World · permanent entity record · SG

Senegal

Thirty-second orientation

Senegal at a glance

Capital: Dakar; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Population: 18,931,966; World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025
Area: 196,722 sq km; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Nationality / demonym: noun: Senegalese (singular and plural); adjective: Senegalese; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Government: presidential republic; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Languages: French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka, Serer, Soninke; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04

Independently structured milestones · not a complete national history

Senegal through time

1960-09-28
Admitted to the United Nations
Senegal became a member of the United Nations.
United Nations, Member States · source checked 2026-09-04

Source history · changed fields only

Changes since the final CIA profile

Field	Maintained Almanac value	Final CIA profile
Population	18,931,966World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025	total: 18,847,519 (2024 est.) male: 9,283,314 female: 9,564,205CIA World Factbook · as of 2026-01-12

A difference may reflect a newer observation, a revised estimate, or a different source definition. This table reports the values and dates; it does not manufacture a trend.

World Development Indicators · latest available observation

People, economy, and access

Observation years vary by measure. Each row identifies the series and year instead of presenting unlike dates as one current snapshot.

Gross domestic product: $37.0 billion; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Gross domestic product per person: $1,955; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Life expectancy at birth: 68.9 years; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Urban population: 55.8%; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Access to electricity: 82.9%; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS. Underlying providers: World Bank ESMAP, Tracking SDG 7. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
People using the internet: 60.1%; World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS. Underlying providers: International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved 2026-09-08.

World Development Indicators data are provided under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). The linked indicator metadata identifies the underlying statistical providers.

Maintained profile

Capital: Dakar; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04The nation set and displayed federal short name follow the current State Department independent-states register, dated August 11, 2026.
Area: 196,722 sq km; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04Final CIA source data preserved by a community mirror after the Factbook was retired; the mirror is not the issuing authority.
Population: 18,931,966; World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.POP.TOTL. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF); CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04Currency label extracted from the Factbook exchange-rate field.
Languages: French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka, Serer, Soninke; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04Factbook language listing reproduced without inferring official status beyond the source wording.
Nationality / demonym: noun: Senegalese (singular and plural); adjective: Senegalese; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04The source’s noun and adjective forms are retained. These are language labels, not evidence of any individual person’s citizenship.
Government: presidential republic; CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
UN membership: 1960-09-28; United Nations, Member States · as of 2026-09-04
Continent: Africa; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-12Continental label standardized from the archived profile region “Africa.”
Coastline: 531 km; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-12Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Climate: tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-12Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Religions: Muslim 97.2% (most adhere to one of the four main Sufi brotherhoods), Christian 2.7% (mostly Roman Catholic) (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-12Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Flag colors: green, yellow, red; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-12Colors extracted from the flag description in the preserved final CIA profile.
National symbol: lion; CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-12Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Highest point: unnamed elevation 2.8 km southeast of Nepen Diaka · 2,126 ft (648 m); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-12Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
Lowest point: Atlantic Ocean · 0 ft (0 m); CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · as of 2026-01-12Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
NATO membership: Not a member; NATO, What is NATO? · as of 2026-09-06Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.
BRICS membership: Not a member; BRICS Brazil, About the BRICS · as of 2026-09-06Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.

Preserved public-domain record · not maintained current data

Final CIA World Factbook profile

This is the preserved historical baseline from the Factbook’s final public snapshot. It is presented as the CIA stated it, not as a current Standard American Almanac finding. Current, independently maintained facts appear above when available.

CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · profile updated 2026-01-12 · pinned source record · commit d81154954b8b

