World · permanent entity record · NO

Norway

Thirty-second orientation

Norway at a glance

Capital: Oslo; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Population: 5,610,870; World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025
Area: 323,802 sq km; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Nationality / demonym: noun: Norwegian(s); adjective: Norwegian; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Government: parliamentary constitutional monarchy; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Languages: Bokmal Norwegian (official), Nynorsk Norwegian (official), small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04

Independently structured milestones · not a complete national history

Norway through time

1945-11-27
Admitted to the United Nations
Norway became a member of the United Nations.
United Nations, Member States · source checked 2026-09-04

Source history · changed fields only

Changes since the final CIA profile

Field	Maintained Almanac value	Final CIA profile
Population	5,610,870World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025	total: 5,509,733 (2024 est.) male: 2,780,972 female: 2,728,761CIA World Factbook · as of 2026-01-11

A difference may reflect a newer observation, a revised estimate, or a different source definition. This table reports the values and dates; it does not manufacture a trend.

Claims are attributed · classifications are dated

Claims and contested status

Related territory records

Bouvet Island
Norway
U.S. Department of State, Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty · as of 2026-03-31
Jan Mayen
Norway
U.S. Department of State, Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty · as of 2026-03-31
Svalbard
Norway
U.S. Department of State, Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty · as of 2026-03-31

A claim’s appearance records that the cited source reports it. It does not constitute an Almanac ruling on sovereignty.

World Development Indicators · latest available observation

People, economy, and access

Observation years vary by measure. Each row identifies the series and year instead of presenting unlike dates as one current snapshot.

Gross domestic product: $530.8 billion; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Gross domestic product per person: $94,594; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Life expectancy at birth: 83.2 years; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Urban population: 83.6%; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Access to electricity: 100.0%; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS. Underlying providers: World Bank ESMAP, Tracking SDG 7. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
People using the internet: 99.0%; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS. Underlying providers: International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved 2026-09-08.

World Development Indicators data are provided under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). The linked indicator metadata identifies the underlying statistical providers.

Maintained profile

Capital: Oslo; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04The nation set and displayed federal short name follow the current State Department independent-states register, dated August 11, 2026.
Area: 323,802 sq km; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04Final CIA source data preserved by a community mirror after the Factbook was retired; the mirror is not the issuing authority.
Population: 5,610,870; World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.POP.TOTL. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Currency: Norwegian kroner (NOK); CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04Currency label extracted from the Factbook exchange-rate field.
Languages: Bokmal Norwegian (official), Nynorsk Norwegian (official), small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04Factbook language listing reproduced without inferring official status beyond the source wording.
Nationality / demonym: noun: Norwegian(s); adjective: Norwegian; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04The source’s noun and adjective forms are retained. These are language labels, not evidence of any individual person’s citizenship.
Government: parliamentary constitutional monarchy; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
UN membership: 1945-11-27; United Nations, Member States · as of 2026-09-04
Continent: Europe; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-11Continental label standardized from the archived profile region “Europe.”
Coastline: 25,148 km note: includes the mainland at 2,650 km, as well as long fjords, numerous small islands, and minor indentations at 22,498 km; length of island coastlines is 58,133 km; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-11Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Climate: temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers; rainy year-round on west coast; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-11Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Religions: Church of Norway (Evangelical Lutheran - official) 67.5%, Muslim 3.1%, Roman Catholic 3.1%, other Christian 3.8%, other 2.6%, unspecified 19.9% (2021 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-11Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Flag colors: red, blue, white; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-11Colors extracted from the flag description in the preserved final CIA profile.
National symbol: lion; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-11Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Highest point: Galdhopiggen · 8,100 ft (2,469 m); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-11Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Lowest point: Norwegian Sea · 0 ft (0 m); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-11Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
NATO membership: Member; NATO, What is NATO? · as of 2026-09-06Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.
BRICS membership: Not a member; BRICS Brazil, About the BRICS · as of 2026-09-06Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.

Preserved public-domain record · not maintained current data

Final CIA World Factbook profile

This is the preserved historical baseline from the Factbook’s final public snapshot. It is presented as the CIA stated it, not as a current Standard American Almanac finding. Current, independently maintained facts appear above when available.

CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · profile updated 2026-01-11 · pinned source record · commit d81154954b8b

Introduction1 fields

Background: Two centuries of Viking raids into Europe tapered off after King Olav TRYGGVASON adopted Christianity in 994; conversion of the Norwegian kingdom occurred over the next several decades. In 1397, Norway was absorbed into a union with Denmark that lasted more than four centuries. In 1814, Norwegians resisted the cession of their country to Sweden and adopted a new constitution. Sweden then invaded Norway but agreed to let Norway keep its constitution in return for accepting the union under a Swedish king. Rising nationalism throughout the 19th century led to a 1905 referendum granting Norway independence. Norway remained neutral in World War I and proclaimed its neutrality at the outset of World War II, but Nazi Germany nonetheless occupied the country for five years (1940-45). In 1949, Norway abandoned neutrality and became a member of NATO. Discovery of oil and gas in adjacent waters in the late 1960s boosted Norway's economic fortunes. In referenda held in 1972 and 1994, Norway rejected joining the EU. Key domestic issues include immigration and integration of ethnic minorities, maintaining the country's extensive social safety net with an aging population, and preserving economic competitiveness.; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source

Geography17 fields

Location: Northern Europe, bordering the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Sweden; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Geographic coordinates: 62 00 N, 10 00 E; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Map references: Europe; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Area: total : 323,802 sq km land: 304,282 sq km water: 19,520 sq km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Area - comparative: slightly larger than twice the size of Georgia; slightly larger than New Mexico; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Land boundaries: total: 2,566 km border countries (3): Finland 709 km; Sweden 1,666 km; Russia 191 km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Coastline: 25,148 km note: includes the mainland at 2,650 km, as well as long fjords, numerous small islands, and minor indentations at 22,498 km; length of island coastlines is 58,133 km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 10 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Climate: temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers; rainy year-round on west coast; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Terrain: glaciated; mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains broken by fertile valleys; small, scattered plains; coastline deeply indented by fjords; arctic tundra in north; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Elevation: highest point: Galdhopiggen 2,469 m lowest point: Norwegian Sea 0 m mean elevation: 460 m; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, titanium, pyrites, nickel, fish, timber, hydropower; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Land use: agricultural land: 2.7% (2023 est.) arable land: 2.2% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 0.5% (2023 est.) forest: 33.3% (2023 est.) other: 64% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Irrigated land: 337 sq km (2016); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Population distribution: most people live in the south; population clusters are found along the North Sea coast in the southwest and Skaggerak in the southeast; the interior areas of the north remain sparsely populated; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Natural hazards: rockslides, avalanches volcanism: Beerenberg (2,227 m) on Jan Mayen Island in the Norwegian Sea is the country's only active volcano; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Geography - note: about two-thirds mountains; some 50,000 islands off its much-indented coastline; strategic location adjacent to sea lanes and air routes in North Atlantic; one of the most rugged and longest coastlines in the world; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source

People and Society34 fields

Population: total: 5,509,733 (2024 est.) male: 2,780,972 female: 2,728,761; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Nationality: noun: Norwegian(s) adjective: Norwegian; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Ethnic groups: Norwegian 81.5% (includes about 60,000 Sami), other European 8.9%, other 9.6% (2021 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Languages: Bokmal Norwegian (official), Nynorsk Norwegian (official), small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities major-language sample(s): Verdens Faktabok, den essensielle kilden for grunnleggende informasjon. (Norwegian) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. note: Sami has three dialects (Lule, North Sami, and South Sami) and is an official language in nine municipalities in the northernmost counties of Finnmark, Nordland, and Troms; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Religions: Church of Norway (Evangelical Lutheran - official) 67.5%, Muslim 3.1%, Roman Catholic 3.1%, other Christian 3.8%, other 2.6%, unspecified 19.9% (2021 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Age structure: 0-14 years: 16.3% (male 461,979/female 438,243) 15-64 years: 64.5% (male 1,820,692/female 1,734,818) 65 years and over: 19.1% (2024 est.) (male 498,301/female 555,700); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 55 (2024 est.) youth dependency ratio: 25.3 (2024 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 29.6 (2024 est.) potential support ratio: 3.4 (2024 est.) note: data include Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Median age: total: 41 years (2025 est.) male: 40.1 years female: 41.5 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Population growth rate: 0.57% (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Birth rate: 10.35 births/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Death rate: 8.6 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Net migration rate: 3.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Population distribution: most people live in the south; population clusters are found along the North Sea coast in the southwest and Skaggerak in the southeast; the interior areas of the north remain sparsely populated; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Urbanization: urban population: 84% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 1.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) note: data include Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Major urban areas - population: 1.086 million OSLO (capital) (2023); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Mother's mean age at first birth: 29.8 years (2020 est.) note: data is calculated based on actual age at first births; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Maternal mortality ratio: 1 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Infant mortality rate: total: 1.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 2.1 deaths/1,000 live births female: 1.5 deaths/1,000 live births; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 82.9 years (2024 est.) male: 81.3 years female: 84.6 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Total fertility rate: 1.58 children born/woman (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Gross reproduction rate: 0.77 (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Drinking water source: urban: 100% of population (2022 est.) rural: 100% of population (2022 est.) total: 100% of population (2022 est.) urban: 0% of population (2022 est.) rural: 0% of population (2022 est.) total: 0% of population (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Health expenditure: 8.1% of GDP (2022) 17.8% of national budget (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Physician density: 4.98 physicians/1,000 population (2023); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Hospital bed density: 3.4 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Sanitation facility access: urban: 100% of population (2022 est.) rural: 100% of population (2022 est.) total: 100% of population (2022 est.) urban: 0% of population (2022 est.) rural: 0% of population (2022 est.) total: 0% of population (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Obesity - adult prevalence rate: 23.1% (2016); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Alcohol consumption per capita: total: 6.05 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 2.63 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 2.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 1 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 0.19 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Tobacco use: total: 12% (2025 est.) male: 12.6% (2025 est.) female: 11.3% (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Currently married women (ages 15-49): 57.4% (2021 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Child marriage: women married by age 15: 0% (2022) women married by age 18: 0% (2022); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Education expenditure: 5.5% of GDP (2022 est.) 14.5% national budget (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 19 years (2023 est.) male: 18 years (2023 est.) female: 20 years (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source

