World · permanent entity record · NI
Nigeria
Thirty-second orientation
Nigeria at a glance
- Nationality / demonym
- noun: Nigerian(s); adjective: Nigerian
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
- Government
- federal presidential republic
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
- Languages
- English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani, over 500 additional indigenous languages
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Independently structured milestones · not a complete national history
Nigeria through time
Admitted to the United Nations
Nigeria became a member of the United Nations.
United Nations, Member States · source checked 2026-09-04
Source history · changed fields only
Changes since the final CIA profile
| Field | Maintained Almanac value | Final CIA profile |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 237,527,782World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025 | total: 244,344,065 (2025 est.) male: 123,511,557 female: 120,832,508CIA World Factbook · as of 2026-01-18 |
A difference may reflect a newer observation, a revised estimate, or a different source definition. This table reports the values and dates; it does not manufacture a trend.
World Development Indicators · latest available observation
People, economy, and access
Observation years vary by measure. Each row identifies the series and year instead of presenting unlike dates as one current snapshot.
- Gross domestic product
- $290.8 billion
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Gross domestic product per person
- $1,224
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Life expectancy at birth
- 54.6 years
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Urban population
- 63.8%
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Access to electricity
- 62.5%
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS. Underlying providers: World Bank ESMAP, Tracking SDG 7. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- People using the internet
- 41.2%
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS. Underlying providers: International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
World Development Indicators data are provided under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). The linked indicator metadata identifies the underlying statistical providers.
Maintained profile
- Capital
- Abuja
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · The nation set and displayed federal short name follow the current State Department independent-states register, dated August 11, 2026.
- Area
- 923,768 sq km
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · Final CIA source data preserved by a community mirror after the Factbook was retired; the mirror is not the issuing authority.
- Population
- 237,527,782
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.POP.TOTL. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Currency
- nairas (NGN)
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · Currency label extracted from the Factbook exchange-rate field.
- Languages
- English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani, over 500 additional indigenous languages
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · Factbook language listing reproduced without inferring official status beyond the source wording.
- Nationality / demonym
- noun: Nigerian(s); adjective: Nigerian
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · The source’s noun and adjective forms are retained. These are language labels, not evidence of any individual person’s citizenship.
- Government
- federal presidential republic
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json ·
- Continent
- Africa
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Continental label standardized from the archived profile region “Africa.”
- Coastline
- 853 km
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Climate
- varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Religions
- Muslim 53.5%, Roman Catholic 10.6%, other Christian 35.3%, other 0.6% (2018 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Flag colors
- green, white
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Colors extracted from the flag description in the preserved final CIA profile.
- National symbol
- eagle
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Nationally recognized
- Durbar in Kano — inscribed 2024
- UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity · Inscribed heritage: a recognition this state sought and obtained, dated by its inscription on the Representative List.
- Highest point
- Chappal Waddi · 7,936 ft (2,419 m)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Lowest point
- Atlantic Ocean · 0 ft (0 m)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- NATO membership
- Not a member
- NATO, What is NATO? · Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.
- BRICS membership
- Not a member
- BRICS Brazil, About the BRICS · Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.
Preserved public-domain record · not maintained current data
Final CIA World Factbook profile
This is the preserved historical baseline from the Factbook’s final public snapshot. It is presented as the CIA stated it, not as a current Standard American Almanac finding. Current, independently maintained facts appear above when available.
CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · profile updated · pinned source record · commit d81154954b8b
Introduction1 fields
- Background
- In ancient and pre-colonial times, the area of present-day Nigeria was occupied by a variety of ethnic groups with different languages and traditions. These included large Islamic kingdoms such as Borno, Kano, and the Sokoto Caliphate dominating the north, the Benin and Oyo Empires that controlled much of modern western Nigeria, and more decentralized political entities and city states in the south and southeast. In 1914, the British amalgamated their separately administered northern and southern territories into a Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria. Nigeria achieved independence from Britain in 1960 and transitioned to a federal republic with three constituent states in 1963 under President Nnamdi AZIKIWE. This structure served to enflame regional and ethnic tension, contributing to a bloody coup led by predominately southeastern military officers in 1966 and a countercoup later that year masterminded by northern officers. In the aftermath of this tension, the governor of Nigeria’s Eastern Region, centered on the southeast, declared the region independent as the Republic of Biafra. The ensuring civil war (1967-1970), resulted in more than a million deaths, many from starvation. While the war forged a stronger Nigerian state and national identity, it contributed to long-lasting mistrust of the southeast’s predominantly Igbo population. Wartime military leader Yakubu GOWON ruled until a bloodless coup by frustrated junior officers in 1975. This generation of officers, including Olusegun OBASANJO, Ibrahim BABANGIDA, and Muhammadu BUHARI, who would all later serve as president, continue to exert significant influence in Nigeria to the present day. Military rule predominated until the first durable transition to civilian government and adoption of a new constitution in 1999. The elections of 2007 marked the first civilian-to-civilian transfer of power in the country's history. National and state elections in 2011 and 2015 were generally regarded as credible. The 2015 election was also heralded for the fact that the then-umbrella opposition party, the All Progressives Congress, defeated the long-ruling (since 1999) People's Democratic Party and assumed the presidency, marking the first peaceful transfer of power from one party to another. Presidential and legislative elections in 2019 and 2023 were deemed broadly free and fair despite voting irregularities, intimidation, and violence. The government of Africa's most populous nation continues to face the daunting task of institutionalizing democracy and reforming a petroleum-based economy whose revenues have been squandered through decades of corruption and mismanagement. In addition, Nigeria faces increasing violence from Islamic terrorism, largely in the northeast, large scale criminal banditry, secessionist violence in the southeast, and competition over land and resources nationwide.
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Geography21 fields
- Location
- Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Area
- total : 923,768 sq km land: 910,768 sq km water: 13,000 sq km
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Area - comparative
- about six times the size of Georgia; slightly more than twice the size of California
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Land boundaries
- total: 4,477 km border countries (4): Benin 809 km; Cameroon 1,975 km; Chad 85 km; Niger 1,608 km
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Maritime claims
- territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Climate
- varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Terrain
- southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Elevation
- highest point: Chappal Waddi 2,419 m lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m mean elevation: 380 m
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Natural resources
- natural gas, petroleum, tin, iron ore, coal, limestone, niobium, lead, zinc, arable land
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Land use
- agricultural land: 76.2% (2023 est.) arable land: 40.5% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 8.1% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 27.6% (2023 est.) forest: 19.1% (2023 est.) other: 4.7% (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Major lakes (area sq km)
- fresh water lake(s): Lake Chad (endorheic lake shared with Niger, Chad, and Cameroon) - 10,360-25,900 sq km note - area varies by season and year to year
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Major rivers (by length in km)
- Niger river mouth (shared with Guinea [s], Mali, Benin, and Niger) - 4,200 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Major watersheds (area sq km)
- Atlantic Ocean drainage: Niger (2,261,741 sq km) Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: Lake Chad (2,497,738 sq km)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Major aquifers
- Lake Chad Basin, Lullemeden-Irhazer Aquifer System
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Population distribution
- largest population of any African nation; significant population clusters are scattered throughout the country, with the highest density areas being in the south and southwest, as shown in this population distribution map
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Geography - note
- the Niger River enters the country in the northwest and flows southward through tropical rainforests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of Guinea
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
People and Society34 fields
- Population
- total: 244,344,065 (2025 est.) male: 123,511,557 female: 120,832,508
