World · permanent entity record · DR

Dominican Republic

Thirty-second orientation

Dominican Republic at a glance

Capital: Santo Domingo; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Population: 11,520,487; World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025
Area: 48,670 sq km; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Nationality / demonym: noun: Dominican(s); adjective: Dominican; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Government: presidential republic; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Languages: Spanish (official); CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04

Independently structured milestones · not a complete national history

Dominican Republic through time

1945-10-24
Admitted to the United Nations
Dominican Republic became a member of the United Nations.
United Nations, Member States · source checked 2026-09-04

Source history · changed fields only

Changes since the final CIA profile

Field	Maintained Almanac value	Final CIA profile
Population	11,520,487World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025	total: 10,899,292 (2025 est.) male: 5,506,679 female: 5,392,613CIA World Factbook · as of 2026-01-20

A difference may reflect a newer observation, a revised estimate, or a different source definition. This table reports the values and dates; it does not manufacture a trend.

World Development Indicators · latest available observation

People, economy, and access

Observation years vary by measure. Each row identifies the series and year instead of presenting unlike dates as one current snapshot.

Gross domestic product: $127.4 billion; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Gross domestic product per person: $11,059; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Life expectancy at birth: 73.9 years; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Urban population: 72.5%; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Access to electricity: 99.5%; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS. Underlying providers: World Bank ESMAP, Tracking SDG 7. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
People using the internet: 91.0%; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS. Underlying providers: International Telecommunication Union. Source footnote: Source and notes: Oficina Nacional de Estadistica, Retrieved 2026-09-08.

World Development Indicators data are provided under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). The linked indicator metadata identifies the underlying statistical providers.

Maintained profile

Capital: Santo Domingo; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04The nation set and displayed federal short name follow the current State Department independent-states register, dated August 11, 2026.
Area: 48,670 sq km; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04Final CIA source data preserved by a community mirror after the Factbook was retired; the mirror is not the issuing authority.
Population: 11,520,487; World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.POP.TOTL. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Currency: Dominican pesos (DOP); CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04Currency label extracted from the Factbook exchange-rate field.
Languages: Spanish (official); CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04Factbook language listing reproduced without inferring official status beyond the source wording.
Nationality / demonym: noun: Dominican(s); adjective: Dominican; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04The source’s noun and adjective forms are retained. These are language labels, not evidence of any individual person’s citizenship.
Government: presidential republic; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
UN membership: 1945-10-24; United Nations, Member States · as of 2026-09-04
Continent: North America; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Continental label standardized from the archived profile region “Central America and the Caribbean.”
Coastline: 1,288 km; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Climate: tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Religions: Evangelical 50.2%, Roman Catholic 30.1%, none 18.5%, unspecified 1.2% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Flag colors: white, blue, red; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Colors extracted from the flag description in the preserved final CIA profile.
National symbol: palmchat (bird); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Highest point: Pico Duarte · 10,164 ft (3,098 m); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Lowest point: Lago Enriquillo · -151 ft (-46 m); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-20Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
NATO membership: Not a member; NATO, What is NATO? · as of 2026-09-06Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.
BRICS membership: Not a member; BRICS Brazil, About the BRICS · as of 2026-09-06Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.

Preserved public-domain record · not maintained current data

Final CIA World Factbook profile

This is the preserved historical baseline from the Factbook’s final public snapshot. It is presented as the CIA stated it, not as a current Standard American Almanac finding. Current, independently maintained facts appear above when available.

CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · profile updated 2026-01-20 · pinned source record · commit d81154954b8b