Environment12 fields

Environmental issues: water pollution; acid rain damaging forests and affecting lakes and fish stocks; air pollution from vehicle emissions; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
International environmental agreements: party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Climate: temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers; rainy year-round on west coast; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Land use: agricultural land: 2.7% (2023 est.) arable land: 2.2% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 0.5% (2023 est.) forest: 33.3% (2023 est.) other: 64% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Urbanization: urban population: 84% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 1.32% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.) note: data include Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Carbon dioxide emissions: 38.535 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 2.929 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 25.576 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 10.029 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Particulate matter emissions: 7 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Methane emissions: energy: 31 kt (2022-2024 est.) agriculture: 99.8 kt (2019-2021 est.) waste: 33 kt (2019-2021 est.) other: 6.2 kt (2019-2021 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually: 4.15 million tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 35.3% (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Total water withdrawal: municipal: 773.41 million cubic meters (2022 est.) industrial: 1.071 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) agricultural: 844.9 million cubic meters (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Total renewable water resources: 393 billion cubic meters (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Geoparks: total global geoparks and regional networks: 5 (2025) global geoparks and regional networks: Gea Norvegica; Fjord Coast; Magma; Sunnhordland; Trollfjell (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source

Government24 fields

Country name: conventional long form: Kingdom of Norway conventional short form: Norway local long form: Kongeriket Norge local short form: Norge etymology: derives from the Old Norse words norre and vegr, meaning "northern way," and refers to the long coastline of western Norway; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Government type: parliamentary constitutional monarchy; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Capital: name: Oslo geographic coordinates: 59 55 N, 10 45 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October etymology: the name may derive from the Old Norwegian word os, meaning "estuary" and referring to the city's location on a fjord; alternatively, the name may come from As, a Scandinavian god, and Lo, a nearby river; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Administrative divisions: 12 counties (fylker, singular - fylke); Agder, Innlandet, More og Romsdal, Nordland, Oslo, Rogaland, Romsdal, Troms og Finnmark, Trondelag, Vestfold og Telemark, Vestland, Viken (2024); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Dependent areas: Bouvet Island, Jan Mayen, Svalbard (3); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Legal system: mixed system of civil, common, and customary law; Supreme Court can advise on legislative acts; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Constitution: history: drafted spring 1814, adopted 16 May 1814, signed by Constituent Assembly 17 May 1814 amendment process: proposals submitted by members of Parliament or by the government within the first three years of Parliament's four-year term; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of a two-thirds quorum in the next elected Parliament; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Citizenship: citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Norway dual citizenship recognized: yes residency requirement for naturalization: 7 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Executive branch: chief of state: King HARALD V (since 17 January 1991) head of government: Prime Minister Jonas Gahr STORE (since 14 October 2021) cabinet: Council of State appointed by the monarch, approved by Parliament election/appointment process: the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the monarch usually appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister, with the approval of Parliament; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Legislative