World · permanent entity record · PM
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Thirty-second orientation
Saint Pierre and Miquelon at a glance
- Capital
- name: Saint-Pierre geographic coordinates: 46 46 N, 56 11 W time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November etymology: may be named after Saint Peter, the patron saint of fisherman; alternatively, the name may come from one of the two navigators for whom the island as a whole is named
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18
- Population
- total: 5,070 (2025 est.) male: 2,442 female: 2,628
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18
- Area
- total : 242 sq km land: 242 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18
- Nationality / demonym
- noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women) adjective: French
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18
- Government
- parliamentary democracy (Territorial Council); overseas collectivity of France
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18
- Languages
- French (official) major-language sample(s): The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-18
Claims are attributed · classifications are dated
Claims and contested status
Maintained classification
Dependency or area of special sovereignty
France
U.S. Department of State, Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty · as of 2026-03-31A claim’s appearance records that the cited source reports it. It does not constitute an Almanac ruling on sovereignty.
Maintained profile
- Classification
- Dependency or area of special sovereignty
- U.S. Department of State, Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty · Federal classification and wording follow the current State Department register.
- Sovereignty or administration
- France
- U.S. Department of State, Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty ·
- Administrative center
- Saint-Pierre
- U.S. Department of State, Dependencies and Areas of Special Sovereignty ·
Preserved public-domain record · not maintained current data
Final CIA World Factbook profile
This is the preserved historical baseline from the Factbook’s final public snapshot. It is presented as the CIA stated it, not as a current Standard American Almanac finding. Current, independently maintained facts appear above when available.
CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · profile updated · pinned source record · commit d81154954b8b
Introduction1 fields
- Background
- First settled by the French in the early 17th century, Saint Pierre and Miquelon are the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions. They attained the status of an overseas collectivity in 2003.
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Geography17 fields
- Location
- Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Area
- total : 242 sq km land: 242 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Area - comparative
- 1.5 times the size of Washington, D.C.
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Maritime claims
- territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Climate
- cold and wet, with considerable mist and fog; spring and autumn are often windy
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Elevation
- highest point: Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Land use
- agricultural land: 8.7% (2023 est.) arable land: 8.7% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.) permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.) forest: 5% (2023 est.) other: 86.3% (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Population distribution
- most of the population is found on Saint Pierre Island; a small settlement is located on the north end of Miquelon Island
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Natural hazards
- persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Geography - note
- vegetation scanty; the islands are part of the northern Appalachians, along with Newfoundland
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
People and Society22 fields
- Population
- total: 5,070 (2025 est.) male: 2,442 female: 2,628
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Nationality
- noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women) adjective: French
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Ethnic groups
- Basques and Bretons (French fishermen)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Languages
- French (official) major-language sample(s): The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Age structure
- 0-14 years: 13.1% (male 346/female 328) 15-64 years: 61.6% (male 1,559/female 1,600) 65 years and over: 25.3% (2024 est.) (male 571/female 728)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Dependency ratios
- total dependency ratio: 63.3 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 21 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 42.3 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 2.4 (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Median age
- total: 51.8 years (2025 est.) male: 50.5 years female: 51.9 years
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Birth rate
- 6.31 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Death rate
- 11.83 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Net migration rate
- -6.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Population distribution
- most of the population is found on Saint Pierre Island; a small settlement is located on the north end of Miquelon Island
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Urbanization
- urban population: 90.1% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.75% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Major urban areas - population
- 6,000 SAINT-PIERRE (capital) (2018)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Sex ratio
- at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Infant mortality rate
- total: 7.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 9.6 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.8 deaths/1,000 live births
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Life expectancy at birth
- total population: 81.8 years (2024 est.) male: 79.5 years female: 84.3 years
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Total fertility rate
- 1.6 children born/woman (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Sanitation facility access
- total: 99.9% of population (2022 est.) total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Currently married women (ages 15-49)
- 65.2% (2020 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Environment5 fields
- Climate
- cold and wet, with considerable mist and fog; spring and autumn are often windy
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Land use
- agricultural land: 8.7% (2023 est.) arable land: 8.7% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.) permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.) forest: 5% (2023 est.) other: 86.3% (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Urbanization
- urban population: 90.1% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.75% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Carbon dioxide emissions
- 57,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 57,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Government21 fields
- Country name
- conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon local long form: Département de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon etymology: Saint-Pierre and Miquelon is reputed to be named after two navigators, one called Peter and one called Michael (in a nickname form) or Mikelon, a Basque name
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Government type
- parliamentary democracy (Territorial Council); overseas collectivity of France
