World · permanent entity record · HK

Hong Kong

Thirty-second orientation

Hong Kong at a glance

Population: total: 7,305,556 (2025 est.) male: 3,367,222 female: 3,938,334; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18
Area: total : 1,108 sq km land: 1,073 sq km water: 35 sq km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18
Nationality / demonym: noun: Chinese/Hong Konger adjective: Chinese/Hong Kong; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18
Government: presidential limited democracy; a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18
Languages: Cantonese (official) 85.4%, English (official) 4.5%, Putonghua (official) 2.2%, other Chinese dialects 2.8%, other 2%, persons under 5 or mute 3.2% (2021 est.) major-language sample(s): 世界概况, 必須擁有的基本資料参考书 (Cantonese) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. note: data represent population by usual spoken language; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18

Claims are attributed · classifications are dated

Claims and contested status

Maintained classification

Dependency or area of special sovereignty

China — special administrative region

U.S. Department of State, Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty · as of 2026-03-31

A claim’s appearance records that the cited source reports it. It does not constitute an Almanac ruling on sovereignty.

Maintained profile

Classification: Dependency or area of special sovereignty; U.S. Department of State, Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty · as of 2026-03-31Federal classification and wording follow the current State Department register.
Sovereignty or administration: China — special administrative region; U.S. Department of State, Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty · as of 2026-03-31
Administrative center: None; U.S. Department of State, Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty · as of 2026-03-31

Preserved public-domain record · not maintained current data

Final CIA World Factbook profile

This is the preserved historical baseline from the Factbook’s final public snapshot. It is presented as the CIA stated it, not as a current Standard American Almanac finding. Current, independently maintained facts appear above when available.

CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · profile updated 2026-01-18 · pinned source record · commit d81154954b8b

Introduction1 fields

Background: The UK seized Hong Kong in 1841, and China formally ceded it the following year at the end of the First Opium War. The Kowloon Peninsula was added in 1860 at the end of the Second Opium War, and the UK obtained a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898. Pursuant to a UK-China agreement in 1984, Hong Kong became the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) of the People's Republic of China as of 1 July 1997. In this agreement, China promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic and strict political system would not be imposed on Hong Kong and that Hong Kong would enjoy a "high degree of autonomy" in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the next 50 years. After the handover, Hong Kong continued to enjoy success as an international financial center. However, growing Chinese political influence and dissatisfaction with the Hong Kong Government in the 2010s became central issues and led to considerable civil unrest, including large-scale pro-democracy demonstrations in 2019 after the HKSAR attempted to revise a local ordinance to allow extraditions to mainland China. In response to the protests, the governments of the HKSAR and China reduced the city's autonomy and placed new restrictions on the rights of Hong Kong residents, moves that were widely criticized as contravening obligations under the Hong Kong Basic Law and the Sino-British Joint Declaration. Democratic lawmakers and political figures were arrested in a widespread crackdown, while others fled abroad. At the same time, dozens of civil society groups and several independent media outlets were closed or disbanded. In 2021, Beijing imposed a more restrictive electoral system, restructuring the Legislative Council (LegCo) and allowing only government-approved candidates to run for office. The changes ensured that virtually all seats in the 2021 LegCo election went to pro-establishment candidates and effectively ended political opposition to Beijing. In 2024, the LegCo passed a new national security law (Article 23 of the Basic Law) further expanding the Hong Kong Government's power to curb dissent.; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

Geography17 fields

Location: Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Geographic coordinates: 22 15 N, 114 10 E; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Map references: Southeast Asia; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Area: total : 1,108 sq km land: 1,073 sq km water: 35 sq km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Area - comparative: six times the size of Washington, D.C.; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Land boundaries: total: 33 km regional borders (1): China 33 km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Coastline: 733 km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Climate: subtropical monsoon; cool and humid in winter, hot and rainy from spring through summer, warm and sunny in fall; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Terrain: hilly to mountainous with steep slopes; lowlands in north; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Elevation: highest point: Tai Mo Shan 958 m lowest point: South China Sea 0 m; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Natural resources: outstanding deepwater harbor, feldspar; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Land use: agricultural land: 3.8% (2023 est.) arable land: 1.9% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 1% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 1% (2023 est.) forest: 0% (2022 est.) other: 96.2% (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Irrigated land: 10 sq km (2012); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Population distribution: population fairly evenly distributed; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Natural hazards: occasional typhoons; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Geography - note: consists of a mainland area (the New Territories) and over 200 islands; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