Introduction1 fields

Background: The Taino -- indigenous inhabitants of Hispaniola prior to the arrival of Europeans -- divided the island now known as the Dominican Republic and Haiti into five chiefdoms and territories. Christopher COLUMBUS explored and claimed the island on his first voyage in 1492; it became a springboard for Spanish conquest of the Caribbean and the American mainland. In 1697, Spain recognized French dominion over the western third of the island, which in 1804 became Haiti. The remainder of the island, by then known as Santo Domingo, sought to gain its own independence in 1821, but the Haitians conquered and ruled it for 22 years; it finally attained independence as the Dominican Republic in 1844. In 1861, the Dominicans voluntarily returned to the Spanish Empire, but two years later, they launched a war that restored independence in 1865. A legacy of unsettled and mostly non-representative rule followed, capped by the dictatorship of Rafael Leonidas TRUJILLO from 1930 to 1961. Juan BOSCH was elected president in 1962 but was deposed in a military coup in 1963. In 1965, the US led an intervention in the midst of a civil war sparked by an uprising to restore BOSCH. In 1966, Joaquin BALAGUER defeated BOSCH in the presidential election. BALAGUER maintained a tight grip on power for most of the next 30 years, until international reaction to flawed elections forced him to curtail his term in 1996. Since then, regular competitive elections have been held.; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Geography18 fields

Location: Caribbean, eastern two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Haiti; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Geographic coordinates: 19 00 N, 70 40 W; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Map references: Central America and the Caribbean; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Area: total : 48,670 sq km land: 48,320 sq km water: 350 sq km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Area - comparative: slightly more than twice the size of New Jersey; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Land boundaries: total: 376 km border countries (1): Haiti 376 km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Coastline: 1,288 km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin note: measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Climate: tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Terrain: rugged highlands and mountains interspersed with fertile valleys; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Elevation: highest point: Pico Duarte 3,098 m lowest point: Lago Enriquillo -46 m mean elevation: 424 m; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Natural resources: nickel, bauxite, gold, silver, arable land; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Land use: agricultural land: 55.4% (2023 est.) arable land: 20.2% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 11.3% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 23.8% (2023 est.) forest: 46.6% (2023 est.) other: 0% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Irrigated land: 2,981 sq km (2018); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Major lakes (area sq km): salt water lake(s): Lago de Enriquillo - 500 sq km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Population distribution: coastal development is significant, especially in the southern coastal plains and the Cibao Valley, where population density is highest; smaller population clusters exist in the interior mountains (Cordillera Central); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Natural hazards: lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding; periodic droughts; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Geography - note: shares island of Hispaniola with Haiti (eastern two-thirds makes up the Dominican Republic, western one-third is Haiti); the second largest country in the Antilles (after Cuba); geographically diverse with the Caribbean's tallest mountain, Pico Duarte, and lowest elevation and largest lake, Lago Enriquillo; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

People and Society36 fields

Population: total: 10,899,292 (2025 est.) male: 5,506,679 female: 5,392,613; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Nationality: noun: Dominican(s) adjective: Dominican; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Ethnic groups: mixed 70.4% (Mestizo/Indio 58%, Mulatto 12.4%), Black 15.8%, White 13.5%, other 0.3% (2014 est.) note: respondents self-identified their race; the term "indio" in the Dominican Republic is not associated with people of indigenous ancestry but people of mixed ancestry or skin color between light and dark; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Languages: Spanish (official) major-language sample(s): La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Religions: Evangelical 50.2%, Roman Catholic 30.1%, none 18.5%, unspecified 1.2% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Age structure: 0-14 years: 25.5% (male 1,402,847/female 1,358,833) 15-64 years: 66.9% (male 3,667,584/female 3,563,848) 65 years and over: 7.6% (2024 est.) (male 395,345/female 427,400); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 49.6 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 37.8 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 11.8 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 8.5 (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Median age: total: 29.6 years (2025 est.) male: 29.1 years female: 29.4 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Population growth rate: 0.78% (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Birth rate: 17.4 births/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Death rate: 6.97 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Net migration rate: -2.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Population distribution: coastal development is significant, especially in the southern coastal plains and the Cibao Valley, where population density is highest; smaller population clusters exist in the interior mountains (Cordillera Central); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Urbanization: urban population: 84.4% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 1.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Major urban areas - population: 3.524 million SANTO DOMINGO (capital) (2023); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.93 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Mother's mean age at first birth: 20.9 years (2013 est.) note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Maternal mortality ratio: 124 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Infant mortality rate: total: 20.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 24.3 deaths/1,000 live births female: 19 deaths/1,000 live births; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 72.6 years (2024 est.) male: 71 years female: 74.3 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Total fertility rate: 2.17 children born/woman (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Gross reproduction rate: 1.06 (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Drinking water source: urban: 97.8% of population (2022 est.) rural: 91.4% of population (2022 est.) total: 96.8% of population (2022 est.) urban: 2.2% of population (2022 est.) rural: 8.6% of population (2022 est.) total: 3.2% of population (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Health expenditure: 4.9% of GDP (2021) 14.4% of national budget (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Physician density: 2.43 physicians/1,000 population (2023); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Hospital bed density: 1.4 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Sanitation facility access: urban: 97.4% of population (2022 est.) rural: 91.9% of population (2022 est.) total: 96.5% of population (2022 est.) urban: 2.6% of population (2022 est.) rural: 8.1% of population (2022 est.) total: 3.5% of population (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Obesity - adult prevalence rate: 27.6% (2016); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Alcohol consumption per capita: total: 5.56 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 3.15 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 0.17 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 2.18 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 0.06 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Tobacco use: total: 9.7% (2025 est.) male: 13.5% (2025 est.) female: 5.9% (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 3% (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Currently married women (ages 15-49): 53.2% (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Child marriage: women married by age 15: 9.4% (2019) women married by age 18: 31.5% (2019); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Education expenditure: 3.8% of GDP (2023 est.) 20.9% national budget (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Literacy: total population: 94% (2024 est.) male: 93.6% (2024 est.) female: 94.4% (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 14 years (2022 est.) male: 13 years (2022 est.) female: 15 years (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Environment10 fields

