World · permanent entity record · SN
Singapore
Thirty-second orientation
Singapore at a glance
- Nationality / demonym
- noun: Singaporean(s); adjective: Singapore
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
- Government
- parliamentary republic
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
- Languages
- English (official) 48.3%, Mandarin (official) 29.9%, other Chinese dialects (includes Hokkien, Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka) 8.7%, Malay (official) 9.2%, Tamil (official) 2.5%, other 1.4% (2020 est.)
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Independently structured milestones · not a complete national history
Singapore through time
Admitted to the United Nations
Singapore became a member of the United Nations.
United Nations, Member States · source checked 2026-09-04
Source history · changed fields only
Changes since the final CIA profile
| Field | Maintained Almanac value | Final CIA profile |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 6,111,175World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025 | total: 6,080,545 (2025 est.) male: 3,040,862 female: 3,039,683CIA World Factbook · as of 2026-01-18 |
A difference may reflect a newer observation, a revised estimate, or a different source definition. This table reports the values and dates; it does not manufacture a trend.
World Development Indicators · latest available observation
People, economy, and access
Observation years vary by measure. Each row identifies the series and year instead of presenting unlike dates as one current snapshot.
- Gross domestic product
- $603.9 billion
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Gross domestic product per person
- $98,814
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Life expectancy at birth
- 83.3 years
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Urban population
- 100.0%
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Access to electricity
- 100.0%
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS. Underlying providers: World Bank ESMAP, Tracking SDG 7. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- People using the internet
- 94.4%
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS. Underlying providers: International Telecommunication Union. Source footnote: Source and notes: Infocomm Media Development Authority, Retrieved 2026-09-08.
World Development Indicators data are provided under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). The linked indicator metadata identifies the underlying statistical providers.
Maintained profile
- Capital
- Singapore
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · The nation set and displayed federal short name follow the current State Department independent-states register, dated August 11, 2026.
- Area
- 719 sq km
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · Final CIA source data preserved by a community mirror after the Factbook was retired; the mirror is not the issuing authority.
- Population
- 6,111,175
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.POP.TOTL. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Currency
- Singapore dollars (SGD)
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · Currency label extracted from the Factbook exchange-rate field.
- Languages
- English (official) 48.3%, Mandarin (official) 29.9%, other Chinese dialects (includes Hokkien, Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka) 8.7%, Malay (official) 9.2%, Tamil (official) 2.5%, other 1.4% (2020 est.)
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · Factbook language listing reproduced without inferring official status beyond the source wording.
- Nationality / demonym
- noun: Singaporean(s); adjective: Singapore
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · The source’s noun and adjective forms are retained. These are language labels, not evidence of any individual person’s citizenship.
- Continent
- Asia
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Continental label standardized from the archived profile region “East and Southeast Asia.”
- Coastline
- 193 km
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Climate
- tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - northeastern monsoon (December to March) and southwestern monsoon (June to September); inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Religions
- Buddhist 31.1%, Christian 18.9%, Muslim 15.6%, Taoist 8.8%, Hindu 5%, other 0.6%, none 20% (2020 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Flag colors
- red, white
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Colors extracted from the flag description in the preserved final CIA profile.
- National symbol
- lion, merlion (mythical half-lion, half-fish creature), orchid
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Highest point
- Bukit Timah · 545 ft (166 m)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Lowest point
- Singapore Strait · 0 ft (0 m)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- NATO membership
- Not a member
- NATO, What is NATO? · Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.
- BRICS membership
- Not a member
- BRICS Brazil, About the BRICS · Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.
Preserved public-domain record · not maintained current data
Final CIA World Factbook profile
This is the preserved historical baseline from the Factbook’s final public snapshot. It is presented as the CIA stated it, not as a current Standard American Almanac finding. Current, independently maintained facts appear above when available.
CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · profile updated · pinned source record · commit d81154954b8b
Introduction1 fields
- Background
- A Malay trading port known as Temasek existed on the island of Singapore by the 14th century. The settlement changed hands several times in the ensuing centuries and was eventually burned in the 17th century, falling into obscurity. In 1819, the British founded modern Singapore as a trading colony on the same site and granted it full internal self-government for all matters except defense and foreign affairs in 1959. Singapore joined the Malaysian Federation in 1963 but was ousted two years later and became independent. Singapore subsequently became one of the world's most prosperous countries, with strong international trading links and per capita GDP among the highest globally. The People’s Action Party has won every general election in Singapore since the end of the British colonial era, aided by its success in delivering consistent economic growth, as well as the city-state's fragmented opposition and electoral procedures that strongly favor the ruling party.
