World · permanent entity record · ID

Indonesia

Thirty-second orientation

Indonesia at a glance

Capital: Jakarta; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Population: 285,721,236; World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025
Area: 1,904,569 sq km; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Nationality / demonym: noun: Indonesian(s); adjective: Indonesian; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Government: presidential republic; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Languages: Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (of which the most widely spoken is Javanese); note - more than 700 languages are used in Indonesia; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04

Independently structured milestones · not a complete national history

Indonesia through time

1950-09-28
Admitted to the United Nations
Indonesia became a member of the United Nations.
United Nations, Member States · source checked 2026-09-04

Source history · changed fields only

Changes since the final CIA profile

Field	Maintained Almanac value	Final CIA profile
Population	285,721,236World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025	total: 283,587,097 (2025 est.) male: 141,778,977 female: 141,808,120CIA World Factbook · as of 2026-01-18

A difference may reflect a newer observation, a revised estimate, or a different source definition. This table reports the values and dates; it does not manufacture a trend.

World Development Indicators · latest available observation

People, economy, and access

Observation years vary by measure. Each row identifies the series and year instead of presenting unlike dates as one current snapshot.

Gross domestic product: $1.45 trillion; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Gross domestic product per person: $5,060; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Life expectancy at birth: 71.3 years; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Urban population: 59.4%; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Access to electricity: 99.9%; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS. Underlying providers: World Bank ESMAP, Tracking SDG 7. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
People using the internet: 72.8%; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS. Underlying providers: International Telecommunication Union. Source footnote: Source and notes: BPS-Statistics Indonesia, Retrieved 2026-09-08.

World Development Indicators data are provided under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). The linked indicator metadata identifies the underlying statistical providers.

Maintained profile

Capital: Jakarta; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04The nation set and displayed federal short name follow the current State Department independent-states register, dated August 11, 2026.
Area: 1,904,569 sq km; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04Final CIA source data preserved by a community mirror after the Factbook was retired; the mirror is not the issuing authority.
Population: 285,721,236; World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.POP.TOTL. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Currency: Indonesian rupiah (IDR); CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04Currency label extracted from the Factbook exchange-rate field.
Languages: Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (of which the most widely spoken is Javanese); note - more than 700 languages are used in Indonesia; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04Factbook language listing reproduced without inferring official status beyond the source wording.
Nationality / demonym: noun: Indonesian(s); adjective: Indonesian; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04The source’s noun and adjective forms are retained. These are language labels, not evidence of any individual person’s citizenship.
Government: presidential republic; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
UN membership: 1950-09-28; United Nations, Member States · as of 2026-09-04
Continent: Asia; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-18Continental label standardized from the archived profile region “East and Southeast Asia.”
Coastline: 54,716 km; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-18Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Climate: tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-18Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Religions: Muslim 87.4%, Protestant 7.5%, Roman Catholic 3.1%, Hindu 1.7%, other 0.8% (includes Buddhist and Confucian) (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-18Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Flag colors: red, white; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-18Colors extracted from the flag description in the preserved final CIA profile.
National symbol: garuda (mythical bird); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-18Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Highest point: Puncak Jaya · 16,024 ft (4,884 m); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-18Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Lowest point: Indian/Pacific Oceans · 0 ft (0 m); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-18Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
NATO membership: Not a member; NATO, What is NATO? · as of 2026-09-06Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.
BRICS membership: Member; BRICS Brazil, About the BRICS · as of 2026-09-06Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.

Preserved public-domain record · not maintained current data

Final CIA World Factbook profile

This is the preserved historical baseline from the Factbook’s final public snapshot. It is presented as the CIA stated it, not as a current Standard American Almanac finding. Current, independently maintained facts appear above when available.

CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · profile updated 2026-01-18 · pinned source record · commit d81154954b8b

Introduction1 fields

Background: The archipelago was once largely under the control of Buddhist and Hindu rulers. By around the 7th century, a Buddhist kingdom arose on Sumatra and expanded into Java and the Malay Peninsula until it was conquered in the late 13th century by the Hindu Majapahit Empire from Java. Majapahit (1290-1527) united most of modern-day Indonesia and Malaysia. Traders introduced Islam around the 11th century, and the religion gradually expanded over the next 500 years. The Portuguese conquered parts of Indonesia in the 16th century, but the Dutch ousted them (except in East Timor) and began colonizing the islands in the early 17th century. It would be the early 20th century before Dutch colonial rule was established across the entirety of what would become the boundaries of the modern Indonesian state. Japan occupied the islands from 1942 to 1945. Indonesia declared its independence shortly before Japan's surrender, but it required four years of sometimes brutal fighting, intermittent negotiations, and UN mediation before the Netherlands agreed to transfer sovereignty in 1949. A period of sometimes unruly parliamentary democracy ended in 1957 when President SOEKARNO declared martial law and instituted "Guided Democracy." After an abortive coup in 1965 by alleged communist sympathizers, SOEKARNO was gradually eased from power. From 1967 until 1998, President SUHARTO ruled Indonesia with his "New Order" government. After street protests toppled SUHARTO in 1998, free and fair legislative elections took place in 1999 while the country's first direct presidential election occurred in 2004. Indonesia has since become a robust democracy, holding four direct presidential elections, each considered by international observers to have been largely free and fair. Indonesia is now the world's third-most-populous democracy and the world's largest Muslim-majority nation. It has had strong economic growth since overcoming the Asian financial crisis of the late 1990s. By the 2020s, it had the largest economy in Southeast Asia, and its economy ranked in the world's top 10 in terms of purchasing power parity. It has also made considerable gains in reducing poverty. Although relations amongst its diverse population--there are more than 300 ethnic groups--have been harmonious in the 2000s, there have been areas of sectarian discontent and violence, as well as instances of religious extremism and terrorism. A political settlement to an armed separatist conflict in Aceh was achieved in 2005, but a separatist group in Papua continued to conduct a low-intensity conflict as of 2024.; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

Geography19 fields

Location: Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Geographic coordinates: 5 00 S, 120 00 E; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Map references: Southeast Asia; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Area: total : 1,904,569 sq km land: 1,811,569 sq km water: 93,000 sq km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Area - comparative: slightly less than three times the size of Texas; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Land boundaries: total: 2,958 km border countries (3): Malaysia 1,881 km; Papua New Guinea 824 km; Timor-Leste 253 km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Coastline: 54,716 km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm note: measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Climate: tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Terrain: mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Elevation: highest point: Puncak Jaya 4,884 m lowest point: Indian/Pacific Oceans 0 m mean elevation: 367 m; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Natural resources: petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver note: Indonesia is the World's leading producer of nickel with an output of 1.6 million mt in 2022; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Land use: agricultural land: 29.1% (2023 est.) arable land: 9.4% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 13.9% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 5.8% (2023 est.) forest: 50.6% (2023 est.) other: 20.3% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Irrigated land: 67,220 sq km (2012); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Major lakes (area sq km): fresh water lake(s): Danau Toba - 1,150 sq km note - located in the caldera of a super volcano that erupted more than 70,000 years ago; it is the largest volcanic lake in the World; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Major rivers (by length in km): Sepik (shared with Papua New Guinea [s]) - 1,126 km; Fly (shared with Papua New Guinea [s]) - 1,050 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Population distribution: major concentration on the island of Java, which is considered one of the most densely populated places on earth; of the outer islands, Sumatra contains some of the most significant clusters, particularly in the south near the Selat Sunda and along the northeastern coast near Medan; the cities of Makasar (Sulawesi), Banjarmasin (Kalimantan) are also heavily populated; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Natural hazards: occasional floods; severe droughts; tsunamis; earthquakes; volcanoes; forest fires volcanism: Indonesia contains the most volcanoes of any country in the world, with over 75 historically active; significant volcanic activity occurs on Java, Sumatra, the Sunda Islands, Halmahera Island, Sulawesi Island, Sangihe Island, and in the Banda Sea; Merapi (2,968 m), Indonesia's most active volcano, has been deemed a Decade Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; in 2018, a large explosion and flank collapse destroyed most of the island of Anak Krakatau (Child of Krakatau) and generated a deadly tsunami that left more than 400 dead; other notable historically active volcanoes include Agung, Awu, Karangetang, Krakatau (Krakatoa), Makian, Raung, Sinabung, and Tambora; see note 2 under "Geography - note"; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Geography - note: note 1: 13,466 islands are in the archipelago, of which 922 are permanently inhabited; Indonesia is the world's largest country composed solely of islands; the country straddles the equator and occupies a strategic location along major sea lanes from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific Ocean note 2: Indonesia is one of the countries along the Ring of Fire, which is a belt bordering the Pacific Ocean that contains about 75% of the world's volcanoes, up to 90% of the world's earthquakes, and 80% of tsunamis note 3: despite having the fourth largest population in the world, Indonesia is the most heavily forested region on earth after the Amazon; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