Environmental issues: soil eroding into the sea damages coral reefs; deforestation; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
International environmental agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Climate: tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Land use: agricultural land: 55.4% (2023 est.) arable land: 20.2% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 11.3% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 23.8% (2023 est.) forest: 46.6% (2023 est.) other: 0% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Urbanization: urban population: 84.4% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 1.64% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Carbon dioxide emissions: 29.713 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 5.374 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 19.872 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 4.467 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Particulate matter emissions: 8 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually: 4.064 million tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 11.6% (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Total water withdrawal: municipal: 855 million cubic meters (2022 est.) industrial: 659.9 million cubic meters (2022 est.) agricultural: 7.563 billion cubic meters (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Total renewable water resources: 23.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Government25 fields

Country name: conventional long form: Dominican Republic conventional short form: The Dominican local long form: República Dominicana local short form: La Dominicana former: Santo Domingo (the capital city's name formerly applied to the entire country) etymology: the name is a latinized form of the Spanish term Santo Domingo, meaning "holy Sunday;" Spanish explorers originally settled the island on a Sunday in 1496, and the name was first given to the island of Hispaniola as a whole in 1697; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Government type: presidential republic; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Capital: name: Santo Domingo geographic coordinates: 18 28 N, 69 54 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: named after Saint Domingo de GUZMAN (1170-1221), founder of the Dominican Order; the city's full name was originally Santo Domingo de Guzman; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Administrative divisions: 31 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia), 1 district* (distrito); Azua, Baoruco, Barahona, Dajabón, Distrito Nacional*, Duarte, Elías Piña, El Seibo, Espaillat, Hato Mayor, Hermanas Mirabal, Independencia, La Altagracia, La Romana, La Vega, María Trinidad Sánchez, Monseñor Nouel, Monte Cristi, Monte Plata, Pedernales, Peravia, Puerto Plata, Samaná, Sánchez Ramírez, San Cristóbal, San José de Ocoa, San Juan, San Pedro de Macorís, Santiago, Santiago Rodríguez, Santo Domingo, Valverde; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Legal system: civil law system based on the French civil code; Criminal Procedures Code modified in 2004 to include important elements of an accusatory system; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Constitution: history: many previous (38 total); latest proclaimed 13 June 2015 amendment process: proposed by a special session of the National Congress called the National Revisory Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority approval by at least one half of those present in both houses of the Assembly; passage of amendments to constitutional articles, such as fundamental rights and guarantees, territorial composition, nationality, or the procedures for constitutional reform, also requires approval in a referendum; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Citizenship: citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of the Dominican Republic dual citizenship recognized: yes residency requirement for naturalization: 2 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory; married persons can vote, regardless of age note: members of the armed forces and national police by law cannot vote; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Executive branch: chief of state: President Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (since 16 August 2020) head of government: President Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (since 16 August 2020) cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the president election/appointment process: president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 4-year term (eligible for a maximum of two consecutive terms) most recent election date: 19 May 2024 election results: 2024: Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona reelected president; percent of vote - Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (PRM) 57.5%, Leonel Antonio FERNÁNDEZ Reyna (FP) 28.8%, Abel MARTÍNEZ (PLD) 10.4%, other 3.3% 2020: Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona elected president in first round; percent of vote - Luis Rodolfo ABINADER Corona (PRM) 52.5%, Gonzalo CASTILLO Terrero (PLD) 37.5%, Leonel Antonio FERNÁNDEZ Reyna (FP) 8.9%, other 1.1% expected date of next election: 21 May 2028 note: the president is both chief of state and head of government; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Legislative