branch: legislature name: Parliament (Stortinget) legislative structure: unicameral number of seats: 169 (all directly elected) electoral system: proportional representation scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 4 years most recent election date: 9/8/2025 parties elected and seats per party: Labour Party (53); Progress Party (47); Conservative Party (24); Socialist Left Party (9); Center Party (9); Red Party (9); Other (18) percentage of women in chamber: 40.2% expected date of next election: September 2029; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Judicial branch: highest court(s): Supreme Court or Hoyesterett (consists of the chief justice and 18 associate justices) judge selection and term of office: justices appointed by the monarch (King in Council) on the recommendation of the Judicial Appointments Board; justices can serve until mandatory retirement at age 70 subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal or Lagmennsrett; regional and district courts; Conciliation Boards; ordinary and special courts note: in addition to professionally trained judges, elected lay judges sit on the bench with professional judges in the Courts of Appeal and district courts; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Political parties: Center Party or Sp Christian Democratic Party or KrF Conservative Party or H Green Party or MDG Labor Party or Ap Liberal Party or V Patient Focus or PF Progress Party or FrP Red Party or R Socialist Left Party or SV; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Anniken Scharning HUITFELDT (since 18 September 2024) chancery: 2720 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 333-6000 FAX: [1] (202) 469-3990 email address and website: emb.washington@mfa.no https://www.norway.no/en/usa/ consulate(s) general: New York, San Francisco; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Eric MEYER (since August 2024) embassy: Morgedalsvegen 36, 0378 Oslo mailing address: 5460 Oslo Place, Washington DC 20521-5460 telephone: [47] 21-30-85-40 FAX: [47] 22-56-27-51 email address and website: OsloACS@state.gov https://no.usembassy.gov/; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
International organization participation: ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, EITI (implementing country), ESA, FAO, FATF, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMISS, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Independence: 7 June 1905 (union with Sweden declared dissolved); 26 October 1905 (Sweden agreed to the repeal of the union); notable earlier dates: ca. 872 (traditional unification of Norwegian kingdoms by HARALD Fairhair); 1397 (Kalmar Union of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden); 1524 (Denmark-Norway); 17 May 1814 (Norwegian constitution adopted); 4 November 1814 (Sweden-Norway union confirmed); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
National holiday: Constitution Day, 17 May (1814); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Flag: description: red with a blue cross outlined in white that extends to the edges of the flag; the the cross is shifted to the left side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) meaning: the colors represent Norway's past political unions with Denmark (red and white) and Sweden (blue); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
National symbol(s): lion; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
National color(s): red, white, blue; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
National anthem(s): title: "Ja, vi elsker dette landet" (Yes, We Love This Country) lyrics/music: Bjornstjerne BJORNSON/Rikard NORDRAAK history: in use since 1864, but never officially adopted _____ title: "Kongesangen" (Song of the King) lyrics/music: Gustav JENSEN history: royal anthem; uses the tune of "God Save the King," the United Kingdom's anthem note: since 2011, the patriotic song “Mitt lille land” has been called a new national anthem and is sometimes performed at patriotic events, but it is not used as often as “Ja, vi elsker dette landet”; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
National heritage: total World Heritage Sites: 8 (7 cultural, 1 natural) selected World Heritage Site locales: Bryggen (c); Urnes Stave Church (c); Røros Mining Town and the Circumference (c); Rock Art of Alta (c); Vegaøyan – The Vega Archipelago (c); Struve Geodetic Arc (c); West Norwegian Fjords – Geirangerfjord and Nærøyfjord (n); Rjukan-Notodden Industrial Heritage Site (c); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source