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Nationality
- noun: Nigerian(s) adjective: Nigerian
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Ethnic groups
- Hausa 30%, Yoruba 15.5%, Igbo (Ibo) 15.2%, Fulani 6%, Tiv 2.4%, Kanuri/Beriberi 2.4%, Ibibio 1.8%, Ijaw/Izon 1.8%, other 24.9% (2018 est.) note: Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, is composed of more than 250 ethnic groups
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Languages
- English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani, over 500 additional indigenous languages
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Religions
- Muslim 53.5%, Roman Catholic 10.6%, other Christian 35.3%, other 0.6% (2018 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Age structure
- 0-14 years: 40.4% (male 48,856,606/female 46,770,810) 15-64 years: 56.2% (male 66,897,900/female 66,187,584) 65 years and over: 3.4% (2024 est.) (male 3,759,943/female 4,274,287)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Dependency ratios
- total dependency ratio: 78 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 72.2 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 5.9 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 17 (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Median age
- total: 19.4 years (2025 est.) male: 19.1 years female: 19.6 years
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Birth rate
- 33.56 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Death rate
- 9.42 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Net migration rate
- -0.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Population distribution
- largest population of any African nation; significant population clusters are scattered throughout the country, with the highest density areas being in the south and southwest, as shown in this population distribution map
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Urbanization
- urban population: 54.3% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 3.92% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Major urban areas - population
- 15.946 million Lagos, 4.348 million Kano, 3.875 million Ibadan, 3.840 million ABUJA (capital), 3.480 million Port Harcourt, 1.905 million Benin City (2023)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Sex ratio
- at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Mother's mean age at first birth
- 20.4 years (2018 est.) note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Maternal mortality ratio
- 993 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Infant mortality rate
- total: 65.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 58.9 deaths/1,000 live births female: 48.2 deaths/1,000 live births
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Life expectancy at birth
- total population: 62.2 years (2024 est.) male: 60.4 years female: 64.2 years
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Total fertility rate
- 4.59 children born/woman (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Drinking water source
- urban: 93.7% of population (2022 est.) rural: 63.5% of population (2022 est.) total: 79.6% of population (2022 est.) urban: 6.3% of population (2022 est.) rural: 36.5% of population (2022 est.) total: 20.4% of population (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Health expenditure
- 4.1% of GDP (2021) 4.3% of national budget (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Physician density
- 0.38 physicians/1,000 population (2023)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Sanitation facility access
- urban: 81.9% of population (2022 est.) rural: 41.1% of population (2022 est.) total: 62.9% of population (2022 est.) urban: 18.1% of population (2022 est.) rural: 58.9% of population (2022 est.) total: 37.1% of population (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Alcohol consumption per capita
- total: 4.49 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 0.73 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 0.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 0.4 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 3.27 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Tobacco use
- total: 2.6% (2025 est.) male: 4.8% (2025 est.) female: 0.3% (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Children under the age of 5 years underweight
- 24.4% (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Currently married women (ages 15-49)
- 67.6% (2018 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Child marriage
- women married by age 15: 12.3% (2021) women married by age 18: 30.3% (2021) men married by age 18: 1.6% (2021) note: due to prolonged insecurity concerns, some parts of states, including Borno state, were not sampled
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Education expenditure
- 0.3% of GDP (2023 est.) 3% national budget (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Literacy
- total population: 63.2% (2021 est.) male: 73.7% (2021 est.) female: 53.3% (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Environment11 fields
- Environmental issues
- urban air and water pollution; rapid deforestation; soil degradation; loss of arable land; water, air, and soil pollution from oil spills
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- International environmental agreements
- party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Tropical Timber 2006
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Climate
- varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Land use
- agricultural land: 76.2% (2023 est.) arable land: 40.5% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 8.1% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 27.6% (2023 est.) forest: 19.1% (2023 est.) other: 4.7% (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Urbanization