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Geography17 fields
- Location
- Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Area
- total : 719 sq km land: 709.2 sq km water: 10 sq km
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Area - comparative
- slightly more than 3.5 times the size of Washington, D.C.
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Maritime claims
- territorial sea: 3 nm exclusive fishing zone: within and beyond territorial sea, as defined in treaties and practice
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Climate
- tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - northeastern monsoon (December to March) and southwestern monsoon (June to September); inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Terrain
- lowlying, gently undulating central plateau
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Elevation
- highest point: Bukit Timah 166 m lowest point: Singapore Strait 0 m
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Land use
- agricultural land: 0.9% (2023 est.) arable land: 0.8% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0.1% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.) forest: 22% (2023 est.) other: 77.1% (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Population distribution
- most of the urbanization is along the southern coast, with relatively dense population clusters found in the central areas
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Geography - note
- focal point for Southeast Asian sea routes; consists of about 60 islands, the largest of which by far is Pulau Ujong; land reclamation has removed many former islands and created a number of new ones
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
People and Society35 fields
- Population
- total: 6,080,545 (2025 est.) male: 3,040,862 female: 3,039,683
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Nationality
- noun: Singaporean(s) adjective: Singapore
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Ethnic groups
- Chinese 74.2%, Malay 13.7%, Indian 8.9%, other 3.2% (2021 est.) note: data represent population by self-identification; the population is divided into four categories: Chinese, Malay (includes indigenous Malays and Indonesians), Indian (includes Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, or Sri Lankan), and other ethnic groups (includes Eurasians, Caucasians, Japanese, Filipino, Vietnamese)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Languages
- English (official) 48.3%, Mandarin (official) 29.9%, other Chinese dialects (includes Hokkien, Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka) 8.7%, Malay (official) 9.2%, Tamil (official) 2.5%, other 1.4% (2020 est.) major-language sample(s): The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English) 世界概況 – 不可缺少的基本消息來源 (Mandarin) note: data represent language most frequently spoken at home
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Religions
- Buddhist 31.1%, Christian 18.9%, Muslim 15.6%, Taoist 8.8%, Hindu 5%, other 0.6%, none 20% (2020 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Age structure
- 0-14 years: 14.6% (male 455,536/female 424,969) 15-64 years: 71.1% (male 2,157,441/female 2,126,799) 65 years and over: 14.3% (2024 est.) (male 400,653/female 463,061)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Dependency ratios
- total dependency ratio: 41.6 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 20.5 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 21.2 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 4.7 (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Median age
- total: 39.8 years (2025 est.) male: 38 years female: 40.6 years
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Birth rate
- 8.77 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Death rate
- 4.38 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Net migration rate
- 4.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Population distribution
- most of the urbanization is along the southern coast, with relatively dense population clusters found in the central areas
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Urbanization
- urban population: 100% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Major urban areas - population
- 6.081 million SINGAPORE (capital) (2023)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Sex ratio
- at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Mother's mean age at first birth
- 30.5 years (2015 est.) note: data represents median age
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Maternal mortality ratio
- 6 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Infant mortality rate
- total: 1.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 1.7 deaths/1,000 live births female: 1.4 deaths/1,000 live births
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Life expectancy at birth
- total population: 86.7 years (2024 est.) male: 84 years female: 89.5 years
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Total fertility rate
- 1.18 children born/woman (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Drinking water source
- urban: 100% of population (2022 est.) total: 100% of population (2022 est.) urban: 0% of population (2022 est.) total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Health expenditure
- 5.6% of GDP (2021) 18.1% of national budget (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Physician density
- 2.83 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Hospital bed density
- 2.6 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Sanitation facility access
- urban: 100% of population (2022 est.) total: 100% of population (2022 est.) urban: 0% of population (2022 est.) total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Alcohol consumption per capita
- total: 1.81 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 1.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 0.27 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 0.24 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 0.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Tobacco use
- total: 16.2% (2025 est.) male: 27.6% (2025 est.) female: 3.8% (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Currently married women (ages 15-49)
- 43.8% (2020 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Child marriage
- women married by age 15: 0% (2023) women married by age 18: 0.1% (2023)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Education expenditure
- 2.2% of GDP (2024 est.) 12% national budget (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Literacy
- total population: 97.7% (2021 est.) male: 98.9% (2021 est.) female: 96.4% (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
