World · permanent entity record · GG
Georgia
Thirty-second orientation
Georgia at a glance
- Nationality / demonym
- noun: Georgian(s); adjective: Georgian
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
- Government
- semi-presidential republic
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
- Languages
- Georgian (official) 87.6%, Azeri 6.2%, Armenian 3.9%, Russian 1.2%, other 1% (including Abkhaz, the official language in Abkhazia) (2014 est.)
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Independently structured milestones · not a complete national history
Georgia through time
Admitted to the United Nations
Georgia became a member of the United Nations.
United Nations, Member States · source checked 2026-09-04
Source history · changed fields only
Changes since the final CIA profile
| Field | Maintained Almanac value | Final CIA profile |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 3,935,766World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025 | total: 4,900,961 (2024 est.) male: 2,343,068 female: 2,557,893CIA World Factbook · as of 2026-01-05 |
A difference may reflect a newer observation, a revised estimate, or a different source definition. This table reports the values and dates; it does not manufacture a trend.
World Development Indicators · latest available observation
People, economy, and access
Observation years vary by measure. Each row identifies the series and year instead of presenting unlike dates as one current snapshot.
- Gross domestic product
- $38.1 billion
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Gross domestic product per person
- $9,692
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Life expectancy at birth
- 74.7 years
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Urban population
- 61.2%
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Access to electricity
- 100.0%
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS. Underlying providers: World Bank ESMAP, Tracking SDG 7. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- People using the internet
- 83.8%
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS. Underlying providers: International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
World Development Indicators data are provided under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). The linked indicator metadata identifies the underlying statistical providers.
Maintained profile
- Capital
- Tbilisi
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · The nation set and displayed federal short name follow the current State Department independent-states register, dated August 11, 2026.
- Area
- 69,700 sq km
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · Final CIA source data preserved by a community mirror after the Factbook was retired; the mirror is not the issuing authority.
- Population
- 3,935,766
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.POP.TOTL. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Source footnote: Average of January 1st populations that are based on the results of the 2024 census. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Currency
- laris (GEL)
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · Currency label extracted from the Factbook exchange-rate field.
- Languages
- Georgian (official) 87.6%, Azeri 6.2%, Armenian 3.9%, Russian 1.2%, other 1% (including Abkhaz, the official language in Abkhazia) (2014 est.)
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · Factbook language listing reproduced without inferring official status beyond the source wording.
- Nationality / demonym
- noun: Georgian(s); adjective: Georgian
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · The source’s noun and adjective forms are retained. These are language labels, not evidence of any individual person’s citizenship.
- Continent
- Asia
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Continental label standardized from the archived profile region “Central Asia.”
- Coastline
- 310 km
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Climate
- warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Religions
- Eastern Orthodox Christian (official) 83.4%, Muslim 10.7%, Armenian Apostolic Christian 2.9%, other 1.2% (includes Roman Catholic Christian, Jehovah's Witness, Yazidi, Protestant Christian, Jewish), none 0.5%, unspecified/no answer 1.2% (2014 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Flag colors
- white, red
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Colors extracted from the flag description in the preserved final CIA profile.
- National symbol
- Saint George, lion
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Highest point
- Mt'a Shkhara · 17,037 ft (5,193 m)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Lowest point
- Black Sea · 0 ft (0 m)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- NATO membership
- Not a member
- NATO, What is NATO? · Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.
- BRICS membership
- Not a member
- BRICS Brazil, About the BRICS · Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.
Preserved public-domain record · not maintained current data
Final CIA World Factbook profile
This is the preserved historical baseline from the Factbook’s final public snapshot. It is presented as the CIA stated it, not as a current Standard American Almanac finding. Current, independently maintained facts appear above when available.
CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · profile updated · pinned source record · commit d81154954b8b
Introduction1 fields
- Background
- The region of present-day Georgia once contained the ancient kingdoms of Colchis (known as Egrisi locally) and Kartli-Iberia. The area came under Roman influence in the first centuries A.D., and Christianity became the state religion in the 330s. Persian, Arab, and Turk domination was followed by a Georgian golden age (11th-13th centuries) that was cut short when the Mongols invaded in 1236. Subsequently, the Ottoman and Persian empires competed for influence in the region. Georgia was absorbed into the Russian Empire in the 19th century. Independent for three years (1918-1921) following the Russian revolution, it was forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1921 and regained its independence when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991. In 2003, mounting public discontent over rampant corruption, ineffective government services, and a government attempt to manipulate parliamentary elections touched off widespread protests that led to the resignation of Eduard SHEVARDNADZE, who had been president since 1995. In the aftermath of this "Rose Revolution," new elections in 2004 swept Mikheil SAAKASHVILI and his United National Movement (UNM) party into power. SAAKASHVILI made progress on market reforms and governance, but he faced accusations of abuse of office. Progress was further complicated when Russian support for the separatist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia led to a five-day conflict between Russia and Georgia in August 2008, which included Russia invading large portions of Georgian territory. Russia initially pledged to pull back from most Georgian territory but then unilaterally recognized the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and Russian military forces have remained in those regions. Billionaire Bidzina IVANISHVILI's unexpected entry into politics in 2011 brought the divided opposition together under his Georgian Dream coalition, which won a majority of seats in the 2012 parliamentary elections and removed UNM from power. Conceding defeat, SAAKASHVILI named IVANISHVILI as prime minister and left the country after his presidential term ended in 2013. IVANISHVILI voluntarily resigned from office after the presidential succession, and in the years since, the prime minister position has seen frequent turnover. In 2021, SAAKASHVILI returned to Georgia, where he was immediately arrested to serve six years in prison on outstanding abuse-of-office convictions. Popular support for integration with the West is high in Georgia. Joining the EU and NATO are among the country's top foreign policy goals, and Georgia applied for EU membership in 2022, becoming a candidate country in December 2023. Georgia and the EU have a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement, and since 2017, Georgian citizens have been able to travel to the Schengen area without a visa.
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Geography17 fields
- Location
- Southwestern Asia, bordering the Black Sea, between Turkey and Russia, with a sliver of land north of the Caucasus extending into Europe; note - Georgia views itself as part of Europe; geopolitically, it can be classified as falling within Europe, the Middle East, or both
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Area
- total : 69,700 sq km land: 69,700 sq km water: 0 sq km note: approximately 12,560 sq km, or about 18% of Georgia's area, is Russian-occupied; the seized area includes all of Abkhazia and the breakaway region of South Ossetia, which consists of the northern part of Shida Kartli, eastern slivers of the Imereti region, Racha-Lechkhumi, Kvemo Svaneti, and part of western Mtskheta-Mtianeti
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Area - comparative
- slightly smaller than South Carolina; slightly larger than West Virginia
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Land boundaries
- total: 1,814 km border countries (4): Armenia 219 km; Azerbaijan 428 km; Russia 894 km; Turkey 273 km
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Maritime claims
- territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Climate
- warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Terrain
- largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south; Kolkhet'is Dablobi (Kolkhida Lowland) opens to the Black Sea in the west; Mtkvari River Basin in the east; fertile soils in river valley flood plains and foothills of Kolkhida Lowland
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Elevation
- highest point: Mt'a Shkhara 5,193 m lowest point: Black Sea 0 m mean elevation: 1,432 m
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Natural resources
- timber, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper, minor coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for important tea and citrus growth
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Land use
- agricultural land: 34.1% (2023 est.) arable land: 4.4% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 1.8% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 27.9% (2023 est.) forest: 44.6% (2023 est.) other: 21.2% (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Population distribution