- urban population: 54.3% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 3.92% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Carbon dioxide emissions
- 114.397 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 2.962 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 72.425 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 39.01 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Particulate matter emissions
- 56 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Methane emissions
- energy: 2,794.3 kt (2022-2024 est.) agriculture: 1,991.9 kt (2019-2021 est.) waste: 729.4 kt (2019-2021 est.) other: 362.7 kt (2019-2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Waste and recycling
- municipal solid waste generated annually: 27.615 million tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 4.7% (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Total water withdrawal
- municipal: 5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) industrial: 1.965 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) agricultural: 5.51 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Total renewable water resources
- 286.2 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Government25 fields
- Country name
- conventional long form: Federal Republic of Nigeria conventional short form: Nigeria etymology: named for the Niger River that flows through the west of the country to the Atlantic Ocean; the name of the river probably comes from the local Tuareg name, egereou n-igereouen (big rivers)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Capital
- name: Abuja geographic coordinates: 9 05 N, 7 32 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: the newly built city of Abuja replaced Lagos as the capital city in 1991; Abuja takes its name from a nearby town, now renamed Suleja, that was named after Abu JA ("Abu the Red") in 1828
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Administrative divisions
- 36 states and 1 territory*; Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Federal Capital Territory*, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nasarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Legal system
- mixed system of English common law, Islamic law (in 12 northern states), and traditional law
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Constitution
- history: several previous; latest adopted 5 May 1999, effective 29 May 1999 amendment process: proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of both houses and approval by the Houses of Assembly of at least two thirds of the states; amendments to constitutional articles on the creation of a new state, fundamental constitutional rights, or constitution-amending procedures requires at least four-fifths majority vote by both houses of the National Assembly and approval by the Houses of Assembly in at least two thirds of the states; passage of amendments limited to the creation of a new state require at least two-thirds majority vote by the proposing National Assembly house and approval by the Houses of Assembly in two thirds of the states
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- International law organization participation
- accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Citizenship
- citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Nigeria dual citizenship recognized: yes residency requirement for naturalization: 15 years
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President Bola Ahmed Adekunle TINUBU (since 29 May 2023) head of government: President Bola Ahmed Adekunle TINUBU (since 29 May 2023) cabinet: Federal Executive Council appointed by the president but constitutionally required to include at least one member from each of the 36 states election/appointment process: president directly elected by qualified-majority popular vote with at least 25% of the votes cast in 24 of Nigeria's 36 states; president elected for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term) most recent election date: 25 February 2023 election results: 2023: Bola Ahmed Adekunle TINUBU elected president; percent of vote - Bola Ahmed Adekunle TINUBU (APC) 36.6%, Atiku ABUBAKAR (PDP) 29.1%, Peter OBI (LP) 25.4%, Rabiu KWANKWASO (NNPP) 6.4%, other 2.5% 2019: Muhammadu BUHARI elected president; percent of vote - Muhammadu BUHARI (APC) 53%, Atiku ABUBAKAR (PDP) 39%, other 8% expected date of next election: 27 February 2027 note: the president is chief of state, head of government, and commander-in-chief of the armed forces
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Legislative branch
- legislature name: National Assembly legislative structure: bicameral
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Legislative branch - lower chamber
- chamber name: House of Representatives number of seats: 360 (all directly elected) electoral system: plurality/majority scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 4 years most recent election date: 2/25/2023 parties elected and seats per party: All Progressives Congress (APC) (180); People's Democratic Party (PDP) (116); Labour Party (LP) (35); New Nigeria Peoples Party (NNPP) (19); Other (10) percentage of women in chamber: 4.2% expected date of next election: February 2027
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Legislative branch - upper chamber
- chamber name: Senate number of seats: 109 (all directly elected) electoral system: plurality/majority scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 4 years most recent election date: 2/25/2023 parties elected and seats per party: All Progressives Congress (APC) (59); People's Democratic Party (PDP) (36); Labour Party (LP) (8); Other (6) percentage of women in chamber: 3.7% expected date of next election: February 2027