People and Society37 fields

Population: total: 283,587,097 (2025 est.) male: 141,778,977 female: 141,808,120; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Nationality: noun: Indonesian(s) adjective: Indonesian; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Ethnic groups: Javanese 40.1%, Sundanese 15.5%, Malay 3.7%, Batak 3.6%, Madurese 3%, Betawi 2.9%, Minangkabau 2.7%, Buginese 2.7%, Bantenese 2%, Banjarese 1.7%, Balinese 1.7%, Acehnese 1.4%, Dayak 1.4%, Sasak 1.3%, Chinese 1.2%, other 15% (2010 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Languages: Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (of which the most widely spoken is Javanese); note - more than 700 languages are used in Indonesia major-language sample(s): Fakta Dunia, sumber informasi dasar yang sangat diperlukan. (Indonesian) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Religions: Muslim 87.4%, Protestant 7.5%, Roman Catholic 3.1%, Hindu 1.7%, other 0.8% (includes Buddhist and Confucian) (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Age structure: 0-14 years: 23.8% (male 34,247,218/female 32,701,367) 15-64 years: 68.3% (male 96,268,201/female 95,961,293) 65 years and over: 8% (2024 est.) (male 10,284,628/female 12,099,758); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 46.1 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 34.1 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 12 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 8.3 (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Median age: total: 31.8 years (2025 est.) male: 30.8 years female: 32.3 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Population growth rate: 0.7% (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Birth rate: 14.55 births/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Death rate: 6.82 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Net migration rate: -0.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Population distribution: major concentration on the island of Java, which is considered one of the most densely populated places on earth; of the outer islands, Sumatra contains some of the most significant clusters, particularly in the south near the Selat Sunda and along the northeastern coast near Medan; the cities of Makasar (Sulawesi), Banjarmasin (Kalimantan) are also heavily populated; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Urbanization: urban population: 58.6% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Major urban areas - population: 11.249 million JAKARTA (capital), 3.729 million Bekasi, 3.044 million Surabaya, 3.041 million Depok, 2.674 million Bandung, 2.514 million Tangerang (2023); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Mother's mean age at first birth: 22.4 years (2017 est.) note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Maternal mortality ratio: 140 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Infant mortality rate: total: 18.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 21.3 deaths/1,000 live births female: 16.4 deaths/1,000 live births; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 73.6 years (2024 est.) male: 71.3 years female: 76 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Total fertility rate: 1.93 children born/woman (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Gross reproduction rate: 0.94 (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Drinking water source: urban: 98.3% of population (2022 est.) rural: 88.3% of population (2022 est.) total: 94.1% of population (2022 est.) urban: 1.7% of population (2022 est.) rural: 11.7% of population (2022 est.) total: 5.9% of population (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Health expenditure: 3.7% of GDP (2021) 8% of national budget (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Physician density: 0.52 physicians/1,000 population (2023); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Hospital bed density: 1.4 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Sanitation facility access: urban: 97.4% of population (2022 est.) rural: 91.1% of population (2022 est.) total: 94.7% of population (2022 est.) urban: 2.6% of population (2022 est.) rural: 8.9% of population (2022 est.) total: 5.3% of population (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Obesity - adult prevalence rate: 6.9% (2016); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Alcohol consumption per capita: total: 0.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 0.06 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Tobacco use: total: 39% (2025 est.) male: 74.9% (2025 est.) female: 3.1% (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 15.9% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Currently married women (ages 15-49): 70.3% (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Child marriage: women married by age 15: 2% (2017) women married by age 18: 16.3% (2017); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Education expenditure: 1.3% of GDP (2023 est.) 10.6% national budget (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Literacy: total population: 96% (2020 est.) male: 97.4% (2020 est.) female: 94.6% (2020 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 13 years (2023 est.) male: 13 years (2023 est.) female: 13 years (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
People - note: Indonesia is the fourth most populous nation in the World after China, India, and the United States; more than half of the Indonesian population - roughly 150 million people or 55% - live on the island of Java (about the size of California) making it the most crowded island on earth; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