- total: 17 years (2022 est.) male: 17 years (2022 est.) female: 17 years (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Environment10 fields
- Environmental issues
- water pollution; industrial pollution; limited freshwater resources; waste disposal problems from limited land availability; air pollution; deforestation; seasonal smoke/haze from forest fires in Indonesia
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- International environmental agreements
- party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Climate
- tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - northeastern monsoon (December to March) and southwestern monsoon (June to September); inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Land use
- agricultural land: 0.9% (2023 est.) arable land: 0.8% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0.1% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.) forest: 22% (2023 est.) other: 77.1% (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Urbanization
- urban population: 100% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Carbon dioxide emissions
- 238.962 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 2.338 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 210.859 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 25.765 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Particulate matter emissions
- 10 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Waste and recycling
- municipal solid waste generated annually: 1.87 million tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 51.7% (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Total water withdrawal
- municipal: 198.207 million cubic meters (2022) industrial: 162.624 million cubic meters (2022) agricultural: 0 cubic meters (2022)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Total renewable water resources
- 600 million cubic meters (2022)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Government23 fields
- Country name
- conventional long form: Republic of Singapore conventional short form: Singapore local long form: Republic of Singapore local short form: Singapore etymology: name derives from the Sanskrit words simha (lion) and pur (city); according to Malayan folklore, an Indian prince visited Singapore in the 7th century and mistook the first animal he saw for a lion, which is not native to the country
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Capital
- name: Singapore geographic coordinates: 1 17 N, 103 51 E time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: name derives from the Sanskrit words simha (lion) and pur (city); according to Malayan folklore, an Indian prince visited Singapore in the 7th century and mistook the first animal he saw for a lion, which is not native to the country
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Administrative divisions
- no first-order administrative divisions; five community development councils: Central Singapore Development Council, North East Development Council, North West Development Council, South East Development Council, South West Development Council (2019)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Constitution
- history: several previous; latest adopted 22 December 1965 amendment process: proposed by Parliament; passage requires two-thirds majority vote in the second and third readings by the elected Parliament membership and assent of the president of the republic; passage of amendments affecting sovereignty or control of the Police Force or the Armed Forces requires at least two-thirds majority vote in a referendum
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- International law organization participation
- has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Citizenship
- citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Singapore dual citizenship recognized: no residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Suffrage
- 21 years of age; universal and compulsory
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President THARMAN Shanmugaratnam (since 14 September 2023) head of government: Prime Minister Lawrence WONG (since 15 May 2024) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister; responsible to Parliament election/appointment process: president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 6-year term (no term limits); following legislative elections, the president appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister; deputy prime ministers also appointed by the president most recent election date: 1 September 2023 election results: 2023: THARMAN Shanmugaratnam elected president; percent of vote - THARMAN Shanmugaratnam (independent) 70.4%, NG Kok Song (independent) 15.7%, TAN Kin Lian (independent) 13.9% 2017: HALIMAH Yacob declared president on 13 September 2017, being the only eligible candidate expected date of next election: 2029
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Legislative branch
- legislature name: Parliament legislative structure: unicameral number of seats: 108 (97 directly elected; 9 appointed) electoral system: plurality/majority scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 5 years most recent election date: 5/3/2025 parties elected and seats per party: People's Action Party (PAP) (87); Workers' Party (WPS) (12) percentage of women in chamber: 32.3% expected date of next election: May 2030
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Judicial branch
- highest court(s): Supreme Court (number of judges varies but includes judicial commissioners, judges of appeal, and international judges); the court is organized into an upper-tier Appeal Court and a lower-tier High Court judge selection and term of office: judges appointed by the president from candidates recommended by the prime minister after consultation with the chief justice; judges usually serve until retirement at age 65, but terms can be extended subordinate courts: district, magistrates', juvenile, family, community, and coroners' courts; small claims tribunals; employment claims tribunals
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Political parties
- People's Action Party or PAP Workers' Party or WPS there are 13 additional active political parties in Singapore note: the PAP has won every general election since the end of the British colonial era in 1959
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Diplomatic representation in the US
- chief of mission: Ambassador LUI Tuck Yew (since 30 June 2023) chancery: 3501 International Place NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 537-3100 FAX: [1] (202) 537-0876 email address and website: singemb_was@mfa.sg https://www.mfa.gov.sg/washington/ consulate(s) general: San Francisco consulate(s): New York