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Judicial branch
- highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 15 justices) judge selection and term of office: judges appointed by the president upon the recommendation of the National Judicial Council, a 23-member independent body of federal and state judicial officials; judge appointments confirmed by the Senate; judges serve until age 70 subordinate courts: Court of Appeal; Federal High Court; High Court of the Federal Capital Territory; Sharia Court of Appeal of the Federal Capital Territory; Customary Court of Appeal of the Federal Capital Territory; state court system similar in structure to federal system
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Political parties
- Accord Party or ACC Africa Democratic Congress or ADC All Progressives Congress or APC All Progressives Grand Alliance or APGA Labor Party or LP New Nigeria People’s Party or NNPP Peoples Democratic Party or PDP Young Progressive Party or YPP
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Diplomatic representation in the US
- chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Samson Sunday ITEGBOJE (since 22 October 2024) chancery: 3519 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 800-7201 (ext. 100) FAX: [1] (202) 362-6541 email address and website: info@nigeriaembassyusa.org https://www.nigeriaembassyusa.org/ consulate(s) general: Atlanta, New York
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Diplomatic representation from the US
- chief of mission: Ambassador Richard MILLS, Jr. (since 25 July 2024) embassy: Plot 1075 Diplomatic Drive, Central District Area, Abuja mailing address: 8320 Abuja Place, Washington DC 20521-8320 telephone: [234] (9) 461-4000 FAX: [234] (9) 461-4036 email address and website: AbujaACS@state.gov https://ng.usembassy.gov/ consulate(s) general: Lagos
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- International organization participation
- ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, C, CD, D-8, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC, MIGA, MINURSO, MNJTF, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National holiday
- Independence Day (National Day), 1 October (1960)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Flag
- description: three equal vertical bands of green (left side), white, and green meaning: green stands for the country's forests and natural resources, and white for peace and unity
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National anthem(s)
- title: "Nigeria, We Hail Thee" lyrics/music: Lillie Jean WILLIAMS/Frances BERDA history: adopted 2024 note: Parliament voted in 2024 to revert to the former national anthem used from 1960 to 1978
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National heritage
- total World Heritage Sites: 2 (both cultural) selected World Heritage Site locales: Sukur Cultural Landscape; Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Economy30 fields
- Economic overview
- largest African market economy; enormous but mostly lower middle income labor force; major oil exporter; key telecommunications and finance industries; susceptible to global energy price shocks; regional leader in critical infrastructure; primarily agrarian employment
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
- $1.318 trillion (2024 est.) $1.275 trillion (2023 est.) $1.239 trillion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Real GDP growth rate
- 3.4% (2024 est.) 2.9% (2023 est.) 3.3% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Real GDP per capita
- $5,700 (2024 est.) $5,600 (2023 est.) $5,600 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- GDP (official exchange rate)
- $187.76 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Inflation rate (consumer prices)
- 33.2% (2024 est.) 24.7% (2023 est.) 18.8% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- GDP - composition, by sector of origin
- agriculture: 20.4% (2024 est.) industry: 29.6% (2024 est.) services: 47% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Agricultural products
- cassava, yams, maize, oil palm fruit, rice, taro, bananas, vegetables, sorghum, groundnuts (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Industries
- crude oil, coal, tin, columbite; rubber products, wood; hides and skins, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Industrial production growth rate
- 2.4% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Labor force
- 113.35 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Unemployment rate
- 3% (2024 est.) 3.1% (2023 est.) 3.9% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
- total: 5.1% (2024 est.) male: 3.7% (2024 est.) female: 6.5% (2024 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Population below poverty line
- 40.1% (2018 est.) note: % of population with income below national poverty line
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
- 35.1 (2018 est.) note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Average household expenditures
- on food: 59.3% of household expenditures (2023 est.) on alcohol and tobacco: 0.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Household income or consumption by percentage share
- lowest 10%: 2.9% (2018 est.) highest 10%: 26.7% (2018 est.) note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Remittances
- 11.3% of GDP (2024 est.) 5.4% of GDP (2023 est.) 4.2% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Budget
- revenues: $37.298 billion (2019 est.) expenditures: $59.868 billion (2019 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Current account balance
- $17.215 billion (2024 est.) $6.423 billion (2023 est.) $1.019 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exports
- $57.536 billion (2024 est.) $60.261 billion (2023 est.) $69.091 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exports - partners