Environment12 fields

Environmental issues: large-scale deforestation (much of it illegal) and related wildfires cause heavy smog; over-exploitation of marine resources; air pollution from vehicle emissions; waste disposal; water pollution from industrial wastes, sewage; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
International environmental agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Climate: tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Land use: agricultural land: 29.1% (2023 est.) arable land: 9.4% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 13.9% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 5.8% (2023 est.) forest: 50.6% (2023 est.) other: 20.3% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Urbanization: urban population: 58.6% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Carbon dioxide emissions: 829.655 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 527.923 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 223.352 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 78.38 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Particulate matter emissions: 18.4 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Methane emissions: energy: 3,621.7 kt (2022-2024 est.) agriculture: 3,379.3 kt (2019-2021 est.) waste: 4,200.1 kt (2019-2021 est.) other: 165.7 kt (2019-2021 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually: 65.2 million tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 15.2% (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Total water withdrawal: municipal: 23.8 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) industrial: 9.135 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) agricultural: 189.7 billion cubic meters (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Total renewable water resources: 2.019 trillion cubic meters (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Geoparks: total global geoparks and regional networks: 12 (2025) global geoparks and regional networks: Batur; Belitong; Ciletuh - Palabuhanratu; Gunung Sewu; Ijen; Kebumen; Maros Pangkep; Merangin Jambi; Meratus; Raja Ampat; Rinjani-Lombok; Toba Caldera (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