branch: legislature name: National Congress of the Republic (Congreso Nacional de la República) legislative structure: bicameral; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Legislative branch - lower chamber: chamber name: Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados) number of seats: 190 (all directly elected) electoral system: proportional representation scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 4 years most recent election date: 5/19/2024 parties elected and seats per party: Modern Revolutionary Party (PRM) and its allies (146); People’s Force (FP) and its allies (28); Other (16) percentage of women in chamber: 37.4% expected date of next election: May 2028; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Legislative branch - upper chamber: chamber name: Senate (Senado) number of seats: 32 (all directly elected) electoral system: proportional representation scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 4 years most recent election date: 5/19/2024 parties elected and seats per party: Modern Revolutionary Party (PRM) and its allies (24); People’s Force (FP) and its allies (3); Other (5) percentage of women in chamber: 12.5% expected date of next election: May 2028; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Judicial branch: highest court(s): Supreme Court of Justice or Suprema Corte de Justicia (consists of a minimum of 16 magistrates); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 13 judges) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary composed of the president, the leaders of both chambers of congress, the president of the Supreme Court, and a non-governing party congressional representative; Supreme Court judges appointed for 7-year terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed for 9-year terms subordinate courts: courts of appeal; courts of first instance; justices of the peace; special courts for juvenile, labor, and land cases; Contentious Administrative Court for cases filed against the government; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Political parties: Alliance for Democracy or APD Broad Front (Frente Amplio) Country Alliance or AP Dominican Liberation Party or PLD Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD Dominicans For Change or DXC Independent Revolutionary Party or PRI Institutional Social Democratic Bloc or BIS Liberal Reformist Party or PRL (formerly the Liberal Party of the Dominican Republic or PLRD) Modern Revolutionary Party or PRM National Progressive Front or FNP People's First Party or PPG People's Force or FP Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador María Isabel CASTILLO BÁEZ (since 11 June 2025) chancery: 1715 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 332-6280 FAX: [1] (202) 265-8057 email address and website: embassy@drembassyusa.org http://drembassyusa.org/ consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angelos, Miami, New Jersey, New Orleans, New York, Orlando, Philadelphia; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Leah F. CAMPOS (since 19 November 2025) embassy: Av. Republica de Colombia #57, Santo Domingo mailing address: 3470 Santo Domingo Place, Washington DC 20521-3470 telephone: (809) 567-7775 email address and website: SDOAmericans@state.gov https://do.usembassy.gov/; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
International organization participation: ACP, ACS, AOSIS, BCIE, Caricom (observer), CD, CELAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, MIGA, MINUSMA, NAM, OAS, OIF (observer), OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, Petrocaribe, SICA (associated member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Independence: 27 February 1844 (from Haiti); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National holiday: Independence Day, 27 February (1844); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Flag: description: a centered white cross extends to the edges and divides the flag into four rectangles; the top ones are ultramarine blue (left side) and vermilion red, and the bottom ones are vermilion red (left side) and ultramarine blue; a small coat of arms with a shield supported by a laurel branch and a palm branch is at the center of the cross; above the shield, a blue ribbon displays the motto DIOS, PATRIA, LIBERTAD (God, Fatherland, Liberty); below the shield, REPUBLICA DOMINICANA is on a red ribbon; on the shield, a Bible is opened to a verse that reads "Y la verdad nos hara libre" (And the truth shall set you free) meaning: blue stands for liberty, white for salvation, and red for the blood of heroes; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National symbol(s): palmchat (bird); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National color(s): red, white, blue; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National anthem(s): title: "Himno Nacional" (National Anthem) lyrics/music: Emilio PRUD'HOMME/Jose REYES history: adopted 1934; also known as "Quisqueyanos valientes" (Valiant Sons of Quisqueye); the anthem refers to the Dominican people as Quisqueyanos, which comes from the ethnic name for the island; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
National heritage: total World Heritage Sites: 1 (cultural) selected World Heritage Site locales: Colonial City of Santo Domingo; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Economy32 fields