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Dependency status
- overseas collectivity of France
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Capital
- name: Saint-Pierre geographic coordinates: 46 46 N, 56 11 W time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November etymology: may be named after Saint Peter, the patron saint of fisherman; alternatively, the name may come from one of the two navigators for whom the island as a whole is named
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Administrative divisions
- no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US government, but 2 communes are considered second-order: Saint Pierre, Miquelon
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Constitution
- history: 4 October 1958 (French Constitution) amendment process: amendment procedures of France's constitution apply
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President Emmanuel MACRON (since 14 May 2017); represented by Prefect Bruno ANDRE (since September 2023) head of government: President of Territorial Council Marc DIDIO (since 12 January 2026) cabinet: Le Cabinet du Préfet election/appointment process: French president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prefect appointed by French president on the advice of French Ministry of Interior; Territorial Council president elected by Territorial Council councilors by absolute majority vote; term NA most recent election date: 13 October 2020 election results: 2020: Bernard BRIAND elected President of Territorial Council; Territorial Council vote - 17 for, 2 abstentions 2017: Stephane LENORMAND elected President of Territorial Council vote - NA
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Legislative branch
- legislature name: Territorial Council (Conseil Territorial) legislative structure: unicameral number of seats: 19 (directly elected) electoral system: plurality/majority scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 6 years most recent election date: 3/27/2022 parties elected and seats per party: AD (15); Focus on the Future (4) expected date of next election: March 2028 note: 1 senator is indirectly elected to the French Senate by an electoral college for a 6-year term, and 1 deputy is directly elected to the French National Assembly for a 5-year term
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Judicial branch
- highest court(s): Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Supérieur d'Appel (composition NA) judge selection and term of office: judge selection and tenure NA
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Political parties
- Archipelago Tomorrow (Archipel Domain) or AD (affiliated with The Republicans) Focus on the Future (Cap sur l'Avenir) (affiliated with Left Radical Party) Together to Build (Ensemble pour Construire)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Diplomatic representation in the US
- none (overseas territory of France)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Diplomatic representation from the US
- embassy: none (territorial overseas collectivity of France)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- International organization participation
- UPU, WFTU (NGOs)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Independence
- none (overseas collectivity collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National holiday
- Fête de la Fédération, 14 July (1790) note: often incorrectly referred to as Bastille Day, France's national celebration commemorates the storming of the Bastille prison on 14 July 1789 and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy; other names for the holiday are la Fête nationale (National Holiday) and le Quatorze Juillet (14th of July)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Flag
- description: a yellow three-masted sailing ship facing the left side rides on a blue background with wavy white lines; a black-over-white wavy line divides the ship from the white wavy lines; on the left side, a vertical band is divided into three heraldic arms: the top (called ikkurina) is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners and overlaid with a white cross, the middle is white with an ermine pattern, and the bottom is red with two yellow lions outlined in black meaning: the arms represent settlers from the Basque Country (top), Brittany, and Normandy in France; blue symbolizes the Atlantic Ocean, and the ship represents explorer Jacques Cartier's ship when he visited the islands in 1536 note: the flag of France used for official occasions
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National anthem(s)
- title: "La Marseillaise" (The Song of Marseille) lyrics/music: Claude-Joseph ROUGET de Lisle history: official anthem, as a French collectivity
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Economy10 fields
- Economic overview
- high-income, French North American territorial economy; primarily fishing exports; substantial French Government support; highly seasonal labor force; euro user; increasing tourism and aquaculture investments
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
- $261.3 million (2015 est.) note: supplemented by annual payments from France of about $60 million
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- GDP (official exchange rate)
- $261.3 million (2015 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Agricultural products
- vegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Industries
- fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exports - partners
- Canada 78%, Ireland 5%, France 5%, Djibouti 4%, UK 2% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exports - commodities
- processed crustaceans, shellfish (2023) note: top export commodities based on value in dollars over $500,000
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Imports - partners
- France 57%, Canada 37%, Netherlands 3%, Belgium 2%, Spain 0% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Imports - commodities
- refined petroleum, packaged medicine, cars, plastic products, other foods (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exchange rates
- euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.924 (2024 est.) 0.925 (2023 est.) 0.95 (2022 est.) 0.845 (2021 est.) 0.876 (2020 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Energy3 fields
- Electricity
- installed generating capacity: 26,000 kW (2023 est.) consumption: 48.714 million kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 2 million kWh (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Electricity generation sources
- fossil fuels: 100% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Petroleum
- refined petroleum consumption: 400 bbl/day (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Communications4 fields
- Telephones - fixed lines
- total subscriptions: 4,800 (2015 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 76 (2015 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Broadcast media
- 8 TV stations, all part of the French Overseas Network, and local cable provided by SPM Telecom; 3 of 4 radio stations are part of the French Overseas Network (2021)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Internet users
- percent of population: 88.7% (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Transportation2 fields
- Ports
- total ports: 2 (2024) large: 0 medium: 0 small: 1 very small: 0 size unknown: 1 ports with oil terminals: 1 key ports: Miquelon, St. Pierre
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Military and Security1 fields
- Military - note
- defense is the responsibility of France
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
The underlying United States government material is public domain. The Almanac’s reuse terms do not change the legal status of this preserved source layer.