Government23 fields

Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Indonesia conventional short form: Indonesia local long form: Republik Indonesia local short form: Indonesia former: Netherlands East Indies (Dutch East Indies), Netherlands New Guinea etymology: the name is an 18th-century construct of two Greek words, "Indos" (India) and "nesoi" (islands), meaning "Indian islands"; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Government type: presidential republic; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Capital: name: Jakarta geographic coordinates: 6 10 S, 106 49 E time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) time zone note: Indonesia has three time zones etymology: derives from the Sanscrit name Jayakarta, meaning "victory and prosperity;" Prince FATILLAH conquered and renamed the city, formerly known as Sunda Kelapa, in 1527 note: in 2022, the relocation of the country’s capital was approved, from Jakarta to a site on the island of Borneo between Samarinda City and the port city of Balikpapan; Nusantara ("archipelago"), the new capital, was in development as of 2024 and is expected to be completed in 2045; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Administrative divisions: 35 provinces (provinsi-provinsi, singular - provinsi), 1 autonomous province*, 1 special region** (daerah istimewa), and 1 national capital district*** (daerah khusus ibukota); Aceh*, Bali, Banten, Bengkulu, Gorontalo, Jakarta***, Jambi, Jawa Barat (West Java), Jawa Tengah (Central Java), Jawa Timur (East Java), Kalimantan Barat (West Kalimantan), Kalimantan Selatan (South Kalimantan), Kalimantan Tengah (Central Kalimantan), Kalimantan Timur (East Kalimantan), Kalimantan Utara (North Kalimantan), Kepulauan Bangka Belitung (Bangka Belitung Islands), Kepulauan Riau (Riau Islands), Lampung, Maluku, Maluku Utara (North Maluku), Nusa Tenggara Barat (West Nusa Tenggara), Nusa Tenggara Timur (East Nusa Tenggara), Papua, Papua Barat (West Papua), Papua Barat Daya (Southwest Papua), Papua Pegunungan (Papua Highlands), Papua Selatan (South Papua), Papua Tengah (Central Papua), Riau, Sulawesi Barat (West Sulawesi), Sulawesi Selatan (South Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tengah (Central Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tenggara (Southeast Sulawesi), Sulawesi Utara (North Sulawesi), Sumatera Barat (West Sumatra), Sumatera Selatan (South Sumatra), Sumatera Utara (North Sumatra), Yogyakarta**; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Legal system: civil law system based on the Roman-Dutch model and influenced by customary law; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Constitution: history: drafted July to August 1945, effective 18 August 1945, abrogated by 1949 and 1950 constitutions; 1945 constitution restored 5 July 1959 amendment process: proposed by the People’s Consultative Assembly, with at least two thirds of its members present; passage requires simple majority vote by the Assembly membership; constitutional articles on the unitary form of the state cannot be amended; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
International law organization participation: has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Citizenship: citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Indonesia dual citizenship recognized: no residency requirement for naturalization: 5 continuous years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Suffrage: 17 years of age; universal; married persons regardless of age; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Executive branch: chief of state: President PRABOWO Subianto Djojohadikusumo (since 20 October 2024) head of government: President PRABOWO Subianto Djojohadikusumo (since 20 October 2024) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president election/appointment process: president and vice president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term) most recent election date: 14 February 2024 election results: 2024: PRABOWO Subianto elected president (assumes office 20 October 2024); percent of vote - PRABOWO Subianto (GERINDRA) 58.6%, Anies Rasyid BASWEDAN (Independent) 24.9%, GANJAR Pranowo (PDI-P) 16.5% 2019: Joko WIDODO reelected president; percent of vote - Joko WIDODO (PDI-P) 55.5%, PRABOWO Subianto Djojohadikusumo (GERINDRA) 44.5% expected date of next election: 2029 note: the president is both chief of state and head of government; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Legislative branch: legislature name: House of Representatives (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat) legislative structure: unicameral number of seats: 580 (all directly elected) electoral system: proportional representation scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 5 years most recent election date: 2/14/2024 parties elected and seats per party: Indonesian Democratic Party - Struggle (PDI-P) (110); Party of Functional Groups (Golkar) (102); Great Indonesia Movement (Gerindra) (86); National Democratic Party (NasDem) (69); National Awakening Party (PKB) (68); Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) (53); National Mandate Party (PAN) (48); Democratic Party (PD) (44) percentage of women in chamber: 21.9% expected date of next election: April 2029; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Judicial branch: highest court(s): Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (51 judges divided into 8 chambers); Constitutional Court or Mahkamah Konstitusi (consists of 9 judges) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges nominated by Judicial Commission, appointed by president with concurrence of parliament; judges serve until retirement at age 65; Constitutional Court judges - 3 nominated by president, 3 by Supreme Court, and 3 by parliament; judges appointed by the president; judges serve until mandatory retirement at age 70 subordinate courts: High Courts of Appeal, district courts, religious courts; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Political parties: Democrat Party or PD Functional Groups Party or GOLKAR Great Indonesia Movement Party or GERINDRA Indonesia Democratic Party-Struggle or PDI-P National Awakening Party or PKB National Democratic Party or NasDem National Mandate Party or PAN Prosperous Justice Party or PKS; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador INDROYONO Soesilo (since 16 December 2025) chancery: 2020 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 775-5200 FAX: [1] (202) 775-5236 email address and website: washington.kbri@kemlu.go.id Embassy of The Republic of Indonesia, in Washington D.C., The United States of America (kemlu.go.id) consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Peter M. HAYMOND (since 15 June 2025) embassy: Jl. Medan Merdeka Selatan No. 3-5, Jakarta 10110 mailing address: 8200 Jakarta Place, Washington DC 20521-8200 telephone: [62] (21) 5083-1000 FAX: [62] (21) 385-7189 email address and website: jakartaacs@state.gov https://id.usembassy.gov/ consulate(s) general: Surabaya consulate(s): Medan; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
International organization participation: ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, BIS, CD, CICA (observer), CP, D-8, EAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-11, G-15, G-20, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IORA, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, MSG (associate member), NAM, OECD (enhanced engagement), OIC, OPCW, PIF (partner), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Independence: 17 August 1945 (declared independence from the Netherlands); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
National holiday: Independence Day, 17 August (1945); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Flag: description: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white meaning: red stands for courage and white for purity history: the colors derive from the banner of the Majapahit Empire of the 13th-15th centuries note: similar to the flags of Monaco, which is shorter, and Poland, which is white (top) and red; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
National symbol(s): garuda (mythical bird); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
National color(s): red, white; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
National anthem(s): title: "Indonesia Raya" (Great Indonesia) lyrics/music: Wage Rudolf SOEPRATMAN history: adopted 1945; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
National heritage: total World Heritage Sites: 10 (6 cultural, 4 natural) selected World Heritage Site locales: Borobudur Temple Compounds (c); Komodo National Park (n); Prambanan Temple Compounds (c); Ujung Kulon National Park (n); Sangiran Early Man Site (c); Lorentz National Park (n); Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra (n); Cultural Landscape of Bali Province (c); Ombilin Coal Mining Heritage of Sawahlunto (c); Cosmological Axis of Yogyakarta and its Historic Landmarks (c); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

