World · permanent entity record · PR

Puerto Rico

Thirty-second orientation

Puerto Rico at a glance

Capital: name: San Juan geographic coordinates: 18 28 N, 66 07 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: Spanish explorer Juan PONCE de Leon named the city in 1511 both for himself and for his name saint, Saint John; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18
Population: total: 2,984,841 (2025 est.) male: 1,400,771 female: 1,584,070; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18
Area: total : 9,104 sq km land: 8,959 sq km water: 145 sq km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18
Nationality / demonym: noun: Puerto Rican(s) (US citizens) adjective: Puerto Rican; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18
Government: unincorporated organized territory of the US with local self-government; republican form of territorial government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches; note - reference Puerto Rican Federal Relations Act, 2 March 1917, as amended by Public Law 600, 3 July 1950; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18
Languages: Spanish, English major-language sample(s): La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18

Claims are attributed · classifications are dated

Claims and contested status

Maintained classification

Dependency or area of special sovereignty

United States

U.S. Department of State, Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty · as of 2026-03-31

A claim’s appearance records that the cited source reports it. It does not constitute an Almanac ruling on sovereignty.

Maintained profile

Classification: Dependency or area of special sovereignty; U.S. Department of State, Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty · as of 2026-03-31Federal classification and wording follow the current State Department register.
Sovereignty or administration: United States; U.S. Department of State, Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty · as of 2026-03-31
Administrative center: San Juan; U.S. Department of State, Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty · as of 2026-03-31

Preserved public-domain record · not maintained current data

Final CIA World Factbook profile

This is the preserved historical baseline from the Factbook’s final public snapshot. It is presented as the CIA stated it, not as a current Standard American Almanac finding. Current, independently maintained facts appear above when available.

CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · profile updated 2026-01-18 · pinned source record · commit d81154954b8b

Introduction1 fields

Background: Populated for centuries by aboriginal peoples, Puerto Rico was claimed by the Spanish Crown in 1493 after Christopher COLUMBUS' second voyage to the Americas. In 1898, after 400 years of colonial rule that saw the indigenous population nearly exterminated and African slave labor introduced, Puerto Rico was ceded to the US as a result of the Spanish-American War. Puerto Ricans were granted US citizenship in 1917. Popularly elected governors have served since 1948. In 1952, a constitution was enacted that provided for internal self-government. In plebiscites held in 1967, 1993, and 1998, voters chose not to alter the existing political status with the US, but the results of a 2012 vote left open the possibility of American statehood. A referendum held in late 2020 showed a narrow preference for statehood. Economic recession on the island has led to a net population loss since about 2005, as large numbers of residents moved to the US mainland. In 2017, Hurricane Maria was the worst storm to hit the island in eight decades, and damage was estimated in the tens of billions of dollars.; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

Geography17 fields

Location: Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of the Dominican Republic; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Geographic coordinates: 18 15 N, 66 30 W; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Map references: Central America and the Caribbean; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Area: total : 9,104 sq km land: 8,959 sq km water: 145 sq km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Area - comparative: slightly less than three times the size of Rhode Island; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Land boundaries: total: 0 km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Coastline: 501 km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Climate: tropical marine, mild; little seasonal temperature variation; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Terrain: mostly mountains with coastal plain in north; precipitous mountains to the sea on west coast; sandy beaches along most coastal areas; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Elevation: highest point: Cerro de Punta 1,338 m lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m mean elevation: 261 m; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Natural resources: some copper and nickel; potential for onshore and offshore oil; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Land use: agricultural land: 19% (2023 est.) arable land: 5.7% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 1.8% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 11.6% (2023 est.) forest: 50.3% (2023 est.) other: 30.6% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Irrigated land: 220 sq km (2012); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Population distribution: population clusters tend to be found along the coast, with the largest of these in and around San Juan; an exception is a sizeable population located in the interior of the island immediately south of the capital around Caguas; most of the interior, particularly in the western half of the island, is dominated by the Cordillera Central mountains, where population density is low; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Natural hazards: periodic droughts; hurricanes; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Geography - note: important location along the Mona Passage, a key shipping lane to the Panama Canal; San Juan is one of the biggest and best natural harbors in the Caribbean; many small rivers and high central mountains ensure land is well-watered; south coast relatively dry; fertile coastal plain belt in north; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

