World · permanent entity record · LO
Slovakia
Thirty-second orientation
Slovakia at a glance
- Nationality / demonym
- noun: Slovak(s); adjective: Slovak
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
- Government
- parliamentary republic
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
- Languages
- Slovak (official) 81.8%, Hungarian 8.5%, Roma 1.8%, other 2.2%, unspecified 5.7% (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Independently structured milestones · not a complete national history
Slovakia through time
Admitted to the United Nations
Slovakia became a member of the United Nations.
United Nations, Member States · source checked 2026-09-04
Source history · changed fields only
Changes since the final CIA profile
| Field | Maintained Almanac value | Final CIA profile |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 5,413,813World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025 | total: 5,563,649 (2024 est.) male: 2,684,747 female: 2,878,902CIA World Factbook · as of 2026-01-13 |
A difference may reflect a newer observation, a revised estimate, or a different source definition. This table reports the values and dates; it does not manufacture a trend.
World Development Indicators · latest available observation
People, economy, and access
Observation years vary by measure. Each row identifies the series and year instead of presenting unlike dates as one current snapshot.
- Gross domestic product
- $154.5 billion
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Gross domestic product per person
- $28,544
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Life expectancy at birth
- 78.4 years
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Urban population
- 53.2%
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Access to electricity
- 100.0%
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS. Underlying providers: World Bank ESMAP, Tracking SDG 7. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- People using the internet
- 89.8%
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS. Underlying providers: International Telecommunication Union. Source footnote: Source and notes: Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic, Retrieved 2026-09-08.
World Development Indicators data are provided under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). The linked indicator metadata identifies the underlying statistical providers.
Maintained profile
- Capital
- Bratislava
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · The nation set and displayed federal short name follow the current State Department independent-states register, dated August 11, 2026.
- Area
- 49,035 sq km
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · Final CIA source data preserved by a community mirror after the Factbook was retired; the mirror is not the issuing authority.
- Population
- 5,413,813
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.POP.TOTL. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Currency
- euros (EUR)
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · Currency label extracted from the Factbook exchange-rate field.
- Languages
- Slovak (official) 81.8%, Hungarian 8.5%, Roma 1.8%, other 2.2%, unspecified 5.7% (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · Factbook language listing reproduced without inferring official status beyond the source wording.
- Nationality / demonym
- noun: Slovak(s); adjective: Slovak
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · The source’s noun and adjective forms are retained. These are language labels, not evidence of any individual person’s citizenship.
- Continent
- Europe
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Continental label standardized from the archived profile region “Europe.”
- Coastline
- 0 km (landlocked)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Climate
- temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Religions
- Roman Catholic 55.8%, Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession 5.3%, Greek Catholic 4%, Reformed Christian 1.6%, other 3%, none 23.8%, unspecified 6.5% (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Flag colors
- white, blue, red
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Colors extracted from the flag description in the preserved final CIA profile.
- National symbol
- double-barred cross (Cross of St. Cyril and St. Methodius) over three peaks
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Highest point
- Gerlachovsky Stit · 8,711 ft (2,655 m)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Lowest point
- Bodrok River · 308 ft (94 m)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- NATO membership
- Member
- NATO, What is NATO? · Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.
- BRICS membership
- Not a member
- BRICS Brazil, About the BRICS · Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.
Preserved public-domain record · not maintained current data
Final CIA World Factbook profile
This is the preserved historical baseline from the Factbook’s final public snapshot. It is presented as the CIA stated it, not as a current Standard American Almanac finding. Current, independently maintained facts appear above when available.
CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · profile updated · pinned source record · commit d81154954b8b
Introduction1 fields
- Background
- Slovakia traces its roots to the 9th century state of Great Moravia. The Slovaks then became part of the Hungarian Kingdom, where they remained for the next 1,000 years. After the formation of the dual Austro-Hungarian monarchy in 1867, language and education policies favoring the use of Hungarian (known as "Magyarization") led to a public backlash that boosted Slovak nationalism and strengthened Slovak cultural ties with the closely related Czechs, who fell administratively under the Austrian half of the empire. When the Austro-Hungarian Empire dissolved at the end of World War I, the Slovaks joined the Czechs to form Czechoslovakia. During the interwar period, Slovak nationalist leaders pushed for autonomy within Czechoslovakia, and in 1939, in the wake of Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland, the newly established Slovak Republic became a German client state for the remainder of World War II. After World War II, Czechoslovakia was reconstituted and came under communist rule within Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe. In 1968, Warsaw Pact troops invaded and ended the efforts of Czechoslovakia's leaders to liberalize communist rule and create "socialism with a human face," ushering in a period of repression known as "normalization." The peaceful Velvet Revolution swept the Communist Party from power at the end of 1989 and inaugurated a return to democratic rule and a market economy. On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia underwent a nonviolent "velvet divorce" into its two national components, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Slovakia joined both NATO and the EU in 2004 and the euro zone in 2009.
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Geography19 fields
- Area
- total : 49,035 sq km land: 48,105 sq km water: 930 sq km
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Area - comparative
- about 1.5 times the size of Maryland; about twice the size of New Hampshire
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Land boundaries
- total: 1,587 km border countries (5): Austria 105 km; Czechia 241 km; Hungary 627 km; Poland 517 km; Ukraine 97 km
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Climate
- temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Terrain
- rugged mountains in the central and northern part and lowlands in the south
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Elevation
- highest point: Gerlachovsky Stit 2,655 m lowest point: Bodrok River 94 m mean elevation: 458 m
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Natural resources
- lignite, small amounts of iron ore, copper and manganese ore; salt; arable land
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Land use
- agricultural land: 38% (2023 est.) arable land: 27.2% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0.4% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 10.4% (2023 est.) forest: 40.3% (2023 est.) other: 21.4% (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Major rivers (by length in km)
- Dunaj (Danube) (shared with Germany [s], Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania [m]) - 2,888 km note – [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Major watersheds (area sq km)
- Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Population distribution
- a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country; slightly larger concentration in the west in proximity to the Czech border
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Geography - note
- landlocked; most of the country is rugged and mountainous; the Tatra Mountains in the north are interspersed with many scenic lakes and valleys
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
People and Society33 fields
- Population
- total: 5,563,649 (2024 est.) male: 2,684,747 female: 2,878,902
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Ethnic groups
- Slovak 83.8%, Hungarian 7.8%, Romani 1.2%, other 1.8% (includes Czech, Ruthenian, Ukrainian, Russian, German, Polish), unspecified 5.4% (2021 est.) note: data represent population by nationality; Romani populations are usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 7–11% of Slovakia's population
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Languages
- Slovak (official) 81.8%, Hungarian 8.5%, Roma 1.8%, other 2.2%, unspecified 5.7% (2021 est.) major-language sample(s): Svetova Kniha Faktov, nenahraditelny zdroj zakladnej informacie. (Slovak) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Religions
- Roman Catholic 55.8%, Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession 5.3%, Greek Catholic 4%, Reformed Christian 1.6%, other 3%, none 23.8%, unspecified 6.5% (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Age structure
- 0-14 years: 15.3% (male 444,033/female 408,902) 15-64 years: 66.5% (male 1,834,359/female 1,867,158) 65 years and over: 18.1% (2024 est.) (male 406,355/female 602,842)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Dependency ratios
- total dependency ratio: 50.3 (2024 est.) youth dependency ratio: 23 (2024 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 27.3 (2024 est.) potential support ratio: 3.7 (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Median age
- total: 43.1 years (2025 est.) male: 41.3 years female: 44.4 years
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Birth rate
- 9.77 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Death rate
- 11.18 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Net migration rate
- 0.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Population distribution
- a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country; slightly larger concentration in the west in proximity to the Czech border
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Urbanization
- urban population: 54% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.17% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Major urban areas - population
- 441,000 BRATISLAVA (capital) (2023)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Sex ratio