- settlement concentrated in the central valley, particularly in the capital city of Tbilisi in the east; smaller urban agglomerations dot the Black Sea coast, with Bat'umi being the largest
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Geography - note
- note 1: strategically located east of the Black Sea, Georgia controls much of the Caucasus Mountains and the routes through them note 2: the world's four deepest caves are all in Georgia, including two that are the only known caves on earth deeper than 2,000 m: Krubera Cave at -2,197 m (-7,208 ft; reached in 2012) and Veryovkina Cave at -2,212 (-7,257 ft; reached in 2018)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
People and Society36 fields
- Population
- total: 4,900,961 (2024 est.) male: 2,343,068 female: 2,557,893
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Nationality
- noun: Georgian(s) adjective: Georgian
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Ethnic groups
- Georgian 86.8%, Azeri 6.3%, Armenian 4.5%, other 2.3% (includes Russian, Ossetian, Yazidi, Ukrainian, Kist, Greek) (2014 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Languages
- Georgian (official) 87.6%, Azeri 6.2%, Armenian 3.9%, Russian 1.2%, other 1% (including Abkhaz, the official language in Abkhazia) (2014 est.) major-language sample(s): მსოფლიო ფაქტების წიგნი, ძირითადი ინფორმაციის აუცილებელი წყარო. (Georgian) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Religions
- Eastern Orthodox Christian (official) 83.4%, Muslim 10.7%, Armenian Apostolic Christian 2.9%, other 1.2% (includes Roman Catholic Christian, Jehovah's Witness, Yazidi, Protestant Christian, Jewish), none 0.5%, unspecified/no answer 1.2% (2014 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Age structure
- 0-14 years: 20.6% (male 520,091/female 489,882) 15-64 years: 62.7% (male 1,500,036/female 1,572,637) 65 years and over: 16.7% (2024 est.) (male 322,941/female 495,374)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Dependency ratios
- total dependency ratio: 59.5 (2024 est.) youth dependency ratio: 32.9 (2024 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 26.6 (2024 est.) potential support ratio: 3.8 (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Median age
- total: 38.6 years (2025 est.) male: 35.9 years female: 40.6 years
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Birth rate
- 11.74 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Death rate
- 12.89 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Net migration rate
- -3.33 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Population distribution
- settlement concentrated in the central valley, particularly in the capital city of Tbilisi in the east; smaller urban agglomerations dot the Black Sea coast, with Bat'umi being the largest
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Urbanization
- urban population: 60.7% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.35% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) note: data include Abkhazia and South Ossetia
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Major urban areas - population
- 1.082 million TBILISI (capital) (2023)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Sex ratio
- at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Mother's mean age at first birth
- 25.9 years (2019 est.) note: data does not cover Abkhazia and South Ossetia
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Maternal mortality ratio
- 20 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Infant mortality rate
- total: 20.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 23.6 deaths/1,000 live births female: 19.7 deaths/1,000 live births
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Life expectancy at birth
- total population: 72.8 years (2024 est.) male: 68.7 years female: 77.2 years
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Total fertility rate
- 1.94 children born/woman (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Drinking water source
- urban: 99.2% of population (2022 est.) rural: 88.5% of population (2022 est.) total: 95% of population (2022 est.) urban: 0.8% of population (2022 est.) rural: 11.5% of population (2022 est.) total: 5% of population (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Health expenditure
- 7.4% of GDP (2022) 10.5% of national budget (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Physician density
- 5.64 physicians/1,000 population (2023)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Hospital bed density
- 4.9 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Sanitation facility access
- urban: 96.6% of population (2022 est.) rural: 72.5% of population (2022 est.) total: 87.1% of population (2022 est.) urban: 3.4% of population (2022 est.) rural: 27.5% of population (2022 est.) total: 12.9% of population (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Alcohol consumption per capita
- total: 7.45 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 1.71 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 3.19 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 2.52 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Tobacco use
- total: 28.7% (2025 est.) male: 53.9% (2025 est.) female: 7.5% (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Children under the age of 5 years underweight
- 2.1% (2018 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Currently married women (ages 15-49)