People and Society28 fields

Population: total: 7,305,556 (2025 est.) male: 3,367,222 female: 3,938,334; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Nationality: noun: Chinese/Hong Konger adjective: Chinese/Hong Kong; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Ethnic groups: Chinese 91.6%, Filipino 2.7%, Indonesian 1.9%, other 3.7% (2021 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Languages: Cantonese (official) 85.4%, English (official) 4.5%, Putonghua (official) 2.2%, other Chinese dialects 2.8%, other 2%, persons under 5 or mute 3.2% (2021 est.) major-language sample(s): 世界概况, 必須擁有的基本資料参考书 (Cantonese) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. note: data represent population by usual spoken language; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Religions: Buddhist or Taoist 27.9%, Protestant 6.7%, Roman Catholic 5.3%, Muslim 4.2%, Hindu 1.4%, Sikh 0.2%, other or none 54.3% (2016 est.) note: many people practice Confucianism, regardless of their religion or not having a religious affiliation; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Age structure: 0-14 years: 13.2% (male 505,718/female 459,956) 15-64 years: 64.8% (male 2,123,216/female 2,609,102) 65 years and over: 21.9% (2024 est.) (male 738,878/female 860,951); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 56.7 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 20.8 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 35.8 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 2.8 (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Median age: total: 47.6 years (2025 est.) male: 45.3 years female: 48.6 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Population growth rate: 0.09% (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Birth rate: 7.45 births/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Death rate: 8.16 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Net migration rate: 1.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Population distribution: population fairly evenly distributed; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Urbanization: urban population: 100% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.58% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Major urban areas - population: 7.685 million Hong Kong (2023); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.81 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female total population: 0.86 male(s)/female (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Mother's mean age at first birth: 29.8 years (2008 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Infant mortality rate: total: 2.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 2.8 deaths/1,000 live births female: 2.2 deaths/1,000 live births; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 84 years (2024 est.) male: 81.3 years female: 86.8 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Total fertility rate: 1.24 children born/woman (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Gross reproduction rate: 0.6 (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Drinking water source: urban: 100% of population (2022 est.) rural: NA total: 100% of population (2022 est.) urban: 0% of population (2022 est.) rural: NA total: 0% of population (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Physician density: 2.04 physicians/1,000 population (2020); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Hospital bed density: 4.9 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Sanitation facility access: urban: 96.5% of population (2022 est.) total: 96.5% of population (2022 est.) urban: 3.5% of population (2022 est.) total: 3.5% of population (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Currently married women (ages 15-49): 49.8% (2021 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Education expenditure: 3.8% of GDP (2024 est.) 15.7% national budget (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 17 years (2023 est.) male: 17 years (2023 est.) female: 17 years (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

Environment6 fields

Environmental issues: air and water pollution from rapid urbanization; urban waste pollution; industrial pollution; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Climate: subtropical monsoon; cool and humid in winter, hot and rainy from spring through summer, warm and sunny in fall; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Land use: agricultural land: 3.8% (2023 est.) arable land: 1.9% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 1% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 1% (2023 est.) forest: 0% (2022 est.) other: 96.2% (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Urbanization: urban population: 100% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.58% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Carbon dioxide emissions: 58.433 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 12.935 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 35.453 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 10.045 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually: 5.68 million tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 34% (2016 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