- at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.09 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Mother's mean age at first birth
- 27.2 years (2020 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Maternal mortality ratio
- 4 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Infant mortality rate
- total: 5 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 5.7 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Life expectancy at birth
- total population: 77.2 years (2024 est.) male: 73.7 years female: 81 years
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Total fertility rate
- 1.6 children born/woman (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Drinking water source
- urban: 99.6% of population (2022 est.) rural: 100% of population (2022 est.) total: 99.8% of population (2022 est.) urban: 0.4% of population (2022 est.) rural: 0% of population (2022 est.) total: 0.2% of population (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Health expenditure
- 7.8% of GDP (2021) 14.6% of national budget (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Physician density
- 3.7 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Hospital bed density
- 5.7 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Sanitation facility access
- urban: 99.9% of population (2022 est.) rural: 100% of population (2022 est.) total: 100% of population (2022 est.) urban: 0.1% of population (2022 est.) rural: 0% of population (2022 est.) total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Alcohol consumption per capita
- total: 10.3 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 4.14 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 2.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 4.14 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Tobacco use
- total: 30.3% (2025 est.) male: 34.5% (2025 est.) female: 26.3% (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Currently married women (ages 15-49)
- 49.2% (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Education expenditure
- 4.7% of GDP (2022 est.) 11% national budget (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
- total: 15 years (2023 est.) male: 15 years (2023 est.) female: 16 years (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Environment11 fields
- Environmental issues
- air pollution and acid rain; land erosion from agricultural and mining practices; water pollution
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- International environmental agreements
- party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protection
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Climate
- temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Land use
- agricultural land: 38% (2023 est.) arable land: 27.2% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0.4% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 10.4% (2023 est.) forest: 40.3% (2023 est.) other: 21.4% (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Urbanization
- urban population: 54% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.17% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Carbon dioxide emissions
- 30.087 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 9.607 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 12.112 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 8.368 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Particulate matter emissions
- 16.6 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Waste and recycling
- municipal solid waste generated annually: 2.296 million tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 13.2% (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Total water withdrawal
- municipal: 306.21 million cubic meters (2022) industrial: 224.562 million cubic meters (2022) agricultural: 32.851 million cubic meters (2022)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Total renewable water resources
- 50.1 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Geoparks
- total global geoparks and regional networks: 1 global geoparks and regional networks: Novohrad-Nógrád (includes Hungary) (2023)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Government23 fields
- Country name
- conventional long form: Slovak Republic conventional short form: Slovakia local long form: Slovenska republika local short form: Slovensko etymology: the country takes its name from the local Slav ethnic group; the origin of the group's name is unclear, although early forms were used in Medieval Latin (Sclavus) and Byzantine Greek (Sklabos)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Capital
- name: Bratislava geographic coordinates: 48 09 N, 17 07 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October etymology: the meaning is unclear but has medieval Slavic origins; the name was adopted in 1919 after Czechoslovakia gained its independence, replacing the name Prešporok
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Administrative divisions
- 8 regions (kraje, singular - kraj); Banska Bystrica, Bratislava, Kosice, Nitra, Presov, Trencin, Trnava, Zilina
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Legal system
- civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Constitution
- history: several previous (pre-independence); latest passed by the National Council 1 September 1992, signed 3 September 1992, effective 1 October 1992 amendment process: proposed by the National Council; passage requires at least three-fifths majority vote of Council members
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- International law organization participation
- accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Citizenship
- citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Slovakia dual citizenship recognized: no residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President Peter PELLEGRINI (since 15 June 2024) head of government: Prime Minister Robert FICO (since 25 October 2023) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); following National Council elections, the president designates a prime minister candidate, usually the leader of the party or coalition that wins the most votes, who must win a vote of confidence in the National Council most recent election date: 23 March 2024, with a runoff on 6 April 2024 election results: 2024: Peter PELLEGRINI elected president in the second round; percent of vote in second round Peter PELLEGRINI 53.1%; Ivan KORCOK 46.9%; percent of vote in first round - Ivan KORCOK (independent) 42.5%; Peter PELLEGRINI (Hlas-SD) 37%; Stefan HARABIN (independent) 11.7%, other 8.8%; 2019: Zuzana CAPUTOVA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Zuzana CAPUTOVA (PS) 58.4%, Maros SEFCOVIC (independent) 41.6% expected date of next election: 2029