Economic overview: surging middle-income tourism, construction, mining, and telecommunications OECS economy; major foreign US direct investment and free-trade zones; developing local financial markets; improving debt management; declining poverty; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $276.884 billion (2024 est.) $263.82 billion (2023 est.) $258.16 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Real GDP growth rate: 5% (2024 est.) 2.2% (2023 est.) 5.2% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Real GDP per capita: $24,200 (2024 est.) $23,300 (2023 est.) $23,000 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
GDP (official exchange rate): $124.282 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.3% (2024 est.) 4.8% (2023 est.) 8.8% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 4.5% (2024 est.) industry: 28.7% (2024 est.) services: 59.8% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 67.7% (2024 est.) government consumption: 11.5% (2024 est.) investment in fixed capital: 26.1% (2024 est.) investment in inventories: 0.9% (2024 est.) exports of goods and services: 22.8% (2024 est.) imports of goods and services: -29% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Agricultural products: sugarcane, bananas, papayas, plantains, avocados, rice, milk, watermelons, vegetables, pineapples (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Industries: tourism, sugar processing, gold mining, textiles, cement, tobacco, electrical components, medical devices; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Industrial production growth rate: 3% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Labor force: 5.413 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Unemployment rate: 5.5% (2024 est.) 5.6% (2023 est.) 5.6% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total: 11.7% (2024 est.) male: 9.2% (2024 est.) female: 15.5% (2024 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Population below poverty line: 23% (2023 est.) note: % of population with income below national poverty line; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: 38.4 (2023 est.) note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Average household expenditures: on food: 28.1% of household expenditures (2023 est.) on alcohol and tobacco: 3.8% of household expenditures (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 2.3% (2023 est.) highest 10%: 29.1% (2023 est.) note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Remittances: 9% of GDP (2024 est.) 8.8% of GDP (2023 est.) 9.1% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Budget: revenues: $20.418 billion (2023 est.) expenditures: $24.348 billion (2023 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Public debt: 34.6% of GDP (2016 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Taxes and other revenues: 14.5% (of GDP) (2023 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Current account balance: -$4.167 billion (2024 est.) -$4.418 billion (2023 est.) -$6.549 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Exports: $28.563 billion (2024 est.) $25.79 billion (2023 est.) $25.169 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Exports - partners: USA 52%, Switzerland 7%, Haiti 6%, China 5%, India 3% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Exports - commodities: medical instruments, tobacco, gold, garments, power equipment (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Imports: $36.144 billion (2024 est.) $34.45 billion (2023 est.) $36.838 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Imports - partners: USA 40%, China 18%, Brazil 4%, Spain 4%, Mexico 3% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Imports - commodities: refined petroleum, cars, natural gas, plastic products, crude petroleum (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $13.471 billion (2024 est.) $15.547 billion (2023 est.) $14.523 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Debt - external: $35.044 billion (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Exchange rates: Dominican pesos (DOP) per US dollar - 59.565 (2024 est.) 56.158 (2023 est.) 55.141 (2022 est.) 57.221 (2021 est.) 56.525 (2020 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Energy7 fields