Government20 fields

Country name: conventional long form: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region conventional short form: Hong Kong local long form: Heung Kong Takpit Hangching Ku (Eitel/Dyer-Ball) local short form: Heung Kong (Eitel/Dyer-Ball) abbreviation: HK etymology: probably an imprecise phonetic rendering of the Cantonese name meaning "fragrant harbor"; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Government type: presidential limited democracy; a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Dependency status: special administrative region of the People's Republic of China; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Legal system: mixed system of common law based on the English model and Chinese customary law (in matters of family and land tenure); China's imposition of National Security Law incorporates elements of Chinese civil law; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Constitution: history: several previous (governance documents while under British authority); latest drafted April 1988 to February 1989, approved March 1990, effective 1 July 1997 (Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China serves as the constitution) amendment process: proposed by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC), the People’s Republic of China State Council, or the Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong; submittal of proposals to the NPC requires two-thirds majority vote by the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, approval by two thirds of Hong Kong’s deputies to the NPC, and approval by the Hong Kong chief executive; final passage requires approval by the NPC note: since 1990, China's National People's Congress has interpreted specific articles of the Basic Law; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Citizenship: see China; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Suffrage: 18 years of age in direct elections for 20 of the 90 Legislative Council seats and all of the seats in 18 district councils; universal for permanent residents living in the territory of Hong Kong for the past 7 years note: in indirect elections, suffrage is limited to about 220,000 members of functional constituencies for the other 70 legislature seats and a 1,500-member election committee for the chief executive drawn from broad sectoral groupings, central government bodies, municipal organizations, and elected Hong Kong officials; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Executive branch: chief of state: President of China XI Jinping (since 14 March 2013) head of government: Chief Executive John LEE Ka-chiu (since 1 July 2022) cabinet: Executive Council or ExCo appointed by the chief executive election/appointment process: president indirectly elected by National People's Congress for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); chief executive indirectly elected by the Election Committee and appointed by the PRC Government for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term) most recent election date: president: 10 March 2023 chief executive: 8 May 2022 election results: 2022: John LEE was the only candidate and won with over 99% of the vote by the Election Committee 2017: Carrie LAM elected; Election Committee vote - Carrie LAM (non-partisan) 777, John TSANG (non-partisan) 365, WOO Kwok-hing (non-partisan) 21, 23 ballots rejected (1,186 votes cast) expected date of next election: president: March 2028 chief executive: 2027 note: electoral changes that Beijing imposed in March 2021 expanded the Election Committee to 1,500 members; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Legislative branch: legislature name: Legislative Council or LegCo legislative structure: unicameral number of seats: 90 electoral system: 20 members directly elected; 70 members indirectly elected scope of elections: full most recent election date: 7 December 2025 parties elected and seats per party: Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB) 20, Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Trade Unions (HKFTU) 8, Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong (BPA) 7, Liberal (LP) 4, New People's Party (NPP) 3, Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers (HKFEW) 2, Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Labour Unions (HKFLU) 2, Professional Power (PP) 1, Roundtable (RT) 1, New Territories Association of Societies (NTAS) 1, Kowloon West New Dynamic (KWND) 1, Independents 40 expected date of next election: December 2029 note: all political candidates are evaluated by the Candidate Eligibility Review Committee (CERC), which was established in April 2022; CERC members are all appointed by the chief executive; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Judicial branch: highest court(s): Court of Final Appeal (consists of the chief justice, 3 permanent judges, and 20 non-permanent judges) judge selection and term of office: all judges appointed by the Hong Kong Chief Executive on the recommendation of the Judicial Officers Recommendation Commission, an independent body consisting of the Secretary for Justice, other judges, and judicial and legal professionals; permanent judges serve until normal retirement at age 65, but term can be extended; non-permanent judges appointed for renewable 3-year terms without age limit subordinate courts: High Court (consists of the Court of Appeal and Court of First Instance); District Courts (includes Family and Land Courts); magistrates' courts; specialized tribunals; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Political parties: Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong or BPA Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong or DAB Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Labour Unions or HKFLU Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers or HKFEW Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions or HKFTU Kowloon West New Dynamic or KWND Liberal Party or LP New People's Party or NPP New Prospect for Hong Kong or NPHK New Territories Association of Societies or NTAS Professional Power or PP Roundtable or RT note 1: there is no political party ordinance, so there are no registered political parties; politically active groups register as societies or companies note 2: by the end of 2021, the leading pro-democracy figures in Hong Kong had been effectively removed from the political arena under the provisions of Beijing's 2021 electoral changes or via charges under the 2020 national security law; in addition, dozens of pro-democracy organizations, including political parties, unions, churches, civil rights groups, and media organizations have disbanded or closed; as of 2023, nearly all politically active groups were pro-Beijing; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: none (Special Administrative Region of China) HKETO offices: New York, San Francisco, Washington DC note: Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region of China and does not have a diplomatic presence; the Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office (HKETO) carries out normal liaison activities and communication with the US government and other US entities; the position of the Hong Kong Commissioner to the US Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is vacant; address: 1520 18th Street NW, Washington, DC 20036; telephone: [1] (202) 331-8947; FAX: [1] (202) 331-8958; email: hketo@hketowashington.gov.hk; website: https://www.hketowashington.gov.hk/; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Consul General Julie EADEH (since August 2025); note - also accredited to Macau embassy: 26 Garden Road, Central, Hong Kong mailing address: 8000 Hong Kong Place, Washington DC 20521-8000 telephone: [852] 2523-9011 FAX: [852] 2845-1598 email address and website: acshk@state.gov https://hk.usconsulate.gov/; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
International organization participation: ADB, APEC, BIS, FATF, ICC (national committees), IHO, IMF, IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITUC (NGOs), UNWTO (associate), UPU, WCO, WMO, WTO; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Independence: none (special administrative region of China); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
National holiday: National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949) note: 1 July (1997) is celebrated as Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment Day; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Flag: description: red with a stylized white Bauhinia flower with five petals in the center of the flag; each petal has a tiny five-pointed red star with a fine red line curving toward the center of the flower meaning: the red color is the same as the Chinese flag and represents the motherland, and the five stars also echo the Chinese flag; the Bauhinia flower was developed in Hong Kong the late 19th century and has come to symbolize the region; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
National symbol(s): bauhinia flower; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
National color(s): red, white; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
National anthem(s): title: "Yiyongjun Jinxingqu" (The March of the Volunteers) lyrics/music: TIAN Han/NIE Er history: official anthem, as a Special Administrative Region of China; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