Economy32 fields

Economic overview: upper middle-income, largest and growing Southeast Asian economy; higher lending rates to moderate inflation; ongoing relocation of capital fueling infrastructure projects; major tourism sector prompting green economy goals; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $4.102 trillion (2024 est.) $3.906 trillion (2023 est.) $3.718 trillion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Real GDP growth rate: 5% (2024 est.) 5% (2023 est.) 5.3% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Real GDP per capita: $14,500 (2024 est.) $13,900 (2023 est.) $13,300 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
GDP (official exchange rate): $1.396 trillion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.7% (2023 est.) 4.2% (2022 est.) 1.6% (2021 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 12.6% (2024 est.) industry: 39.3% (2024 est.) services: 43.8% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 55.4% (2024 est.) government consumption: 7.7% (2024 est.) investment in fixed capital: 29.1% (2024 est.) investment in inventories: 2.3% (2024 est.) exports of goods and services: 22.2% (2024 est.) imports of goods and services: -20.4% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Agricultural products: oil palm fruit, rice, sugarcane, maize, coconuts, cassava, bananas, eggs, chicken, mangoes/guavas (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Industries: petroleum and natural gas, textiles, automotive, electrical appliances, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, medical instruments and appliances, handicrafts, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, processed food, jewelry, and tourism; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Industrial production growth rate: 5.2% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Labor force: 143.144 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Unemployment rate: 3.3% (2024 est.) 3.4% (2023 est.) 3.5% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total: 13.1% (2024 est.) male: 13.2% (2024 est.) female: 13% (2024 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Population below poverty line: 9% (2024 est.) note: % of population with income below national poverty line; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: 34.9 (2024 est.) note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Average household expenditures: on food: 33.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.) on alcohol and tobacco: 7.3% of household expenditures (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 3.5% (2024 est.) highest 10%: 28.8% (2024 est.) note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Remittances: 1.1% of GDP (2024 est.) 1.1% of GDP (2023 est.) 1% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Budget: revenues: $182.658 billion (2023 est.) expenditures: $204.739 billion (2023 est.) note: central government revenues and expenditures (excluding grants and social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Public debt: 45.34% of GDP (2022 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Taxes and other revenues: 11.6% (of GDP) (2022 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Current account balance: -$8.47 billion (2024 est.) -$2.042 billion (2023 est.) $13.215 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Exports: $300.868 billion (2024 est.) $291.287 billion (2023 est.) $315.746 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Exports - partners: China 24%, USA 9%, India 8%, Japan 8%, Singapore 5% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Exports - commodities: coal, palm oil, iron alloys, lignite, garments (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Imports: $279.419 billion (2024 est.) $262.694 billion (2023 est.) $273.031 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Imports - partners: China 29%, Singapore 8%, Japan 7%, USA 5%, Malaysia 5% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Imports - commodities: refined petroleum, crude petroleum, plastics, vehicle parts/accessories, integrated circuits (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $155.708 billion (2024 est.) $146.359 billion (2023 est.) $137.222 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Debt - external: $225.273 billion (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Exchange rates: Indonesian rupiah (IDR) per US dollar - 15,855.448 (2024 est.) 15,236.885 (2023 est.) 14,849.854 (2022 est.) 14,308.144 (2021 est.) 14,582.203 (2020 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