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Legislative branch
- legislature name: National Council (Narodna rada Slovenskej republiky) legislative structure: unicameral chamber name: National Council (Národná rada) number of seats: 150 (all directly elected) electoral system: proportional representation scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 4 years most recent election date: 9/30/2023 parties elected and seats per party: Smer - Social Democracy (Smer-SD) (42); Progressive Slovakia (PS) (32); Hlas (“Voice”) - SD (27); Coalition OĽaNO and Friends, 'For the People' and 'Christian Union' (16); Christian Democratic Movement (KDH) (12); Freedom and Solidarity (SaS) (11); Slovak National Party (SNS) (10) percentage of women in chamber: 23.3% expected date of next election: September 2027
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Judicial branch
- highest court(s): Supreme Court of the Slovak Republic (consists of the court president, vice president, and approximately 80 judges organized into criminal, civil, commercial, and administrative divisions with 3- and 5-judge panels); Constitutional Court of the Slovak Republic (consists of 13 judges organized into 3-judge panels) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judge candidates nominated by the Judicial Council of the Slovak Republic, an 18-member self-governing body that includes the Supreme Court chief justice and presidential, governmental, parliamentary, and judiciary appointees; judges appointed by the president serve for life, subject to removal by the president at age 65; Constitutional Court judges nominated by the National Council of the Republic and appointed by the president; judges serve 12-year terms subordinate courts: regional and district civil courts; Special Criminal Court; Higher Military Court; military district courts; Court of Audit
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Political parties
- Direction - Social Democracy or SMER-SD Freedom and Solidarity or SaS Progressive Slovakia or PS Republic Slovakia The Slovak National Party or SNS The Christian Democratic Movement or KDH Voice - Social Democracy or HLAS-SD
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Diplomatic representation in the US
- chief of mission: Ambassador Andrej DROBA (since 16 December 2025) chancery: 3523 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 237-1054 FAX: [1] (202) 237-6438 email address and website: emb.washington@mzv.sk https://www.mzv.sk/web/washington-en consulate(s) general: New York
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Diplomatic representation from the US
- chief of mission: Ambassador Gautam A. RANA (since 28 September 2022) embassy: P.O. Box 309, 814 99 Bratislava mailing address: 5840 Bratislava Place, Washington DC 20521-5840 telephone: [421] (2) 5443-3338 FAX: [421] (2) 5441-8861 email address and website: consulbratislava@state.gov https://sk.usembassy.gov/
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- International organization participation
- Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS (observer), CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Independence
- 1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National holiday
- Constitution Day, 1 September (1992)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Flag
- description: three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red; the national coat of arms (a red shield bordered in white, with a white double-barred cross of St. Cyril and St. Methodius on top of three blue hills) is centered over the bands but offset to the left meaning: white, blue, and red are the pan-Slav colors note: the pan-Slav colors were inspired by Russia's flag
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National symbol(s)
- double-barred cross (Cross of St. Cyril and St. Methodius) over three peaks
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National anthem(s)
- title: "Nad Tatrou sa blyska" (Storm Over the Tatras) lyrics/music: Janko MATUSKA/traditional history: adopted 1993; music based on an 1843 Slovak folk song "Kopala studienku" (She Was Digging a Well)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National heritage
- total World Heritage Sites: 8 (6 cultural, 2 natural) selected World Heritage Site locales: Historic Town of Banská Štiavnica (c); Levoča, Spišský Hrad, and the Associated Cultural Monuments (c); Vlkolínec (c); Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst (n); Bardejov Town (c); Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians (n); Wooden Churches of the Slovak Carpathians (c); Frontiers of the Roman Empire - The Danube Limes (Western Segment) (c)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Economy31 fields
- Economic overview
- high-income EU and eurozone economy; manufacturing and exports led by automotive sector; growth supported by private consumption and public investment from EU funds, tempered by trade risks; increased taxes and withdrawal of energy subsidies contributing to rising but manageable inflation; strong labor demand and influx of foreign labor offsets aging workforce
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
- $218.762 billion (2024 est.) $214.343 billion (2023 est.) $209.794 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Real GDP growth rate
- 2.1% (2024 est.) 2.2% (2023 est.) 0.4% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Real GDP per capita
- $40,300 (2024 est.) $39,500 (2023 est.) $38,600 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- GDP (official exchange rate)
- $141.776 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Inflation rate (consumer prices)
- 2.8% (2024 est.) 10.5% (2023 est.) 12.8% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- GDP - composition, by sector of origin