Introduction1 fields

Background: Senegal is one of the few countries in the world with evidence of continuous human life from the Paleolithic period to present. Between the 14th and 16th centuries, the Jolof Empire ruled most of Senegal. Starting in the 15th century, Portugal, the Netherlands, France, and Great Britain traded along the Senegalese coast. Senegal’s location on the western tip of Africa made it a favorable base for the European slave trade. European powers used the Senegalese island of Goree as a base to purchase slaves from the warring chiefdoms on the mainland, and at the height of the slave trade in Senegal, over one-third of the Senegalese population was enslaved. In 1815, France abolished slavery and began expanding inland. During the second half of the 19th century, France took possession of Senegal as a French colony. In 1959, the French colonies of Senegal and French Sudan were merged and granted independence in 1960 as the Mali Federation. The union broke up after only a few months. In 1982, Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the nominal confederation of Senegambia. The envisaged integration of the two countries was never implemented, and the union dissolved in 1989. Since the 1980s, the Movement of Democratic Forces in the Casamance -- a separatist movement based in southern Senegal -- has led a low-level insurgency. Several attempts at reaching a comprehensive peace agreement have failed. Since 2012, despite sporadic incidents of violence, an unofficial cease-fire has remained largely in effect. Senegal is one of the most stable democracies in Africa and has a long history of participating in international peacekeeping and regional mediation. The Socialist Party of Senegal ruled for 40 years until Abdoulaye WADE was elected president in 2000 and re-elected in 2007. WADE amended Senegal's constitution over a dozen times to increase executive power and weaken the opposition. In 2012, WADE’s decision to run for a third presidential term sparked public backlash that led to his loss to current President Macky SALL. A 2016 constitutional referendum limited future presidents to two consecutive five-year terms. President Bassirou Diomaye FAYE took office in April 2024.; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source

Geography20 fields

Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Geographic coordinates: 14 00 N, 14 00 W; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Map references: Africa; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Area: total : 196,722 sq km land: 192,530 sq km water: 4,192 sq km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Area - comparative: slightly smaller than South Dakota; slightly larger than twice the size of Indiana; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Land boundaries: total: 2,684 km border countries (5): The Gambia 749 km; Guinea 363 km; Guinea-Bissau 341 km; Mali 489 km; Mauritania 742 km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Coastline: 531 km; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Climate: tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Terrain: generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Elevation: highest point: unnamed elevation 2.8 km southeast of Nepen Diaka 648 m lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m mean elevation: 69 m; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Natural resources: fish, phosphates, iron ore; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Land use: agricultural land: 49.4% (2023 est.) arable land: 19.9% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0.4% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 29.1% (2023 est.) forest: 45.1% (2023 est.) other: 5.5% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Irrigated land: 1,200 sq km (2012); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Major rivers (by length in km): Senegal (shared with Guinea [s], Mali, and Mauritania [m] ) - 1,641 km; Gambie (Gambia) (shared with Guinea [s] and The Gambia [m]) - 1,094 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Major watersheds (area sq km): Atlantic Ocean drainage: Senegal (456,397 sq km); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Major aquifers: Senegalo-Mauritanian Basin; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Population distribution: the population is concentrated in the west, with Dakar anchoring a well-defined core area; approximately 70% of the population is rural, as shown in this population distribution map; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Natural hazards: lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Geography - note: westernmost country on the African continent; The Gambia is almost an enclave within Senegal; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source

People and Society36 fields

Population: total: 18,847,519 (2024 est.) male: 9,283,314 female: 9,564,205; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Nationality: noun: Senegalese (singular and plural) adjective: Senegalese; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Ethnic groups: Wolof 39.7%, Pulaar 27.5%, Sereer 16%, Mandinka 4.9%, Jola 4.2%, Soninke 2.4%, other 5.4% (includes Europeans and persons of Lebanese descent) (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Languages: French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka, Serer, Soninke; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Religions: Muslim 97.2% (most adhere to one of the four main Sufi brotherhoods), Christian 2.7% (mostly Roman Catholic) (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Age structure: 0-14 years: 40.7% (male 3,907,986/female 3,760,594) 15-64 years: 55.9% (male 5,098,038/female 5,437,195) 65 years and over: 3.4% (2024 est.) (male 277,290/female 366,416); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 78.9 (2024 est.) youth dependency ratio: 72.8 (2024 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 6.1 (2024 est.) potential support ratio: 16.4 (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Median age: total: 19.4 years (2025 est.) male: 18.4 years female: 20 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Population growth rate: 2.4% (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Birth rate: 29.54 births/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Death rate: 4.85 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Net migration rate: -0.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Population distribution: the population is concentrated in the west, with Dakar anchoring a well-defined core area; approximately 70% of the population is rural, as shown in this population distribution map; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Urbanization: urban population: 49.6% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 3.59% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Major urban areas - population: 3.340 million DAKAR (capital) (2023); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Mother's mean age at first birth: 21.9 years (2019 est.) note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Maternal mortality ratio: 237 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Infant mortality rate: total: 30.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 34.4 deaths/1,000 live births female: 27.6 deaths/1,000 live births; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 70.6 years (2024 est.) male: 68.8 years female: 72.4 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Total fertility rate: 3.96 children born/woman (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Gross reproduction rate: 1.93 (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Drinking water source: urban: 95.9% of population (2022 est.) rural: 77% of population (2022 est.) total: 86.2% of population (2022 est.) urban: 4.1% of population (2022 est.) rural: 23% of population (2022 est.) total: 13.8% of population (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Health expenditure: 4.4% of GDP (2021) 3.4% of national budget (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Physician density: 0.11 physicians/1,000 population (2023); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Hospital bed density: 0.7 beds/1,000 population (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Sanitation facility access: urban: 95.3% of population (2022 est.) rural: 60.1% of population (2022 est.) total: 77.4% of population (2022 est.) urban: 4.7% of population (2022 est.) rural: 39.9% of population (2022 est.) total: 22.6% of population (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Obesity - adult prevalence rate: 8.8% (2016); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Alcohol consumption per capita: total: 0.25 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 0.21 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Tobacco use: total: 5.4% (2025 est.) male: 10.5% (2025 est.) female: 0.5% (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 16.2% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Currently married women (ages 15-49): 65.5% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Child marriage: women married by age 15: 8.8% (2019) women married by age 18: 30.5% (2019) men married by age 18: 0.7% (2019); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Education expenditure: 6.2% of GDP (2023 est.) 20.9% national budget (2025 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Literacy: total population: 50.4% (2023 est.) male: 61.5% (2023 est.) female: 41.5% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 9 years (2023 est.) male: 8 years (2023 est.) female: 10 years (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source