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Diplomatic representation from the US
- chief of mission: Ambassador Anjani K. SINHA (since 17 November 2025) embassy: 27 Napier Road, Singapore 258508 mailing address: 4280 Singapore Place, Washington DC 20521-4280 telephone: [65] 6476-9100 FAX: [65] 6476-9340 email address and website: singaporeusembassy@state.gov https://sg.usembassy.gov/
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- International organization participation
- ADB, AOSIS, APEC, Arctic Council (observer), ARF, ASEAN, BIS, C, CP, EAS, FAO, FATF, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNOOSA, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Independence
- 9 August 1965 (from Malaysian Federation)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Flag
- description: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; a vertical white crescent is on the left side of the red band, with a circle of five five-pointed white stars to the right of the crescent meaning: red stands for brotherhood and equality, and white for purity and virtue; the waxing crescent moon symbolizes a young nation on the ascendancy; the stars represent the national ideals of democracy, peace, progress, justice, and equality
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National symbol(s)
- lion, merlion (mythical half-lion, half-fish creature), orchid
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National anthem(s)
- title: "Majulah Singapura" (Onward, Singapore) lyrics/music: Zubir SAID history: adopted 1959; the anthem is sung only in Malay; first four lines of the melody are used as a presidential salute
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National heritage
- total World Heritage Sites: 1 (cultural) selected World Heritage Site locales: Singapore Botanic Gardens
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Economy29 fields
- Economic overview
- high-income, service-based economy; global financial hub; business-friendly policies and open to investment and trade; inflation easing but persistent in services; public investments in education, healthcare, and infrastructure; strong human capital development challenged by aging population
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
- $800.304 billion (2024 est.) $766.662 billion (2023 est.) $752.948 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Real GDP growth rate
- 4.4% (2024 est.) 1.8% (2023 est.) 4.1% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Real GDP per capita
- $132,600 (2024 est.) $129,600 (2023 est.) $133,600 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- GDP (official exchange rate)
- $547.387 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Inflation rate (consumer prices)
- 2.4% (2024 est.) 4.8% (2023 est.) 6.1% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- GDP - composition, by sector of origin
- agriculture: 0% (2024 est.) industry: 21.4% (2024 est.) services: 73% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- GDP - composition, by end use
- household consumption: 31.5% (2024 est.) government consumption: 10.6% (2024 est.) investment in fixed capital: 21.9% (2024 est.) investment in inventories: 0.3% (2024 est.) exports of goods and services: 178.8% (2024 est.) imports of goods and services: -143.6% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Agricultural products
- chicken, eggs, vegetables, pork, duck, spinach, lettuce, pork offal, cabbages, pork fat (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Industries
- electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling equipment, petroleum refining, biomedical products, scientific instruments, telecommunication equipment, processed food and beverages, ship repair, offshore platform construction, entrepot trade
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Industrial production growth rate
- 4.2% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Labor force
- 3.722 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Unemployment rate
- 3.2% (2024 est.) 3.5% (2023 est.) 3.6% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
- total: 7.8% (2024 est.) male: 5.6% (2024 est.) female: 10.8% (2024 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
- 45.8 (2016)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Average household expenditures
- on food: 7% of household expenditures (2023 est.) on alcohol and tobacco: 1.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Remittances
- 0% of GDP (2023 est.) 0% of GDP (2022 est.) 0% of GDP (2021 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Budget
- revenues: $80.836 billion (2022 est.) expenditures: $73.144 billion (2022 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Public debt
- 175.6% of GDP (2023 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Taxes and other revenues
- 13.9% (of GDP) (2023 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Current account balance
- $96.015 billion (2024 est.) $89.403 billion (2023 est.) $93.771 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exports
- $978.597 billion (2024 est.) $917.683 billion (2023 est.) $947.355 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exports - partners
- Hong Kong 13%, China 11%, USA 10%, Malaysia 9%, S. Korea 6% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exports - commodities
- integrated circuits, refined petroleum, machinery, vaccines, gold (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Imports
- $786.02 billion (2024 est.) $728.5 billion (2023 est.) $744.364 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Imports - partners
- China 15%, Malaysia 11%, Taiwan 11%, USA 10%, S. Korea 6% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Imports - commodities
- integrated circuits, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, gold, gas turbines (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
- $383.946 billion (2024 est.) $359.835 billion (2023 est.) $296.629 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exchange rates
- Singapore dollars (SGD) per US dollar - 1.336 (2024 est.) 1.343 (2023 est.) 1.379 (2022 est.) 1.343 (2021 est.) 1.38 (2020 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Energy7 fields
- Electricity access
- electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Electricity
- installed generating capacity: 13.134 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 56.672 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 169.447 million kWh (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Electricity generation sources
- fossil fuels: 94.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 3.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Coal