People and Society28 fields

Population: total: 2,984,841 (2025 est.) male: 1,400,771 female: 1,584,070; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Nationality: noun: Puerto Rican(s) (US citizens) adjective: Puerto Rican; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Ethnic groups: White 75.8%, Black/African American 12.4%, other 8.5% (includes American Indian, Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian, other Pacific Islander, and others), mixed 3.3% (2010 est.) note: 99% of the population is Latino; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Languages: Spanish, English major-language sample(s): La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Religions: Roman Catholic 56%, Protestant 33% (largely Pentecostal), other 2%, atheist 1%, none 7% (2014 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Age structure: 0-14 years: 12.5% (male 191,649/female 184,597) 15-64 years: 62.6% (male 904,406/female 986,778) 65 years and over: 24.9% (2024 est.) (male 322,698/female 429,322); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 60.7 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 19.4 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 41.2 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 2.4 (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Median age: total: 46.7 years (2025 est.) male: 44.2 years female: 47.8 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Population growth rate: -1.1% (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Birth rate: 7.78 births/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Death rate: 10.48 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Net migration rate: -8.35 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Population distribution: population clusters tend to be found along the coast, with the largest of these in and around San Juan; an exception is a sizeable population located in the interior of the island immediately south of the capital around Caguas; most of the interior, particularly in the western half of the island, is dominated by the Cordillera Central mountains, where population density is low; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Urbanization: urban population: 93.6% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: -0.12% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Major urban areas - population: 2.440 million SAN JUAN (capital) (2023); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.89 male(s)/female (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Maternal mortality ratio: 11 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Infant mortality rate: total: 5.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 6.4 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.2 deaths/1,000 live births; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 82.1 years (2024 est.) male: 78.9 years female: 85.5 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Total fertility rate: 1.27 children born/woman (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Gross reproduction rate: 0.62 (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Drinking water source: total: 100% of population (2022 est.) total: 0% of population (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Physician density: 3.06 physicians/1,000 population (2018); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Sanitation facility access: total: 100% of population (2022 est.) total: 0% of population (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Currently married women (ages 15-49): 40.9% (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Education expenditure: 4.3% of GDP (2024 est.) 16% national budget (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Literacy: total population: 92.4% (2017 est.) male: 92.4% (2017 est.) female: 92.4% (2017 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 17 years (2023 est.) male: 16 years (2023 est.) female: 18 years (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

Environment8 fields

Environmental issues: soil erosion; occasional droughts cause water shortages; industrial pollution; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Climate: tropical marine, mild; little seasonal temperature variation; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Land use: agricultural land: 19% (2023 est.) arable land: 5.7% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 1.8% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 11.6% (2023 est.) forest: 50.3% (2023 est.) other: 30.6% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Urbanization: urban population: 93.6% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: -0.12% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Carbon dioxide emissions: 18.833 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 2.49 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 11.801 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 4.542 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually: 4.171 million tons (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Total water withdrawal: municipal: 796 million cubic meters (2022 est.) industrial: 2.365 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) agricultural: 113.5 million cubic meters (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Total renewable water resources: 7.1 billion cubic meters (2022); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