Energy7 fields

Electricity access: electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.) electrification - urban areas: 100% electrification - rural areas: 98.2%; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Electricity: installed generating capacity: 70.826 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 356.135 billion kWh (2023 est.) imports: 828.198 million kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 27.477 billion kWh (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels: 82% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) wind: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 6.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) geothermal: 4.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 6.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Coal: production: 783.453 million metric tons (2023 est.) consumption: 281.159 million metric tons (2023 est.) exports: 519.23 million metric tons (2023 est.) imports: 16.935 million metric tons (2023 est.) proven reserves: 35.055 billion metric tons (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Petroleum: total petroleum production: 865,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 1.645 million bbl/day (2023 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 2.48 billion barrels (2021 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Natural gas: production: 58.691 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 38.378 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) exports: 20.989 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) imports: 727.056 million cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 1.408 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Energy consumption per capita: 37.39 million Btu/person (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

Communications6 fields

Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 9.16 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 347 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 123 (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Broadcast media: mix of about a dozen national TV networks, including 1 public broadcaster and the rest private; more than 100 local TV stations; widespread use of satellite and cable TV systems; public radio broadcaster operates 6 national networks, as well as regional and local stations; more than 700 radio stations, with over 650 privately operated (2019); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Internet country code: .id; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Internet users: percent of population: 69% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total: 13.5 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 5 (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

Transportation6 fields

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: PK; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Airports: 556 (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Heliports: 53 (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Railways: total: 8,159 km (2014) narrow gauge: 8,159 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge (565 km electrified) note: 4,816 km operational; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Merchant marine: total: 11,422 (2023) by type: bulk carrier 160, container ship 219, general cargo 2,347, oil tanker 714, other 7,982; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Ports: total ports: 123 (2024) large: 3 medium: 6 small: 18 very small: 96 ports with oil terminals: 79 key ports: Belawan, Cilacap, Dumai, Jakarta, Kasim Terminal, Merak Mas Terminal, Palembang, Surabaya, Ujung Pandang; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