Electricity access: electrification - total population: 98.1% (2022 est.) electrification - urban areas: 98.8% electrification - rural areas: 95%; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Electricity: installed generating capacity: 6.581 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 22.193 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 2.369 billion kWh (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels: 82.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 5.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) wind: 4.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Coal: consumption: 2.356 million metric tons (2023 est.) imports: 2.356 million metric tons (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Petroleum: refined petroleum consumption: 146,000 bbl/day (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Natural gas: consumption: 2.277 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) exports: 1.997 million cubic meters (2023 est.) imports: 2.279 billion cubic meters (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Energy consumption per capita: 39.329 million Btu/person (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Communications6 fields

Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 1.15 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 10 (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 10.7 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 94 (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Broadcast media: combination of state-owned and privately owned broadcast media; 1 state-owned TV network and a number of private TV networks; networks operate repeaters to extend signals throughout country; over 300 state-owned and privately owned radio stations (2019); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Internet country code: .do; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Internet users: percent of population: 85% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total: 1.26 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Transportation6 fields

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: HI; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Airports: 32 (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Heliports: 8 (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Railways: total: 496 km (2014) standard gauge: 354 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 142 km (2014) 0.762-m gauge; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Merchant marine: total: 40 (2023) by type: container ship 1, general cargo 2, oil tanker 1, other 36; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Ports: total ports: 17 (2024) large: 0 medium: 2 small: 7 very small: 6 size unknown: 2 ports with oil terminals: 7 key ports: Andres (Andres Lng Terminal), Las Calderas, Puerto de Haina, Puerto Plata, Punta Nizao Oil Terminal, San Pedro de Macoris, Santa Barbara de Samana, Santa Cruz de Barahona, Santo Domingo; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Military and Security6 fields

Military and security forces: Armed Forces of the Dominican Republic: Army of the Dominican Republic (Ejercito de la República Dominicana, ERD), Navy (Armada de República Dominicana or ARD; includes naval infantry), Dominican Air Force (Fuerza Aerea de la República Dominicana, FARD) (2025) note 1: in addition to the three main branches of the military, the Ministry of Defense directs the Specialized Border Security Corps (CESFRONT), the Specialized Corps in Port Security (CESEP), and the Specialized Corps in Airport and Civil Aviation Safety (CESAC); these specialized corps are joint forces, made up of civilians and personnel from all the military branches; they may also assist in overall citizen security working together with the National Police, which is under the Ministry of Interior; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military expenditures: 0.8% of GDP (2024 est.) 0.7% of GDP (2023 est.) 0.7% of GDP (2022 est.) 0.7% of GDP (2021 est.) 0.8% of GDP (2020 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military and security service personnel strengths: approximately 55-60,000 Armed Forces; up to 35,000 National Police (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: the military's equipment inventory comes largely from the US, with smaller quantities from such suppliers as Brazil and Spain (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military service age and obligation: 17-early 20s for voluntary military service for men and women (ages vary depending on military service and position; under 18 admitted with permission of parents) (2025) note: as of 2024, women made up approximately 17% of the active-duty military; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Military - note: the military is responsible for defending the independence, integrity, and sovereignty of the Dominican Republic; it also has an internal security role, which includes assisting with airport, border, port, tourism, and urban security, supporting the police in maintaining or restoring public order, countering transnational crime, and providing disaster or emergency relief/management; a key area of focus is securing the country’s 217-mile (350-kilometer) long border with Haiti, where the Army in recent years has assigned thousands of troops to assist with security; these forces complement the personnel of the Border Security Corps permanently deployed along the border; the Air Force and Navy also provide support to the Haitian border mission; the Army has a brigade dedicated to managing and providing relief during natural disasters; the military also contributes personnel to the National Drug Control Directorate, and both the Air Force and Navy devote assets to detecting and interdicting narcotics trafficking; the Navy conducts regular bilateral maritime interdiction exercises with the US Navy (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

Transnational Issues2 fields

Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees: 1,004 (2024 est.) IDPs: 390 (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source
Illicit drugs: USG identification: major illicit drug-producing and/or drug-transit country (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-20 · source

The underlying United States government material is public domain. The Almanac’s reuse terms do not change the legal status of this preserved source layer.

Dominican Republic at a glance

Dominican Republic through time

Admitted to the United Nations

Changes since the final CIA profile

People, economy, and access

Maintained profile