Government25 fields

Country name: conventional long form: Commonwealth of Puerto Rico conventional short form: Puerto Rico abbreviation: PR etymology: Christopher COLUMBUS originally named the island San Juan Bautista (Saint John the Baptist) and the capital city and main port Cuidad de Puerto Rico (Rich Port City); over time, the names were shortened and transposed; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Government type: unincorporated organized territory of the US with local self-government; republican form of territorial government with separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches; note - reference Puerto Rican Federal Relations Act, 2 March 1917, as amended by Public Law 600, 3 July 1950; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Dependency status: unincorporated organized territory of the US with commonwealth status; policy relations between Puerto Rico and the US conducted under the jurisdiction of the Office of the President; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Capital: name: San Juan geographic coordinates: 18 28 N, 66 07 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: Spanish explorer Juan PONCE de Leon named the city in 1511 both for himself and for his name saint, Saint John; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Administrative divisions: no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US government, but 78 municipalities (municipios, singular - municipio) are considered second-order: Adjuntas, Aguada, Aguadilla, Aguas Buenas, Aibonito, Anasco, Arecibo, Arroyo, Barceloneta, Barranquitas, Bayamon, Cabo Rojo, Caguas, Camuy, Canovanas, Carolina, Catano, Cayey, Ceiba, Ciales, Cidra, Coamo, Comerio, Corozal, Culebra, Dorado, Fajardo, Florida, Guanica, Guayama, Guayanilla, Guaynabo, Gurabo, Hatillo, Hormigueros, Humacao, Isabela, Jayuya, Juana Diaz, Juncos, Lajas, Lares, Las Marias, Las Piedras, Loiza, Luquillo, Manati, Maricao, Maunabo, Mayaguez, Moca, Morovis, Naguabo, Naranjito, Orocovis, Patillas, Penuelas, Ponce, Quebradillas, Rincon, Rio Grande, Sabana Grande, Salinas, San German, San Juan, San Lorenzo, San Sebastian, Santa Isabel, Toa Alta, Toa Baja, Trujillo Alto, Utuado, Vega Alta, Vega Baja, Vieques, Villalba, Yabucoa, Yauco; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Legal system: civil law system based on the Spanish civil code, within the framework of the US federal system; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Constitution: history: previous 1900 (Organic Act, or Foraker Act); latest ratified by referendum 3 March 1952, approved 3 July 1952, effective 25 July 1952 amendment process: proposed by a concurrent resolution of at least two-thirds majority by the total Legislative Assembly membership; approval requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both houses and approval by a majority of voters in a special referendum; if passed by at least three-fourths Assembly vote, the referendum can be held concurrently with the next general election; constitutional articles such as the republican form of government or the bill of rights cannot be amended; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Citizenship: see United States; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal note: residents are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Executive branch: chief of state: President Donald J. TRUMP (since 20 January 2025) head of government: Governor Jenniffer GONZÁLEZ-COLÓN (since 2 January 2025) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by governor with the consent of the Legislative Assembly election/appointment process: president and vice president indirectly elected on the same ballot by an Electoral College of electors chosen from each state; president and vice president serve a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); under the US Constitution, residents of Puerto Rico do not vote in elections for US president and vice president, but they can vote in Democratic and Republican party presidential primary elections; governor directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 4-year term (no term limits) most recent election date: 5 November 2024 election results: 2024: Jenniffer GONZÁLEZ-COLÓN elected governor; percent of vote - Jenniffer GONZÁLEZ-COLÓN (PNP) 39.4%, Juan DALMAU Ramírez (PIP) 32.7%, Jesús Manuel ORTIZ (PPD) 21.1%, Javier JIMÉNEZ (PD) 6.7%, other 0.1% 2020: Pedro PIERLUISI elected governor; percent of vote - Pedro PIERLUISI (PNP) 32.9%, Carlos DELGADO (PPD) 31.6%, Alexandra LUGARO (independent) 14.2%, Juan DALMAU (PIP) 13.7%, other 7.6% expected date of next election: 7 November 2028; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Legislative branch: legislature name: Legislative Assembly (Asamblea Legislativa) legislative structure: bicameral term in office: 4 years note: Puerto Rico directly elects 1 member by simple majority vote to serve a 4-year term as a commissioner to the US House of Representatives; the commissioner can vote when serving on a committee and when the House meets as the Committee of the Whole House but not when legislation is submitted for a 'full floor' House vote; election of commissioner last held on 6 November 2018 (next to be held in November 2022); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Legislative branch - lower chamber: chamber name: House of Representatives (Camara de Representantes) number of seats: 51 (directly elected) electoral system: plurality/majority scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 4 years most recent election date: 11/3/2020 parties elected and seats per party: PPD (26); PNP (21); MVC (2); PIP (1); PD (1) percentage of women in chamber: 19.6% expected date of next election: November 2024; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Legislative branch - upper chamber: chamber name: Senate (Senado) number of seats: 30 (directly elected) electoral system: plurality/majority scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 4 years most recent election date: 11/3/2020 parties elected and seats per party: PPD (12); NP (10); MVC (2); PD (1); PIP (1); independent (1) percentage of women in chamber: 48.1% expected date of next election: November 2024; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Judicial branch: highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 8 associate justices) judge selection and term of office: justices appointed by the governor and confirmed by majority Senate vote; judges serve until compulsory retirement at age 70 subordinate courts: Court of Appeals; First Instance Court comprised of superior and municipal courts; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Political parties: Citizens' Victory Movement (Movimiento Victoria Ciudadana) or MVC Democratic Party of Puerto Rico New Progressive Party or PNP (pro-US statehood) Popular Democratic Party or PPD (pro-commonwealth) Project Dignity (Projecto Dignidad) or PD Puerto Rican Independence Party or PIP (pro-independence) Republican Party of Puerto Rico; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Diplomatic representation in the US: none (territory of the US); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Diplomatic representation from the US: embassy: none (territory of the US with commonwealth status); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
International organization participation: AOSIS (observer), Caricom (observer), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, UNWTO (associate), UPU, WFTU (NGOs); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Independence: none (territory of the US with commonwealth status); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
National holiday: US Independence Day, 4 July (1776); Puerto Rico Constitution Day, 25 July (1952); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Flag: description: five equal horizontal bands of red alternating with white; a blue isosceles triangle based on the left side has a large five-pointed white star in the center meaning: the star stands for the country; the three sides of the triangle stand for the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the government; blue stands for the sky and the coastal waters, red for the blood shed by warriors, and white for liberty, victory, and peace note: design initially influenced by the US flag, but similar to the Cuban flag, with the colors of the bands and triangle reversed; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
National symbol(s): Puerto Rican spindalis (bird), coqui (frog); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
National color(s): red, white, blue; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
National anthem(s): title: "La Borinquena" (The Puerto Rican) lyrics/music: Manuel Fernandez JUNCOS/Felix Astol ARTES history: music adopted 1952, lyrics adopted 1977; the local anthem's name refers to the local name for the island, Borinquen; the music was originally composed as a dance in 1867 and gained popularity in the early 20th century _____ title: "The Star-Spangled Banner" lyrics/music: Francis Scott KEY/John Stafford SMITH history: official anthem, as a US commonwealth; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
National heritage: total World Heritage Sites: 1 (cultural); note - excerpted from the US entry selected World Heritage Site locales: La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