- USA 10%, Spain 9%, France 8%, Netherlands 7%, India 6% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exports - commodities
- crude petroleum, natural gas, gold, fertilizers, cocoa beans (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Imports
- $57.73 billion (2024 est.) $65.423 billion (2023 est.) $77.049 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Imports - partners
- China 26%, Singapore 14%, Belgium 8%, India 6%, USA 4% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Imports - commodities
- refined petroleum, tanks and armored vehicles, wheat, plastics, cars (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
- $38.612 billion (2024 est.) $32.035 billion (2023 est.) $35.564 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Debt - external
- $45.009 billion (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exchange rates
- nairas (NGN) per US dollar - 1,478.965 (2024 est.) 645.194 (2023 est.) 425.979 (2022 est.) 401.152 (2021 est.) 358.811 (2020 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Energy7 fields
- Electricity access
- electrification - total population: 60.5% (2022 est.) electrification - urban areas: 89% electrification - rural areas: 27%
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Electricity
- installed generating capacity: 4.094 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 34.135 billion kWh (2023 est.) exports: 2.4 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 5.974 billion kWh (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Electricity generation sources
- fossil fuels: 77.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 22.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Coal
- production: 1.322 million metric tons (2023 est.) consumption: 1.326 million metric tons (2023 est.) exports: 17 metric tons (2023 est.) imports: 600 metric tons (2023 est.) proven reserves: 2.144 billion metric tons (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Petroleum
- total petroleum production: 1.514 million bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 527,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 36.89 billion barrels (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Natural gas
- production: 38.248 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 19.885 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) exports: 16.324 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 5.761 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Energy consumption per capita
- 7.993 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Communications6 fields
- Telephones - fixed lines
- total subscriptions: 112,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2023 est.) less than 1
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Telephones - mobile cellular
- total subscriptions: 165 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 71 (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Broadcast media
- nearly 70 federal government-controlled national and regional TV stations; all 36 states operate TV stations; several private TV stations; cable and satellite TV subscription services are available; network of federal government-controlled national, regional, and state radio stations; roughly 40 state government-owned radio stations; about 20 private radio stations; transmissions of international broadcasters are available; transition to digital completed in three states in 2018 (2019)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Internet users
- percent of population: 39% (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Broadband - fixed subscriptions
- total: 117,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2023 est.) less than 1
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Transportation6 fields
- Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
- 5N
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Railways
- total: 3,798 km (2014) standard gauge: 293 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 3,505 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge note: as of the end of 2018, there were only six operational locomotives in Nigeria primarily used for passenger service; the majority of the rail lines are in a severe state of disrepair and need to be replaced
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Merchant marine
- total: 928 (2023) by type: general cargo 23, oil tanker 128, other 777
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Ports
- total ports: 28 (2024) large: 2 medium: 1 small: 1 very small: 24 ports with oil terminals: 23 key ports: Antan Oil Terminal, Bonny, Lagos, Pennington Oil Terminal
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Military and Security7 fields
- Military and security forces
- Armed Forces of Nigeria (AFN): Nigerian Army, Nigerian Navy (includes Coast Guard), Nigerian Air Force Ministry of Interior: Nigeria Security and Civil Defense Corps (NSCDC); Ministry of Police Affairs: Nigeria Police Force (NPF) (2025) note 1: the NSCDC is a paramilitary agency commissioned to assist the military in the management of threats to internal security, including attacks and natural disasters note 2: some states have created local security forces in response to increased violence, insecurity, and criminality that have exceeded the response capacity of federal government security forces, but official security forces remained the constitutional prerogative of the federal government; in 2023, the federal government began deploying thousands of "agro rangers" across 19 states and the Federal Capital Territory to help safeguard farmland and mediate conflicts, especially in areas hit by farmer-herder clashes
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military expenditures