Environment11 fields

Environmental issues: deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; droughts; seasonal flooding; overfishing; weak environmental laws; poaching; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
International environmental agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Climate: tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Land use: agricultural land: 49.4% (2023 est.) arable land: 19.9% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0.4% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 29.1% (2023 est.) forest: 45.1% (2023 est.) other: 5.5% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Urbanization: urban population: 49.6% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 3.59% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Carbon dioxide emissions: 10.373 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 456,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 9.859 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 58,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Particulate matter emissions: 42.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Methane emissions: energy: 37 kt (2022-2024 est.) agriculture: 258.5 kt (2019-2021 est.) waste: 89.6 kt (2019-2021 est.) other: 4.5 kt (2019-2021 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Waste and recycling: municipal solid waste generated annually: 2.454 million tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 11.9% (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Total water withdrawal: municipal: 261 million cubic meters (2022 est.) industrial: 1.416 million cubic meters (2022 est.) agricultural: 2.759 billion cubic meters (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Total renewable water resources: 38.97 billion cubic meters (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source

Government23 fields

Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Senegal conventional short form: Senegal local long form: République du Sénégal local short form: Sénégal former: Senegambia (along with The Gambia), Mali Federation etymology: named for the Senegal River that forms the northern border of the country; the river's name may derive from "Azenegue," the Portuguese name for the Berber Zenaga people who lived north of the river, or it could come from a local word meaning "navigable"; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Government type: presidential republic; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Capital: name: Dakar geographic coordinates: 14 44 N, 17 38 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, D.C., during Standard Time) etymology: the name comes from the Wolof word n'dakar, meaning "tamarind tree"; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Administrative divisions: 14 regions (régions, singular - région); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaffrine, Kaolack, Kéedougou, Kolda, Louga, Matam, Saint-Louis, Sedhiou, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Legal system: civil law system based on French law; Constitutional Council reviews legislative acts; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Constitution: history: previous 1959 (pre-independence), 1963; latest adopted by referendum 7 January 2001, promulgated 22 January 2001 amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly; passage requires Assembly approval and approval in a referendum; the president can bypass a referendum and submit an amendment directly to the Assembly, which requires at least three-fifths majority vote; the republican form of government is not amendable; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
International law organization participation: accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Citizenship: citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Senegal dual citizenship recognized: no, but Senegalese citizens do not automatically lose their citizenship if they acquire citizenship in another state residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Executive branch: chief of state: President Bassirou Diomaye FAYE (since 2 April 2024) head of government: Prime Minister Ousmane SONKO (since 2 April 2024) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a single, renewable 5-year term most recent election date: 24 March 2024 election results: 2024: Bassirou Diomaye FAYE elected president in first round; percent of vote - Bassirou Diomaye FAYE (PASTEF) 54%, Amadou BA (APR) 36%, other 10% 2019: Macky SALL reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Macky SALL (APR) 58.3%, Idrissa SECK (Rewmi) 20.5%, Ousmane SONKO (PASTEF) 15.7%, other 5.5% expected date of next election: March 2029; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Legislative branch: legislature name: National Assembly (Assemblée nationale) legislative structure: unicameral number of seats: 165 (all directly elected) electoral system: mixed system scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 5 years most recent election date: 11/17/2024 parties elected and seats per party: Pastef Party (130); Coalition Takku Wallu Sénégal (16); Other (19) percentage of women in chamber: 41.2% expected date of next election: November 2029; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Judicial branch: highest court(s): Supreme Court or Cour Suprême (consists of the court president and 12 judges and organized into civil and commercial, criminal, administrative, and social chambers); Constitutional Council or Conseil Constitutionnel (consists of 7 members, including the court president, vice president, and 5 judges) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the president of the republic upon recommendation of the Superior Council of the Magistrates, a body chaired by the president and minister of justice; judge tenure varies, with mandatory retirement either at 65 or 68 years; Constitutional Council members are appointed, 5 by the president and 2 by the National Assembly speaker; judges serve 6-year terms, with renewal of 2 members every 2 years subordinate courts: High Court of Justice (for crimes of high treason by the president); Courts of Appeal; Court of Auditors; assize courts; regional and district courts; Labor Court; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Political parties: Alliance for Citizenship and Work or ACT Alliance for the Republic-Yakaar or APR Alliance of Forces of Progress or AFP AND (National Alliance for Democracy) And-Jef/African Party for Democracy and Socialism or AJ/PADS ARC (Alternative for the next generation of citizens) Awalé Benno Bokk Yakaar or BBY (United in Hope); coalition includes AFP, APR, BGC, LD-MPT, PIT, PS, and UNP Bokk Gis Gis coalition Citizen Movement for National Reform or MCRN-Bes Du Nakk Coalition Mimi 2024 Dare the Future movement Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT Democratic Renaissance Congress Front for Socialism and Democracy/Benno Jubel or FSD/BJ Gainde Centrist Bloc or BCG General Alliance for the Interests of the Republic or AGIR Grand Party or GP Gueum sa Bopp (Believe in yourself) Independence and Labor Party or PIT Jotna Coalition Liberate the People (Yewwi Askan Wi) or YAW Madicke 2019 coalition National Union for the People or UNP Only Senegal Movement Party for Truth and Development or PVD Party of Unity and Rally or PUR Patriotic Convergence Kaddu Askan Wi or CP-Kaddu Askan Wi PRP (Republican party for Progress) Rewmi Party Save Senegal (Wallu Senegal Grand Coalition) or WS; coalition includes PDS, Jotna Coalition, Democratic Renaissance Congress Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS Socialist Party or PS Tekki Movement Réewum Ngor (Republic of Values) Servants (Les Serviteurs); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Abdoul Wahab HAIDARA (since 24 July 2025) chancery: 2215 M ST NW, Washington, D.C. 20037 telephone: [1] (202) 234-0540 FAX: [1] (202) 629-2961 email address and website: contact@ambasenegal-us.org http://www.ambasenegal-us.org/index.php consulate(s) general: New York; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Michael RAYNOR (since 10 March 2022); note - also accredited to Guinea-Bissau embassy: Route des Almadies, Dakar mailing address: 2130 Dakar Place, Washington D.C. 20521-2130 telephone: [221] 33-879-4000 email address and website: DakarACS@state.gov https://sn.usembassy.gov/; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
International organization participation: ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, CPLP (associate), ECOWAS, EITI (candidate country), FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Independence: 4 April 1960 (from France); 20 August 1960 (full independence after federation with Mali is dissolved); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
National holiday: Independence Day, 4 April (1960); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Flag: description: three equal vertical bands of green (left side), yellow, and red, with a small five-pointed green star centered on the yellow band; green stands for Islam, progress, and hope, yellow for natural wealth and progress, and red for sacrifice and determination; the star represents unity and hope history: uses the colors of the Pan-African movement note: the colors from left to right are the same as Mali's flag and the reverse of Guinea's flag; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
National symbol(s): lion; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
National color(s): green, yellow, red; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
National anthem(s): title: "Pincez tous vos koras, frappez les balafons" (Pluck Your Koras, Strike the Balafons) lyrics/music: Leopold Sedar SENGHOR/Herbert PEPPER history: adopted 1960; lyrics written by Leopold Sedar SENGHOR, Senegal's first president; the anthem sometimes played incorporating the koras (harp-like stringed instruments) and balafons (types of xylophones) mentioned in the title; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
National heritage: total World Heritage Sites: 7 (5 cultural, 2 natural) selected World Heritage Site locales: Island of Gorée (c); Niokolo-Koba National Park (n); Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary (n); Island of Saint-Louis (c); Stone Circles of Senegambia (c); Saloum Delta (c); Bassari Country: Bassari, Fula, and Bedik Cultural Landscapes (c); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source