- 65.3% (2018 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Child marriage
- women married by age 15: 0.3% (2018) women married by age 18: 13.9% (2018) men married by age 18: 0.5% (2018)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Education expenditure
- 4% of GDP (2024 est.) 12.2% national budget (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Literacy
- total population: 99.7% (2024 est.) male: 99.8% (2024 est.) female: 99.6% (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
- total: 16 years (2023 est.) male: 16 years (2023 est.) female: 17 years (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Environment10 fields
- Environmental issues
- air pollution, particularly in Rust'avi; heavy water pollution of Mtkvari River and the Black Sea; inadequate supplies of potable water; soil pollution from toxic chemicals; land and forest degradation; biodiversity loss; waste management
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- International environmental agreements
- party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Climate
- warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Land use
- agricultural land: 34.1% (2023 est.) arable land: 4.4% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 1.8% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 27.9% (2023 est.) forest: 44.6% (2023 est.) other: 21.2% (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Urbanization
- urban population: 60.7% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.35% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) note: data include Abkhazia and South Ossetia
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Carbon dioxide emissions
- 10.7 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 812,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 4.469 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 5.419 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Particulate matter emissions
- 18.6 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Waste and recycling
- municipal solid waste generated annually: 800,000 tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 19.6% (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Total water withdrawal
- municipal: 504.96 million cubic meters (2022) industrial: 354.46 million cubic meters (2022) agricultural: 433.96 million cubic meters (2022)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Total renewable water resources
- 63.33 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Government23 fields
- Country name
- conventional long form: none conventional short form: Georgia local long form: Republic of Georgia local short form: Sak'art'velo former: Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic etymology: the Western name probably derives from the name of the local people, the Gurz, whose name origin is uncertain; the native name "Sak'art'velo" means "Land of the Kartvelians" and refers to the core central Georgian region of Kartli
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Capital
- name: Tbilisi geographic coordinates: 41 41 N, 44 50 E time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: the name comes from the Georgian word tbili, meaning "warm" and referring to the hot sulfur springs in the area
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Administrative divisions
- 9 regions (mkharebi, singular - mkhare), 1 city (kalaki), and 2 autonomous republics (avtomnoy respubliki, singular - avtom respublika) regions: Guria, Imereti, Kakheti, Kvemo Kartli, Mtskheta Mtianeti, Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, Samegrelo and Zemo Svaneti, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Shida Kartli; note - the breakaway region of South Ossetia consists of the northern part of Shida Kartli, eastern slivers of the Imereti region and Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti, and part of western Mtskheta-Mtianeti city: Tbilisi autonomous republics: Abkhazia or Ap'khazet'is Avtonomiuri Respublika (Sokhumi), Ajaria or Acharis Avtonomiuri Respublika (Bat'umi) note 1: the administrative centers of the two autonomous republics are shown in parentheses note 2: the United States recognizes the breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia as part of Georgia
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Constitution
- history: previous 1921, 1978 (based on 1977 Soviet Union constitution); latest approved 24 August 1995, effective 17 October 1995 amendment process: proposed as a draft law supported by more than one half of the Parliament membership or by petition of at least 200,000 voters; passage requires support by at least three fourths of the Parliament membership in two successive sessions three months apart and the signature and promulgation by the president of Georgia
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- International law organization participation
- accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Citizenship
- citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Georgia dual citizenship recognized: no residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President Mikheil KAVELASHVILI (since 29 December 2024) head of government: Prime Minister Irakli KOBAKHIDZE (since 8 February 2024) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers election/appointment process: president elected by a 300-member College of Electors; prime minister nominated by Parliament, appointed by the president most recent election date: 14 December 2024 election results: 2024: Mikheil KAVELASHVILI (Georgian Dream Party) was formally inaugurated on 29 December 2024 2024: Irakli KOBAKHIDZE approved as prime minister by Parliamentary vote 84-10 2018: Salome ZOURABICHVILI elected president in second round; percent of vote in second round - Salome ZOURABICHVILI (independent, backed by Georgian Dream) 59.5%, Grigol VASHADZE (UNM) 40.5%; Irakli GARIBASHVILI approved as prime minister by Parliamentary vote 89-2 expected date of next election: 2029
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Legislative branch
- legislature name: Parliament (Sakartvelos Parlamenti) legislative structure: unicameral number of seats: 150 (all directly elected) electoral system: proportional representation scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 4 years most recent election date: 10/26/2024 parties elected and seats per party: Georgian Dream (89); Coalition for Changes (19); Unity - National Movement (16); Strong Georgia – Lelo, For people, For Liberty! (14); For Georgia (12) percentage of women in chamber: 16.8% expected date of next election: October 2028
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Judicial branch
- highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 28 judges organized into several specialized judicial chambers; number of judges determined by the president of Georgia); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges nominated by the High Council of Justice (a 14-member body consisting of the Supreme Court chairperson, common court judges, and appointees of the president of Georgia) and appointed by Parliament; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed 3 each by the president, by Parliament, and by the Supreme Court judges; judges appointed for 10-year terms subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; regional (town) and district courts note: the Abkhazian and Ajarian Autonomous republics each have a supreme court and a hierarchy of lower courts
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Political parties
- Ahali Citizens Conservative Party Droa European Georgia - Movement for Liberty For Georgia For the People Freedom Square Georgian Dream Girchi - More Freedom Law and Justice Lelo for Georgia National Democratic Party People's Power Progress and Freedom Republican Party State for the People Strategy Aghmashenebeli United National Movement or UNM
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Diplomatic representation in the US
- chief of mission: Ambassador Tamar TALIASHVILI (since 24 July 2025) chancery: 1824 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 387-2390 FAX: [1] (202) 387-0864 email address and website: embgeo.usa@mfa.gov.ge https://georgiaembassyusa.org/contact/ consulate(s) general: New York, San Francisco
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Diplomatic representation from the US
- chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Alan S. PURCELL (since 16 July 2025) embassy: 29 Georgian-American Friendship Avenue, Didi Dighomi, Tbilisi, 0131 mailing address: 7060 Tbilisi Place, Washington, DC 20521-7060 telephone: [995] (32) 227-70-00 FAX: [995] (32) 253-23-10 email address and website: askconsultbilisi@state.gov https://ge.usembassy.gov/
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- International organization participation
- ADB, BSEC, CD, CE, CPLP (associate), EAPC, EBRD, FAO, G-11, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, OAS (observer), OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Independence
- 9 April 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier date: A.D. 1008 (Georgia unified under King BAGRAT III)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National holiday
- Independence Day, 26 May (1918) note: 26 May 1918 was the date of independence from Soviet Russia; 9 April 1991 was the date of independence from the Soviet Union
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Flag
- description: white rectangle with a central red cross extending to all four sides of the flag; each of the four quadrants displays a small red bolnur-katskhuri cross (also known as Bolnisi cross), which has equal-length arms that are slightly wider at the end than in the center history: sometimes referred to as the Five-Cross Flag, the design is based on a 14th-century banner of the Kingdom of Georgia
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National anthem(s)
- title: "Tavisupleba" (Liberty) lyrics/music: Davit MAGRADSE/Zakaria PALIASHVILI (adapted by Joseb KETSCHAKMADSE) history: adopted 2004, after the Rose Revolution; based on music from the operas "Abesalom da Eteri" and "Daisi"
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National heritage
- total World Heritage Sites: 4 (3 cultural, 1 natural) selected World Heritage Site locales: Gelati Monastery (c); Historical Monuments of Mtskheta (c); Upper Svaneti (c); Colchic Rainforests and Wetlands (n)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Economy32 fields
- Economic overview
- upper-middle income, fast-growing South Caucasus economy; regionally focused exporter of cars, metal ores, and energy; financial and migrant inflows resulting from Ukraine conflict; EU accession talks suspended over disputed election and foreign influence law; low inflation but persistent high unemployment