Economy31 fields

Economic overview: high-income, non-EU economy with trade links via European Economic Area (EEA); key role in European energy security as leader in oil, gas, and electricity exports; major fishing, forestry, and oil(?) extraction industries; oil sovereign fund supports generous welfare system; low unemployment; inflation moderating but remains above target level; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $507.68 billion (2024 est.) $497.236 billion (2023 est.) $496.877 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Real GDP growth rate: 2.1% (2024 est.) 0.1% (2023 est.) 3.2% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Real GDP per capita: $91,100 (2024 est.) $90,100 (2023 est.) $91,100 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
GDP (official exchange rate): $483.727 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.1% (2024 est.) 5.5% (2023 est.) 5.8% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 2% (2024 est.) industry: 37% (2024 est.) services: 51.8% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 37.7% (2023 est.) government consumption: 22% (2023 est.) investment in fixed capital: 21.7% (2023 est.) investment in inventories: 2.6% (2023 est.) exports of goods and services: 47.9% (2023 est.) imports of goods and services: -32.5% (2023 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Agricultural products: milk, barley, potatoes, oats, wheat, pork, chicken, beef, eggs, carrots/turnips (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Industries: petroleum and gas, shipping, fishing, aquaculture, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Industrial production growth rate: 2.4% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Labor force: 3.042 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Unemployment rate: 4% (2024 est.) 3.6% (2023 est.) 3.3% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total: 11.6% (2024 est.) male: 12.3% (2024 est.) female: 10.8% (2024 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Population below poverty line: 12.2% (2021 est.) note: % of population with income below national poverty line; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: 26.9 (2022 est.) note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Average household expenditures: on food: 11.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.) on alcohol and tobacco: 3.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 3.5% (2022 est.) highest 10%: 22% (2022 est.) note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Remittances: 0.1% of GDP (2024 est.) 0.1% of GDP (2023 est.) 0.1% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Budget: revenues: $261.945 billion (2023 est.) expenditures: $178.156 billion (2023 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Public debt: 36.5% of GDP (2017 est.) note: data cover general government debt and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data exclude treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intragovernmental debt; intragovernmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Taxes and other revenues: 27.1% (of GDP) (2023 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Current account balance: $82.511 billion (2024 est.) $84.104 billion (2023 est.) $170.714 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Exports: $229.205 billion (2024 est.) $230.882 billion (2023 est.) $323.875 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Exports - partners: Germany 18%, UK 17%, Sweden 9%, Denmark 7%, Netherlands 6% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Exports - commodities: natural gas, crude petroleum, fish, refined petroleum, aluminum (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Imports: $162.467 billion (2024 est.) $156.11 billion (2023 est.) $160.649 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Imports - partners: Sweden 11%, Germany 11%, China 11%, USA 7%, Netherlands 5% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Imports - commodities: cars, refined petroleum, ships, nickel, garments (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $81.242 billion (2024 est.) $80.459 billion (2023 est.) $72.077 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Exchange rates: Norwegian kroner (NOK) per US dollar - 10.746 (2024 est.) 10.563 (2023 est.) 9.614 (2022 est.) 8.59 (2021 est.) 9.416 (2020 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source

Energy7 fields

Electricity access: electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Electricity: installed generating capacity: 41.1 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 127.335 billion kWh (2023 est.) exports: 30.978 billion kWh (2023 est.) imports: 13.232 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 7.025 billion kWh (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels: 1.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) wind: 9.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 89.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Coal: production: 120,000 metric tons (2023 est.) consumption: 1.096 million metric tons (2023 est.) exports: 60,000 metric tons (2023 est.) imports: 1.042 million metric tons (2023 est.) proven reserves: 2 million metric tons (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Petroleum: total petroleum production: 2.02 million bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 229,000 bbl/day (2024 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 8.122 billion barrels (2021 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Natural gas: production: 121.637 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 5.082 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) exports: 117.597 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) imports: 104.744 million cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 1.544 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Energy consumption per capita: 206.961 million Btu/person (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source

Communications6 fields

Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 145,000 (2022 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 6.09 million (2022 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 111 (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Broadcast media: state-owned public radio and TV broadcaster operates 3 nationwide TV stations, 3 nationwide radio stations, and 16 regional radio stations; roughly a dozen privately owned TV stations broadcast nationally, and another 25 locally; nearly 75% of households have access to multi-channel cable or satellite TV; 2 privately owned radio stations broadcast nationwide, with another 240 local stations; Norway was the first country to phase out FM radio in favor of Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) (2019); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Internet country code: .no; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Internet users: percent of population: 99% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total: 2.49 million (2022 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 46 (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source

Transportation6 fields

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: LN; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Airports: 146 (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Heliports: 113 (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Railways: total: 3,848 km (2020) 2,482 km electrified; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Merchant marine: total: 1,720 (2022) by type: bulk carrier 109, container ship 1, general cargo 274, oil tanker 95, other 1,241; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Ports: total ports: 141 (2024) large: 1 medium: 10 small: 34 very small: 90 size unknown: 6 ports with oil terminals: 54 key ports: Bergen, Drammen, Hammerfest, Harstad, Horten, Karsto, Mongstad, Oslo, Stavanger, Tromso, Trondheim; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source