Economy29 fields

Economic overview: lower middle-income, services-driven West African economy; key mining, construction, agriculture, and fishing industries; tourism and exports hit hard by COVID-19; large informal economy; developing offshore oil and gas fields; systemic corruption; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Real GDP (purchasing power parity): $83.183 billion (2024 est.) $77.82 billion (2023 est.) $74.642 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Real GDP growth rate: 6.9% (2024 est.) 4.3% (2023 est.) 3.9% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Real GDP per capita: $4,500 (2024 est.) $4,300 (2023 est.) $4,200 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
GDP (official exchange rate): $32.267 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 0.8% (2024 est.) 5.9% (2023 est.) 9.7% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 15.5% (2024 est.) industry: 25.4% (2024 est.) services: 49.1% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: 65.8% (2024 est.) government consumption: 16.4% (2024 est.) investment in fixed capital: 32.1% (2024 est.) investment in inventories: 0.8% (2024 est.) exports of goods and services: 28.1% (2024 est.) imports of goods and services: -43.1% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Agricultural products: rice, groundnuts, watermelons, millet, cassava, sugarcane, maize, sorghum, onions, milk (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Industries: agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining, zircon, and gold mining, construction materials, ship construction and repair; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Industrial production growth rate: 20% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Labor force: 5.763 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Unemployment rate: 3% (2024 est.) 2.8% (2023 est.) 2.9% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24): total: 4.1% (2024 est.) male: 3.2% (2024 est.) female: 6.3% (2024 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income: 36.2 (2021 est.) note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 3% (2021 est.) highest 10%: 28.8% (2021 est.) note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Remittances: 10.6% of GDP (2023 est.) 10.5% of GDP (2022 est.) 11.3% of GDP (2021 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Budget: revenues: $7.749 billion (2023 est.) expenditures: $9.267 billion (2023 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Public debt: 47.8% of GDP (2016 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Taxes and other revenues: 19.5% (of GDP) (2023 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Current account balance: -$6.072 billion (2023 est.) -$5.542 billion (2022 est.) -$3.327 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Exports: $7.001 billion (2023 est.) $7.418 billion (2022 est.) $6.78 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Exports - partners: Mali 21%, India 12%, Switzerland 11%, China 5%, UAE 4% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Exports - commodities: gold, refined petroleum, phosphoric acid, fish, cement (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Imports: $14.916 billion (2023 est.) $14.698 billion (2022 est.) $12.278 billion (2021 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Imports - partners: China 19%, France 9%, Nigeria 7%, India 7%, Russia 5% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Imports - commodities: refined petroleum, crude petroleum, rice, garments, wheat (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Debt - external: $14.985 billion (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 606.345 (2024 est.) 606.57 (2023 est.) 623.76 (2022 est.) 554.531 (2021 est.) 575.586 (2020 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source

Energy7 fields

Electricity access: electrification - total population: 67.9% (2022 est.) electrification - urban areas: 96.6% electrification - rural areas: 43.4%; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Electricity: installed generating capacity: 1.772 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 7.547 billion kWh (2023 est.) imports: 486 million kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 983 million kWh (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Electricity generation sources: fossil fuels: 78.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 7.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) wind: 9.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 3.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 1.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Coal: consumption: 138,000 metric tons (2023 est.) exports: 21 metric tons (2023 est.) imports: 181,000 metric tons (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Petroleum: total petroleum production: 9,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 65,000 bbl/day (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Natural gas: production: 34.646 million cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 34.604 million cubic meters (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Energy consumption per capita: 8.303 million Btu/person (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source

Communications6 fields

Telephones - fixed lines: total subscriptions: 399,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Telephones - mobile cellular: total subscriptions: 22.4 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 120 (2022 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Broadcast media: over 25 private TV stations; state-run Radiodiffusion Télévision Sénégalaise (RTS) broadcasts from five cities; wide range of independent TV available via satellite; hundreds of radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are accessible on FM in Dakar; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Internet country code: .sn; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Internet users: percent of population: 61% (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Broadband - fixed subscriptions: total: 357,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2023 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source