Military and Security7 fields

Military and security forces: Indonesian National Armed Forces (Tentara Nasional Indonesia, TNI): Army (TNI-Angkatan Darat, TNI-AD), Navy (TNI-Angkatan Laut, TNI-AL; includes Marine Corps (Korps Marinir or KorMar)), Air Force (TNI-Angkatan Udara, TNI-AU) Indonesian National Police (aka The State Police of the Republic of Indonesia or POLRI) Ministry of Transportation: Indonesia Sea and Coast Guard (Kesatuan Penjagaan Laut dan Pantai Republik Indonesia, KPLP); Coordinating Ministry for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs: Maritime Security Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (Badan Keamanan Laut Republik Indonesia, Bakamla) (2025) note 1: the National Police are an independent organization reporting directly to the president of Indonesia note 2: the KPLP ensures the safety of shipping inside the Indonesian Maritime Zone; the Bakamla conducts security and safety patrols in the territorial waters of Indonesia; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Military expenditures: 0.8% of GDP (2024 est.) 0.8% of GDP (2023 est.) 0.8% of GDP (2022 est.) 0.8% of GDP (2021 est.) 0.8% of GDP (2020 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Military and security service personnel strengths: approximately 400,000 active Armed Forces, including about 300,000 Army (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: the military's inventory is a mix of older and new weapons platforms from China, Russia, Europe, the US, and other countries; in recent years, major suppliers have included China, France, Germany, the Netherlands, South Korea, and the US; the TNI has been engaged in a modernization program for more than a decade; Indonesia has a growing defense industry fueled by technology transfers and cooperation agreements with several countries; it has jointly produced aircraft and naval vessels (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Military service age and obligation: 18 years of age for voluntary service for men and women; upper age limits vary by military service, position, specialty; compulsory service authorized but not utilized (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Military deployments: 250 (plus about 170 police) Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,025 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 1,225 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Military - note: the military is responsible for external defense, combatting separatism, and responding to national emergencies and natural disasters; in certain conditions it may provide operational support to police, such as for counterterrorism operations, maintaining public order, and addressing communal conflicts key operational priorities include an insurgency on Papua and the security of Indonesia's vast maritime domain; the West Papua Liberation Army, the military wing of the Free Papua Organization, has been fighting a low-level insurgency in Papua since Indonesia annexed the former Dutch colony in the 1960s; maritime issues include piracy, transnational crime, illegal fishing, and incursions by People's Republic of China (PRC) vessels; Indonesia is not a formal claimant in the South China Sea, although some of its waters lie within the PRC's “nine-dash line” maritime claims, resulting in some stand offs in recent years; over the past decade, the Indonesian military has bolstered its presence on and around the strategically located Natuna Islands (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

Space3 fields

Space agency/agencies: Indonesian Space Agency (INASA; formed 2022); National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN; established 2021); Research Organization for Aeronautics and Space (ORPA; formed 2021) (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Space program overview: focuses largely on rocket development and satellite acquisition/operation; manufactures remote sensing (RS) satellites; has a sounding (research) rocket program to develop an orbital satellite launch vehicle (SLV); researching and developing a range of other space-related technologies related to satellite payloads, communications, RS, and astronomy; has relations with several foreign space agencies and industries, including those of France, Germany, India, Japan, Russia, South Korea, and the US; national space program includes building up the country's private space sector (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Key space-program milestones: 1964 - launched first sounding rocket (Kartika) 1976 - first communications satellite (Palapa A1) built and launched by US 2005 - re-started sounding rocket program with goal of producing a satellite launch vehicle (SLV) 2007 - first remote sensing (RS) satellite (LAPAN-A1) built by Germany and launched by India 2015 - first domestically produced RS satellite (LAPAN-A2) launched by India 2023-2024 - two communications satellites (SATRIA-1 and Merah Putih 2) to provide high-speed internet access across the Indonesian archipelago built by European company and launched by US; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

Terrorism1 fields

Terrorist group(s): Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (aka Jemaah Anshorut Daulah); Jemaah Islamiyah note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

Transnational Issues1 fields

Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees: 11,964 (2024 est.) IDPs: 95,521 (2024 est.) stateless persons: 2,643 (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

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Indonesia at a glance

Indonesia through time

Admitted to the United Nations

Changes since the final CIA profile

People, economy, and access

Maintained profile