Military and Security7 fields

Military and security forces: Norwegian Armed Forces (Forsvaret or "the Defense"): Norwegian Army (Haeren), Royal Norwegian Navy (Kongelige Norske Sjoeforsvaret; includes Coastal Rangers and Coast Guard (Kystvakt)), Royal Norwegian Air Force (Kongelige Norske Luftforsvaret), Home Guard (Heimevernet, HV) (2025) note: the Norwegian Police Service is under the Ministry of Justice and Public Security; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Military expenditures: 3.4% of GDP (2025 est.) 2.3% of GDP (2024 est.) 1.8% of GDP (2023 est.) 1.5% of GDP (2022 est.) 1.7% of GDP (2021 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Military and security service personnel strengths: approximately 27,000 active military personnel; approximately 40,000 Home Guard (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: the military has an inventory of modern, domestically produced and imported Western European and US armaments; Norway's defense industry participates in joint development and production of weapons systems with other European countries (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Military service age and obligation: 17 (men) or 18 (women) for voluntary military service; all Norwegian citizens 19-44 are subject to selective compulsory military service; 19-month service obligation for those selected (12 months plus 4-5 refresher training periods) (2025) note 1: Norway has had compulsory military service since 1907; individuals conscripted each year are selected from a larger cohort who are evaluated through online assessments and physical tests note 2: Norway was the first NATO country to allow women to serve in all combat arms branches of the military (1985); it also has an all-female special operations unit known as Jegertroppen (The Hunter Troop), which was established in 2014; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Military deployments: around 100 Lithuania (NATO); Norway also deploys air and naval assets in support of other NATO operations (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Military - note: the Norwegian Armed Forces (Forsvaret) are responsible for protecting Norway and its allies, including monitoring Norway’s airspace, digital, land, and maritime areas, maintaining the country’s borders and sovereignty, contributing to NATO and UN missions, and providing support to civil society, such as assisting the police, search and rescue, and maritime counterterrorism efforts; the military’s territorial and sovereignty defense missions are complicated by Norway’s vast sea areas, numerous islands, long and winding fjords, and difficult and mountainous terrain; a key area of emphasis is its far northern border with Russia Norway is one of the original members of NATO, and the Alliance is a key component of Norway’s defense policy; the Forsvaret participates in NATO exercises, missions, and operations, including air policing of NATO territory, NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence mission in the Baltic States and Eastern Europe, and standing naval missions, as well as operations in non-NATO areas, such as the Middle East the Forsvaret also cooperates closely with the militaries of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO; established 2009), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; Norway contributes to the UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force, a pool of high-readiness military forces from 10 Baltic and Scandinavian countries designed to respond to a wide range of contingencies in the High North, North Atlantic, and Baltic Sea regions; Norway has close military ties with the US, including rotational US military deployments and an agreement allowing for mutual defense activities and US military forces to access some Norwegian facilities the Forsvaret's origins go back to the leidangen, defense forces which were established along the coastline in the 10th century to protect the Norwegian coast (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source

Space4 fields

Space agency/agencies: the Norwegian Space Agency (NOSA, aka Norsk Romsenter; established 1987) (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Space launch site(s): Andøya Space Center (Andøya Island; note - first operational spaceport in continental Europe) (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Space program overview: jointly designs and builds satellites with foreign partners, including communications, remote sensing (RS), scientific, and navigational/positional satellites; develops and launches sounding rockets; researches and produces a range of other space-related technologies, including satellite/space launch vehicle (SLV) and space station components, telescopes, and robotics; conducts solar and telecommunications research; member of the ESA; participates in international programs such as the International Space Station; hosts training on the island of Svalbard for Mars landing missions; cooperates with a variety of foreign space agencies and industries, including those of Canada, ESA/EU member states, Japan, Russia, and the US; has an active and advanced private-sector space industry that works with domestic and foreign space programs (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source
Key space-program milestones: 1962 - launched first research rocket 1992 - began operating first communications satellite (THOR-1) 2010 - built first satellite (AISSat-1) to monitor from polar orbit Automatic Identification Signals from ships (launched by India) 2017 - launched two microsatellites (NorSat-1 and -2) to track commercial sea vessels 2025 - signed US-led Artemis Accords for space and lunar exploration; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source

Transnational Issues1 fields

Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees: 129,894 (2024 est.) stateless persons: 1,621 (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-11 · source

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