- consumption: 1.153 million metric tons (2023 est.) exports: 97 metric tons (2023 est.) imports: 1.326 million metric tons (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Petroleum
- refined petroleum consumption: 1.514 million bbl/day (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Natural gas
- consumption: 13.134 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) exports: 399.452 million cubic meters (2023 est.) imports: 13.973 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Energy consumption per capita
- 643.259 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Communications6 fields
- Telephones - fixed lines
- total subscriptions: 1.912 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 33 (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Telephones - mobile cellular
- total subscriptions: 9.96 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 171 (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Broadcast media
- state-controlled broadcast media; 6 domestic TV stations operated by state-owned MediaCorp; broadcasts from Malaysian and Indonesian stations available; satellite dishes banned; multi-channel cable TV services available; 19 domestic radio stations, including 11 for MediaCorp, 5 for state-linked Singapore Press Holdings, 2 for Singapore Armed Forces Reservists Association, and 1 for BBC Radio; Malaysian and Indonesian radio stations available (2019)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Internet users
- percent of population: 94% (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Broadband - fixed subscriptions
- total: 1.57 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 27 (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Transportation5 fields
- Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
- 9V
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Merchant marine
- total: 3,202 (2023) by type: bulk carrier 591, container ship 604, general cargo 107, oil tanker 600, other 1,300
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Ports
- total ports: 5 (2024) large: 2 medium: 1 small: 1 very small: 1 ports with oil terminals: 3 key ports: Jurong Island, Keppel - (East Singapore), Pulau Bukom, Pulau Sebarok
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Military and Security7 fields
- Military and security forces
- Singapore Armed Forces (SAF; aka Singapore Defense Force): Singapore Army, Republic of Singapore Navy, Republic of Singapore Air Force (includes air defense), Digital and Intelligence Service Ministry of Home Affairs: Singapore Police Force (SPF; includes Police Coast Guard and the Gurkha Contingent) (2025) note 1: the Gurkha Contingent of the Singapore Police Force (GCSPF) is a paramilitary unit for riot control and acts as a rapid reaction force note 2: the Navy includes the multi-agency standing Maritime Security Task Force (MSTF), which assists the Police Coast Guard in conducting maritime security operations
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military expenditures
- 3% of GDP (2024 est.) 3% of GDP (2023 est.) 3% of GDP (2022 est.) 3% of GDP (2021 est.) 3% of GDP (2020 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military and security service personnel strengths
- information varies; approximately 55,000 active-duty Armed Forces (40,000 Army; 7,000 Navy; 8,000 Air Force) (2025) note: the Army is comprised mostly of conscripts and reservists with a small core of professional soldiers, while the Air Force and Navy are staffed mainly by professional personnel
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
- the SAF has a diverse and modern mix of domestically produced and imported Western weapons systems from such suppliers as France, Germany, and the US; Singapore has a small but sophisticated defense industry, which produces armaments such as armored vehicles and naval warships (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military service age and obligation
- 18 years of age for voluntary enlistment for men and women (16.5 for early enlistment program with parental consent); 18-21 years of age for compulsory military service for men; 24-month conscript service obligation (2026) note 1: all male Singaporean citizens and permanent residents, unless exempted, are required to enter National Service (NS) upon attaining the age of 18; most NS conscripts serve in the Armed Forces, but some go into the Police Force or Civil Defense Force; conscripts comprise over half of the defense establishment note 2: the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) also has a uniformed volunteer auxiliary branch known as the Volunteer Corps (SAFVC); the SAFVC allows citizens and residents not subject to the National Service obligation, including Singaporean women, first generation permanent residents, and naturalized citizens, to contribute towards Singapore's defense; the volunteers must be 18-45 and physically fit note 3: members of the Gurkha Contingent (GC) of the Singapore Police Force are mostly recruited from a small number of hill tribes in Nepal; the GC was formed in 1949 originally from selected ex-British Army Gurkhas
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military deployments
- maintains permanent training detachments of military personnel in Australia, France, and the US (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military - note
- the SAF’s primary responsibility is external defense, particularly maritime security, but it also trains for certain domestic security operations, including joint deterrence patrols with police in instances of heightened terrorism alerts; the Army includes a “people’s defense force,” which is a divisional headquarters responsible for homeland security and counterterrorism; the SAF regularly participates in bilateral and multilateral training exercises Singapore is a member of the Five Powers Defense Arrangements (FPDA), a series of mutual assistance agreements reached in 1971 embracing Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the UK; the FPDA commits the members to consult with one another in the event or threat of an armed attack on any of the members and to mutually decide what measures should be taken, jointly or separately; Singapore also has close security ties with the US, including granting the US military access, basing, and overflight privileges the SAF's roots go back to 1854 when the Singapore Volunteer Rifle Corps was formed under colonial rule; the first battalion of regular soldiers, the First Singapore Infantry Regiment, was organized in 1957; the modern SAF was established in 1965 (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Transnational Issues1 fields
- Refugees and internally displaced persons
- stateless persons: 1,109 (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
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