Economy27 fields

Economic overview: high-income tourism- and services-based economy; global financial hub; COVID-19 and political protests fueled recent recession; ongoing recovery but lower-skilled unemployment remains high; investing in job-reskilling programs; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $497.88 billion (2024 est.) $485.541 billion (2023 est.) $470.42 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Real GDP growth rate: 2.5% (2024 est.) 3.2% (2023 est.) -3.7% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Real GDP per capita: $66,200 (2024 est.) $64,400 (2023 est.) $64,000 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
GDP (official exchange rate): $407.107 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.7% (2024 est.) 2.1% (2023 est.) 1.9% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 0% (2023 est.) industry: 6.3% (2023 est.) services: 91.4% (2023 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 67.4% (2024 est.) government consumption: 12.8% (2024 est.) investment in fixed capital: 16.2% (2024 est.) investment in inventories: -0.5% (2024 est.) exports of goods and services: 181.7% (2024 est.) imports of goods and services: -177.7% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Agricultural products: pork, chicken, spinach, vegetables, pork offal, game meat, beef, fruits, onions, pork fat (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Industries: trading and logistics, financial services, professional services, tourism, cultural and creative, clothing and textiles, shipping, electronics, toys, clocks and watches; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Industrial production growth rate: 3.4% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Labor force: 3.836 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Unemployment rate: 2.8% (2024 est.) 3% (2023 est.) 4.4% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total: 8.4% (2024 est.) male: 10.5% (2024 est.) female: 6.3% (2024 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Average household expenditures: on food: 11.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.) on alcohol and tobacco: 0.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Remittances: 0.1% of GDP (2024 est.) 0.1% of GDP (2023 est.) 0.1% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Budget: revenues: $70.124 billion (2020 est.) expenditures: $105.849 billion (2020 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Public debt: 0.1% of GDP (2016 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Current account balance: $52.475 billion (2024 est.) $32.338 billion (2023 est.) $36.525 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Exports: $739.915 billion (2024 est.) $673.738 billion (2023 est.) $697.583 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Exports - partners: China 22%, Vietnam 12%, S. Korea 8%, Netherlands 5%, Switzerland 4% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Exports - commodities: gold, integrated circuits, gas turbines, broadcasting equipment, jewelry (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Imports: $723.397 billion (2024 est.) $671.492 billion (2023 est.) $682.881 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Imports - partners: China 40%, Taiwan 10%, Singapore 7%, Japan 5%, S. Korea 4% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Imports - commodities: integrated circuits, broadcasting equipment, gold, machine parts, jewelry (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $425.554 billion (2023 est.) $424.03 billion (2022 est.) $496.867 billion (2021 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Exchange rates: Hong Kong dollars (HKD) per US dollar - 7.804 (2024 est.) 7.83 (2023 est.) 7.831 (2022 est.) 7.773 (2021 est.) 7.757 (2020 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

Energy7 fields

Electricity access: electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Electricity: installed generating capacity: 13.3 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 45.54 billion kWh (2023 est.) imports: 11.593 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 3.684 billion kWh (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels: 99.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 0.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Coal: consumption: 5.567 million metric tons (2023 est.) exports: 16,000 metric tons (2023 est.) imports: 5.884 million metric tons (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Petroleum: total petroleum production: 96 bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 233,000 bbl/day (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Natural gas: consumption: 5.12 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) imports: 5.12 billion cubic meters (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Energy consumption per capita: 116.811 million Btu/person (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

Communications6 fields

Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 3.487 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 47 (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 27.1 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 365 (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Broadcast media: 34 commercial terrestrial TV networks, each with multiple stations; multi-channel satellite and cable TV systems available; 3 licensed broadcasters, one of which is government-funded, operate about 12 radio stations (2019); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Internet country code: .hk; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Internet users: percent of population: 96% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total: 2.97 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 40 (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

Transportation5 fields

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: B-H; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Airports: 2 (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Heliports: 142 (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Merchant marine: total: 2,537 (2023) by type: bulk carrier 1,047, container ship 560, general cargo 144, oil tanker 394, other 392; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Ports: total ports: 1 (2024) large: 1 medium: 0 small: 0 very small: 0 ports with oil terminals: 1 key ports: Hong Kong; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

Military and Security1 fields

Military and security forces: Hong Kong Police Force (specialized units include the Police Counterterrorism Response Unit, the Explosive Ordnance Disposal Bureau, the Special Duties Unit, the Airport Security Unit, and the VIP Protection Unit) China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) Hong Kong Garrison is responsible for defense duties; the garrison includes elements of the PLA Army, PLA Navy, and PLA Air Force and are under the direct leadership of the Central Military Commission in Beijing and under administrative control of the adjacent Southern Theater Command (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

Transnational Issues3 fields

Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees: 260 (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Trafficking in persons: tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List — the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period, therefore Hong Kong remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the second consecutive year; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/hong-kong/; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Illicit drugs: USG identification: major precursor-chemical producer (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

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