- 0.6% of GDP (2024) 0.7% of GDP (2023 est.) 0.6% of GDP (2022 est.) 0.6% of GDP (2021 est.) 0.6% of GDP (2020 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military and security service personnel strengths
- information varies; estimated 140,000 active Armed Forces (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
- the military's inventory consists primarily of imported weapons systems from a range of countries, including Brazil, China, France, Russia/former Soviet Union, South Korea, Türkiye, and the US; Nigeria is developing a defense-industry capacity, including small arms, light armored personnel vehicles, and small-scale naval production (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military service age and obligation
- 18-25 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; no conscription (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military deployments
- 180 Sudan/South Sudan (UNISFA); 200 Gambia (ECOWAS); 150 Guinea-Bissau (ECOWAS) (2025) note: Nigeria has committed an Army combat brigade (approximately 3,000 troops) to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), a regional counter-terrorism force comprised of troops from Benin, Cameroon, Chad, and Niger; MNJTF conducts operations against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although cross‐border operations are conducted periodically
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military - note
- the Nigerian military is responsible for defending against external aggression, maintaining the country's territorial integrity, securing national borders, participating in international peacekeeping and other security missions, suppressing insurrection, and aiding civil authorities in restoring order, as well as other duties such as providing humanitarian assistance; its primary concerns are internal and maritime security; in the northeast part of the country, the military is conducting operations against the Boko Haram (BH) and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in West Africa (ISIS-WA) terrorist groups, where it has deployed as many as 70,000 troops at times and terrorist-related violence has killed an estimated 35-40,000 people, mostly civilians, since 2009; in the northwest, the military faces threats from criminal gangs--locally referred to as bandits--and violence associated with long-standing farmer-herder conflicts, as well as BH and ISIS-WA terrorists; the military also continues to protect the oil industry in the Niger Delta region against militants and criminal activity and since 2021, has deployed troops alongside other security forces to quell renewed agitation in the state of Biafra; maritime security concerns include piracy and the protection of natural resources in the Gulf of Guinea the Nigerian military traces its origins to the Nigeria Regiment of the West African Frontier Force (WAFF), a multi-regiment force formed by the British colonial office in 1900 to garrison Great Britain's West African colonies; the WAFF (the honorary title "Royal" was added later) served in both World Wars; in 1956, the Nigeria Regiment of the Royal WAFF was renamed the Nigerian Military Forces (NMF) and in 1958, the colonial government of Nigeria took over control of the NMF from the British War Office; the Nigerian Armed Forces were established following independence in 1960 (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Space3 fields
- Space agency/agencies
- National Space Research and Development Agency (NARSDA; established 1999); Defense Space Administration (DSA; established 2014) (2025) note: NARSDA originated from the National Centre for Remote Sensing, the National Committee on Space Applications (both established in 1987), and the Directorate of Science (established 1993)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Space program overview
- has a national space program that focuses on acquiring satellites for agricultural and environmental applications, meteorology, mining and disaster monitoring, security, and socio-economic development; designs, builds (mostly with foreign assistance), and operates satellites; processes overhead imagery data for analysis and sharing; developing additional capabilities in satellite and satellite payload production, including remote sensing technologies; has a sounding rocket program for researching rockets and rocket propulsion, with goal of launching domestically produced satellites into space from a Nigerian spaceport by 2030; works with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Algeria, Bangladesh, Belarus, China, Ghana, India, Japan, Kenya, Mongolia, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey, the UK, the US, and Vietnam; has a government-owned satellite company and a small commercial aerospace sector (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Key space-program milestones
- 2003 - first remote sensing (RS) microsatellite (NigeriaSat-1) built jointly with the UK and launched by Russia 2007 - first communications satellite (NigSatCom-1) built and launched by China (failed in orbit, 2008) 2011 - first domestically built remote sensing (RS) satellite (NigeriaSat-X) launched by Russia 2019 - inaugurated a geospatial data analysis center 2022 - signed US-led Artemis Accords for space exploration 2023 - first military reconnaissance RS satellite (DelSat-1) launched by China
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Terrorism1 fields
- Terrorist group(s)
- Boko Haram; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham – West Africa; Jama’atu Ansarul Muslimina Fi Biladis-Sudan (Ansaru) note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Transnational Issues2 fields
The underlying United States government material is public domain. The Almanac’s reuse terms do not change the legal status of this preserved source layer.