Transportation5 fields

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix: 6V; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Airports: 20 (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Railways: total: 906 km (2017) (713 km operational in 2017) narrow gauge: 906 km (2017) 1.000-m gauge; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Merchant marine: total: 36 (2023) by type: general cargo 5, oil tanker 1, other 30; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Ports: total ports: 6 (2024) large: 0 medium: 1 small: 1 very small: 4 ports with oil terminals: 4 key ports: Dakar, Karabane, Lyndiane, M'bao Oil Terminal, Rufisque, St. Louis; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source

Military and Security7 fields

Military and security forces: Senegalese Armed Forces (les Forces Armées Sénégalaises, FAS): Army (l’Armée de Terre, AT), Senegalese National Navy (Marine Séenéegalaise, MNS), Senegalese Air Force (l'Arméee de l'Air du Séenéegal, AAS), National Gendarmerie Ministry of Interior: National Police (2025) note: the National Police operates in major cities, while the Gendarmerie under the FAS primarily operates outside urban areas; both services have specialized anti-terrorism units, and the Gendarmerie has both Territorial and Mobile components; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Military expenditures: 1.6% of GDP (2024 est.) 1.5% of GDP (2023 est.) 1.6% of GDP (2022 est.) 1.7% of GDP (2021 est.) 1.5% of GDP (2020 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Military and security service personnel strengths: approximately 25,000 active Armed Forces personnel, including the Gendarmerie (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions: the military has a mix of older, secondhand, and some more modern equipment from a variety of suppliers, including China, France, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Türkiye, and the US (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Military service age and obligation: 18-28 (up to 35 for specialized roles); 24-month service commitment (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Military deployments: 190 Central African Republic (MINUSCA; plus about 575 police); approximately 380 police Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Military - note: the Senegalese military is responsible for both territorial defense and internal security; it also assists the civilian government in such areas as preventive healthcare, infrastructure development, environmental protection, and disaster response; key areas of focus for the military include a low-level insurgency in the country's south, maritime security, and securing the border against smuggling and Sahel-based Islamist insurgent groups affiliated with al-Qa'ida and the Islamic State; the military participates in foreign peacekeeping deployments and multinational exercises; its closest security partner is France, which has long maintained a military presence in Senegal Senegalese security forces have been engaged in a low-level counterinsurgency campaign in the southern Casamance region against factions of the separatist Movement of Democratic Forces of the Casamance (MDFC) since 1982; the conflict is one of longest running low-level insurgencies in the World, having claimed more than 5,000 lives while leaving another 60,000 displaced; in recent years, nearly all of the MDFC factions have agreed to cease hostilities (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source

Space3 fields

Space agency/agencies: Senegalese Space Study Agency (Agence Sénégalaise d'Etudes Spatiales or ASES; launched in 2023 under the Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and Innovation) (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Space program overview: small, nascent program focused on earth observation/remote sensing capabilities, largely for climate resilience, environmental management, research, and socio-economic development; conducts research in fields such as astronomy and planetary sciences; has cooperated with space agencies in China, France, Turkey, and the US, as well as the ESA (2025); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source
Key space-program milestones: 2023 - signed cooperation agreement with ESA to leverage space technology for socio-economic growth; established a space control center to provide infrastructure for satellite manufacturing and satellite services 2024 - first Earth observation/remote sensing nanosatellite (GaindeSat-1A) built with French assistance and launched by US; signed agreement with Turkey on space infrastructure advancement; agreed to participate in China's lunar exploration/research station project 2025 - signed US-led Artemis Accords for space and lunar exploration; signed agreement with France for capacity development in space infrastructure and Earth observation initiatives; CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source

Terrorism1 fields

Terrorist group(s): Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source

Transnational Issues1 fields

Refugees and internally displaced persons: refugees: 13,064 (2024 est.) IDPs: 5,922 (2024 est.); CIA World Factbook historical record · as of 2026-01-12 · source

The underlying United States government material is public domain. The Almanac’s reuse terms do not change the legal status of this preserved source layer.

Senegal at a glance

Senegal through time

Admitted to the United Nations

Changes since the final CIA profile

People, economy, and access

Maintained profile