Site locales: Historic Prague (c); Historic Telč (c); Historic Český Krumlov (c); Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape (c); Historic Kutná Hora (c); Holy Trinity Column, Olomouc (c); Karlovy Vary Spa (c); Zatec and the Landscape of Saaz Hops; Žatec and the Landscape of Saaz Hops (n)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Economy31 fields
- Economic overview
- high-income, diversified EU economy; manufacturing-oriented exporter led by automotive industry; moderate growth driven by household consumption and investments, despite negative contribution from net exports; tight labor market with low unemployment; gained energy independence from Russian oil in April 2025
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
- $521.928 billion (2024 est.) $516.145 billion (2023 est.) $516.431 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Real GDP growth rate
- 1.1% (2024 est.) -0.1% (2023 est.) 2.8% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Real GDP per capita
- $48,000 (2024 est.) $47,500 (2023 est.) $48,400 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- GDP (official exchange rate)
- $345.037 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Inflation rate (consumer prices)
- 2.4% (2024 est.) 10.7% (2023 est.) 15.1% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- GDP - composition, by sector of origin
- agriculture: 1.5% (2024 est.) industry: 30.2% (2024 est.) services: 59.5% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- GDP - composition, by end use
- household consumption: 44% (2023 est.) government consumption: 19.7% (2023 est.) investment in fixed capital: 27.3% (2023 est.) investment in inventories: 0.7% (2023 est.) exports of goods and services: 69% (2023 est.) imports of goods and services: -64% (2023 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Agricultural products
- wheat, sugar beets, milk, barley, rapeseed, potatoes, maize, triticale, pork, chicken (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Industries
- motor vehicles, metallurgy, machinery and equipment, glass, armaments
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Industrial production growth rate
- -1% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Labor force
- 5.541 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Unemployment rate
- 2.6% (2024 est.) 2.6% (2023 est.) 2.3% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
- total: 8.4% (2024 est.) male: 8.2% (2024 est.) female: 8.6% (2024 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Population below poverty line
- 10.2% (2021 est.) note: % of population with income below national poverty line
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
- 25.9 (2022 est.) note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Average household expenditures
- on food: 15.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.) on alcohol and tobacco: 7.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Household income or consumption by percentage share
- lowest 10%: 3.8% (2022 est.) highest 10%: 21.8% (2022 est.) note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Remittances
- 1.2% of GDP (2024 est.) 1.2% of GDP (2023 est.) 1.4% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Budget
- revenues: $94.01 billion (2022 est.) expenditures: $106.07 billion (2022 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Taxes and other revenues
- 12.6% (of GDP) (2022 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Current account balance
- $6.047 billion (2024 est.) -$432.727 million (2023 est.) -$13.644 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exports
- $239.259 billion (2024 est.) $236.103 billion (2023 est.) $219.419 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exports - partners
- Germany 29%, Slovakia 7%, Poland 6%, France 5%, UK 5% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exports - commodities
- cars, vehicle parts/accessories, broadcasting equipment, computers, plastic products (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Imports
- $216.741 billion (2024 est.) $219.09 billion (2023 est.) $216.042 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Imports - partners
- Germany 22%, China 17%, Poland 8%, Slovakia 5%, Italy 4% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Imports - commodities
- broadcasting equipment, vehicle parts/accessories, cars, plastic products, computers (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
- $146.281 billion (2024 est.) $148.379 billion (2023 est.) $139.981 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exchange rates
- koruny (CZK) per US dollar - 23.217 (2024 est.) 22.198 (2023 est.) 23.357 (2022 est.) 21.678 (2021 est.) 23.21 (2020 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Energy8 fields
- Electricity access
- electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Electricity
- installed generating capacity: 21.802 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 63.628 billion kWh (2023 est.) exports: 22.648 billion kWh (2023 est.) imports: 13.465 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 3.012 billion kWh (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Electricity generation sources
- fossil fuels: 45.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) nuclear: 40.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 4.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) wind: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 2.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Nuclear energy
- Number of operational nuclear reactors: 6 (2025) Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 3.96GW (2025 est.) Percent of total electricity production: 40% (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Coal
- production: 31.946 million metric tons (2023 est.) consumption: 33.239 million metric tons (2023 est.) exports: 2.128 million metric tons (2023 est.) imports: 4.09 million metric tons (2023 est.) proven reserves: 3.595 billion metric tons (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Petroleum
- total petroleum production: 4,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 219,000 bbl/day (2024 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 15 million barrels (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Natural gas
- production: 163.333 million cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 6.499 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) imports: 6.812 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 3.964 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Energy consumption per capita
- 136.306 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Communications6 fields
- Telephones - fixed lines
- total subscriptions: 1.16 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Telephones - mobile cellular
- total subscriptions: 13.6 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 127 (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Broadcast media
- 22 national TV stations, with 17 privately owned; publicly operated Czech Television has 5 national channels; over 350 TV channels, many through cable, satellite, and IPTV subscription services; 63 radio broadcasters operate over 80 radio stations, including 7 multiregional radio stations or networks; publicly owned broadcaster Czech Radio operates 4 national, 14 regional, and 4 Internet stations; both Czech Radio and Czech Television are partly financed through a license fee (2019)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Internet users
- percent of population: 86% (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Broadband - fixed subscriptions
- total: 4.1 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 38 (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Transportation4 fields
Military and Security7 fields
- Military and security forces
- Czech Armed Forces: Land Forces, Air Force, Special Forces (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military expenditures
- 2% of GDP (2025 est.) 2.1% of GDP (2024 est.) 1.5% of GDP (2023 est.) 1.3% of GDP (2022 est.) 1.4% of GDP (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military and security service personnel strengths
- approximately 28,000 active-duty military personnel (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
- the Czech military has a mix of domestically produced, Soviet-era, and more recently acquired modern weapons and equipment from such suppliers as France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, and the US; its domestic defense industry produces such items as armored combat vehicles and light attack aircraft (2025) note 1: in 2019, Czechia announced a modernization plan to acquire more Western equipment that was compliant with NATO standards, including armored vehicles, fighter aircraft, and helicopters note 2: during the Cold War, Czechoslovakia was a major producer of armored personnel carriers, military trucks, tanks, and trainer aircraft
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military service age and obligation
- 18-28 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; conscription abolished 2004 (2025) note: as of 2023, women comprised nearly 14% of the military's full-time personnel
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military deployments
- up to 130 Lithuania (NATO); 130 Slovakia (NATO) (2024)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military - note
- the Czech military is responsible for national and territorial defense, assisting civil authorities during natural disasters or other emergencies, boosting border security alongside the police, participating in international peacekeeping operations, and supporting its collective security commitments to the EU and NATO, both of which Czechia considers pillars of its national security strategy; Czechia is a member of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, contributes to UN peacekeeping operations, and actively participates in EU military and security missions under the EU Common Security and Defense Policy; the Czech military has been an active member of NATO since the country joined in 2009 and participates in a variety of NATO’s collective defense missions, including contributing to the Enhanced Forward Presence in Eastern Europe, Baltic Air Policing operations, rapid response forces, and operations in Kosovo; it also exercises regularly with NATO partners and maintains close bilateral ties to a number of militaries particularly partner members of the Visegrad Group (Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia) and Germany the military has commands for its land, air, cyber/information operations, and territorial forces, as well as a joint operations command and a separate special forces directorate; the Territorial Command is responsible for the active reserves and regional military commands that align with each of Czechia’s 13 regions and the capital, Prague (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Transnational Issues1 fields
- Refugees and internally displaced persons
- refugees: 392,198 (2024 est.) IDPs: 5 (2024 est.) stateless persons: 588 (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
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