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
- $91.849 billion (2024 est.) $83.935 billion (2023 est.) $77.838 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Real GDP growth rate
- 9.4% (2024 est.) 7.8% (2023 est.) 11% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Real GDP per capita
- $25,000 (2024 est.) $22,600 (2023 est.) $21,000 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- GDP (official exchange rate)
- $33.776 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Inflation rate (consumer prices)
- 1.1% (2024 est.) 2.5% (2023 est.) 11.9% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- GDP - composition, by sector of origin
- agriculture: 5.4% (2024 est.) industry: 19.1% (2024 est.) services: 62.8% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- GDP - composition, by end use
- household consumption: 71.3% (2024 est.) government consumption: 13.4% (2024 est.) investment in fixed capital: 22% (2024 est.) investment in inventories: 0.8% (2024 est.) exports of goods and services: 48.4% (2024 est.) imports of goods and services: -56% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Agricultural products
- milk, grapes, potatoes, maize, wheat, tangerines/mandarins, tomatoes, barley, apples, eggs (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Industries
- steel, machine tools, electrical appliances, mining (manganese, copper, gold), chemicals, wood products, wine
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Industrial production growth rate
- 5.4% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Labor force
- 1.833 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Unemployment rate
- 11.5% (2024 est.) 11.6% (2023 est.) 11.7% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
- total: 29.9% (2024 est.) male: 28.4% (2024 est.) female: 32.4% (2024 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Population below poverty line
- 11.8% (2023 est.) note: % of population with income below national poverty line
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
- 34.8 (2023 est.) note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Average household expenditures
- on food: 39% of household expenditures (2023 est.) on alcohol and tobacco: 3.8% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Household income or consumption by percentage share
- lowest 10%: 2.7% (2023 est.) highest 10%: 26.9% (2023 est.) note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Remittances
- 11.8% of GDP (2024 est.) 13.7% of GDP (2023 est.) 15.4% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Budget
- revenues: $8.686 billion (2023 est.) expenditures: $9.307 billion (2023 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Public debt
- 43.4% of GDP (2023 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Taxes and other revenues
- 23.6% (of GDP) (2023 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Current account balance
- -$1.491 billion (2024 est.) -$1.709 billion (2023 est.) -$1.105 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exports
- $16.321 billion (2024 est.) $15.173 billion (2023 est.) $13.24 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exports - partners
- Azerbaijan 13%, Turkey 11%, Armenia 11%, Russia 10%, Kyrgyzstan 8% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exports - commodities
- cars, copper ore, electricity, garments, wine (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Imports
- $18.915 billion (2024 est.) $17.816 billion (2023 est.) $15.665 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Imports - partners
- Turkey 16%, USA 13%, Russia 11%, China 8%, Germany 6% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Imports - commodities
- cars, refined petroleum, packaged medicine, natural gas, garments (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
- $4.447 billion (2024 est.) $5.002 billion (2023 est.) $4.886 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Debt - external
- $9.085 billion (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exchange rates
- laris (GEL) per US dollar - 2.721 (2024 est.) 2.628 (2023 est.) 2.916 (2022 est.) 3.222 (2021 est.) 3.109 (2020 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Energy7 fields
- Electricity access
- electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Electricity
- installed generating capacity: 4.526 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 12.569 billion kWh (2023 est.) exports: 4.913 billion kWh (2023 est.) imports: 4.234 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 1.148 billion kWh (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Electricity generation sources
- fossil fuels: 23.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) wind: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 75.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Coal
- production: 148,000 metric tons (2023 est.) consumption: 384,000 metric tons (2023 est.) exports: 80 metric tons (2023 est.) imports: 223,000 metric tons (2023 est.) proven reserves: 900.999 million metric tons (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Petroleum
- total petroleum production: 300 bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 34,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 35 million barrels (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Natural gas