Economy22 fields

Economic overview: US Caribbean island territorial economy; hit hard by COVID-19 and hurricanes; declining labor force and job growth after a decade of continuous recession; capital-based industry and tourism; high poverty; energy import-dependent; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $141.344 billion (2024 est.) $136.926 billion (2023 est.) $136.247 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Real GDP growth rate: 3.2% (2024 est.) 0.5% (2023 est.) 3% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Real GDP per capita: $44,100 (2024 est.) $42,700 (2023 est.) $42,300 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
GDP (official exchange rate): $125.842 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4.3% (2022 est.) 2.4% (2021 est.) -0.5% (2020 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 0.7% (2024 est.) industry: 48% (2024 est.) services: 51.5% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 76% (2024 est.) government consumption: 8.2% (2024 est.) investment in fixed capital: 14.6% (2024 est.) investment in inventories: 0.2% (2024 est.) exports of goods and services: 51.9% (2024 est.) imports of goods and services: -42.8% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Agricultural products: milk, plantains, bananas, tomatoes, chicken, oranges, mangoes/guavas, pineapples, eggs, pumpkins/squash (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Industries: pharmaceuticals, electronics, apparel, food products, tourism; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Labor force: 1.152 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Unemployment rate: 5.5% (2024 est.) 5.8% (2023 est.) 6% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total: 12.5% (2024 est.) male: 14% (2024 est.) female: 9.8% (2024 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Budget: revenues: $9.268 billion (2017 est.) expenditures: $9.974 billion (2017 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Public debt: 50.1% of GDP (2016 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Exports: $65.368 billion (2024 est.) $63.563 billion (2023 est.) $59.712 billion (2022 est.) note: GDP expenditure basis - exports of goods and services in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Exports - partners: Italy 15%, Netherlands 15%, Belgium 9%, Japan 8%, Germany 8%, Austria 8%, Spain 7%, China 5% (2019); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Exports - commodities: packaged medicines, medical cultures/vaccines, hormones, orthopedic and medical appliances, sulfur compounds (2019) top five export commodities based on value in dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Imports: $53.898 billion (2024 est.) $56.889 billion (2023 est.) $52.15 billion (2022 est.) note: GDP expenditure basis - imports of goods and services in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Imports - partners: Ireland 38%, Singapore 9%, Switzerland 8%, South Korea 5% (2019); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Imports - commodities: nitrogen compounds, sulfur compounds, refined petroleum, medical cultures/vaccines, cars (2019); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Exchange rates: the US dollar is used; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

Energy7 fields

Electricity access: electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Electricity: installed generating capacity: 6.898 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 18.669 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 1.224 billion kWh (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels: 94.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 4.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) wind: 0.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Coal: consumption: 1.124 million metric tons (2023 est.) exports: 500 metric tons (2023 est.) imports: 1.124 million metric tons (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Petroleum: refined petroleum consumption: 80,000 bbl/day (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Natural gas: consumption: 2.315 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) exports: 15.627 million cubic meters (2023 est.) imports: 2.331 billion cubic meters (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Energy consumption per capita: 86.286 million Btu/person (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

Communications6 fields

Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 758,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 23 (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 4.1 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 126 (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Broadcast media: more than 30 TV stations; cable TV subscription services are available; roughly 125 radio stations; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Internet country code: .pr; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Internet users: percent of population: 87% (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total: 751,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 23 (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

Transportation3 fields

Airports: 20 (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Heliports: 40 (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Ports: total ports: 14 (2024) large: 0 medium: 3 small: 4 very small: 7 ports with oil terminals: 7 key ports: Arroyo, Ensenada Honda, Mayaguez, Playa de Guanica, Playa de Guayanilla, Playa de Ponce, San Juan; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

Military and Security2 fields

Military and security forces: Puerto Rico Police; Puerto Rico (US) National Guard (Guardia Nacional de Puerto Rico or GNPR) (2025) note: the GNPR was created by order of the US Congress in June 1919; the organization traces its lineage and history to Spanish militias created in 1511 and is one of the oldest organizations in the US National Guard system; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source
Military - note: defense is the responsibility of the US; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

Transnational Issues1 fields

Refugees and internally displaced persons: IDPs: 146 (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18 · source

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