- production: 10.77 million cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 2.775 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) imports: 2.764 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 8.495 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Energy consumption per capita
- 56.076 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Communications6 fields
- Telephones - fixed lines
- total subscriptions: 278,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 7 (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Telephones - mobile cellular
- total subscriptions: 5.91 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 156 (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Broadcast media
- state-owned Georgian Public Broadcaster (GPB) includes Channel 1, Channel 2, and Adjara TV; independent commercial TV broadcasters include Imedi, Rustavi 2, Pirveli TV, Maestro, Kavkasia, Georgian Dream Studios (GDS), Obiektivi, Mtavari Arkhi, and TOK TV (Russian language); Tabula and Post TV are web-based TV outlets; Georgian Orthodox Church operates a satellite-based television station called Unanimity; 26 regional TV broadcasters; TV shifted to digital in 2015; several dozen private radio stations; GPB operates 2 radio stations (2019)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Internet users
- percent of population: 82% (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Broadband - fixed subscriptions
- total: 1.1 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 29 (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Transportation6 fields
- Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
- 4L
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Railways
- total: 1,363 km (2014) narrow gauge: 37 km (2014) 0.912-m gauge (37 km electrified) broad gauge: 1,326 km (2014) 1.520-m gauge (1,251 km electrified)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Merchant marine
- total: 26 (2023) by type: general cargo 3, other 23
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Ports
- total ports: 3 (2024) large: 0 medium: 0 small: 1 very small: 2 ports with oil terminals: 2 key ports: Batumi, Sokhumi, Supsa Marine Terminal
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Military and Security6 fields
- Military and security forces
- Georgian Defense Forces (GDF; aka Defense Forces of Georgia, DFG): Ground Forces, Air Force, Special Operations Forces, National Guard Ministry of Internal Affairs: Police, Border Police of Georgia, Coast Guard of Georgia (includes naval forces, which were merged with the Coast Guard in 2009) (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military expenditures
- 1.7% of GDP (2024 est.) 1.7% of GDP (2023 est.) 1.6% of GDP (2022 est.) 1.5% of GDP (2021 est.) 1.6% of GDP (2020 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military and security service personnel strengths
- the Georgia Defense Forces are authorized up to 37,000 personnel (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
- the majority of the military's inventory consists of Soviet-era weapons and equipment, some of which has been upgraded; it has smaller quantities of mostly secondhand material from such countries as Israel, Poland, Türkiye, and the US, as well as some domestically produced equipment; Georgia has a small defense industry which produces such items as small arms and light armored vehicles (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military service age and obligation
- 18-35 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; conscription was abolished in 2016, but reinstated in 2017 for men 18-27 years of age; conscript service obligation is up to 11 months depending on the assigned ministry, job specialty, and if the service is carried out in a combat unit (2025) note: conscripts serve in the Defense Forces, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, or the Ministry of Corrections
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military - note
- the Defense Forces of Georgia (DFG) are responsible for protecting the independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of the country; the DFG also provides units for multinational military operations abroad and supports the Border Police in border protection and civil authorities in counter-terrorist operations, if requested; it is focused primarily on Russia, which maintains military bases and troops in occupied Abkhazia and South Ossetia; a five-day conflict with Russian forces in 2008 resulted in the defeat and expulsion of Georgian forces from the breakaway regions Georgia is not a member of NATO but has had a relationship with the Alliance since 1992 and declared its aspiration to join in 2002; the military is working to make itself more compatible with NATO and has participated in multinational exercises and security operations abroad with NATO, such as Afghanistan, where it was one of the top non-NATO contributors, and Kosovo; the DFG has also contributed troops to EU and UN missions (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Transnational Issues1 fields
- Refugees and internally displaced persons
- refugees: 31,791 (2024 est.) IDPs: 347,754 (2024 est.) stateless persons: 488 (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
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