- agriculture: 2% (2024 est.) industry: 28.5% (2024 est.) services: 60% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- GDP - composition, by end use
- household consumption: 58.4% (2023 est.) government consumption: 20% (2023 est.) investment in fixed capital: 21.1% (2023 est.) investment in inventories: -1.3% (2023 est.) exports of goods and services: 91.3% (2023 est.) imports of goods and services: -89.8% (2023 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Agricultural products
- wheat, sugar beets, maize, milk, barley, rapeseed, sunflower seeds, potatoes, soybeans, pork (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Industries
- automobiles; metal and metal products; electricity, gas, coke, oil, nuclear fuel; chemicals, synthetic fibers, wood and paper products; machinery; earthenware and ceramics; textiles; electrical and optical apparatus; rubber products; food and beverages; pharmaceutical
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Industrial production growth rate
- 0.3% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Labor force
- 2.779 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Unemployment rate
- 5.3% (2024 est.) 5.9% (2023 est.) 6.2% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
- total: 18.2% (2024 est.) male: 20.1% (2024 est.) female: 15% (2024 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Population below poverty line
- 13.7% (2021 est.) note: % of population with income below national poverty line
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
- 24.1 (2022 est.) note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Average household expenditures
- on food: 19.4% of household expenditures (2023 est.) on alcohol and tobacco: 4.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Household income or consumption by percentage share
- lowest 10%: 2.8% (2022 est.) highest 10%: 18.2% (2022 est.) note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Remittances
- 1.9% of GDP (2024 est.) 2% of GDP (2023 est.) 2% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Budget
- revenues: $43.882 billion (2022 est.) expenditures: $46.056 billion (2022 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenses converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Public debt
- 64.3% of GDP (2022 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Taxes and other revenues
- 19.4% (of GDP) (2022 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Current account balance
- -$3.895 billion (2024 est.) -$1.169 billion (2023 est.) -$11.126 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exports
- $120.355 billion (2024 est.) $122.04 billion (2023 est.) $114.519 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exports - partners
- Germany 20%, Czechia 10%, Hungary 7%, USA 6%, Poland 6% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exports - commodities
- cars, vehicle parts/accessories, video displays, broadcasting equipment, refined petroleum (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Imports
- $120.29 billion (2024 est.) $119.739 billion (2023 est.) $121.473 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Imports - partners
- Germany 16%, Czechia 14%, Poland 8%, China 7%, Hungary 6% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Imports - commodities
- vehicle parts/accessories, broadcasting equipment, cars, plastic products, insulated wire (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
- $14.452 billion (2024 est.) $11.288 billion (2023 est.) $10.28 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exchange rates
- euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.924 (2024 est.) 0.925 (2023 est.) 0.95 (2022 est.) 0.845 (2021 est.) 0.876 (2020 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Energy8 fields
- Electricity access
- electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Electricity
- installed generating capacity: 8.138 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 24.18 billion kWh (2023 est.) exports: 14.078 billion kWh (2023 est.) imports: 10.671 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 1.233 billion kWh (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Electricity generation sources
- fossil fuels: 14.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) nuclear: 63.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 2.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 13.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 5.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Nuclear energy
- Number of operational nuclear reactors: 5 (2025) Number of nuclear reactors under construction: 1 (2025) Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 2.3GW (2025 est.) Percent of total electricity production: 61.3% (2023 est.) Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 3 (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Coal
- production: 2.315 million metric tons (2023 est.) consumption: 6.066 million metric tons (2023 est.) exports: 13,000 metric tons (2023 est.) imports: 3.658 million metric tons (2023 est.) proven reserves: 19 million metric tons (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Petroleum
- total petroleum production: 7,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 90,000 bbl/day (2024 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 9 million barrels (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Natural gas
- production: 46.585 million cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 4.277 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) imports: 4.56 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 14.158 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Energy consumption per capita
- 127.582 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Communications6 fields
- Telephones - fixed lines
- total subscriptions: 505,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Telephones - mobile cellular
- total subscriptions: 7.63 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 132 (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Broadcast media
- state-owned public broadcaster, Radio and Television of Slovakia (RTVS), has 2 national TV stations; roughly 50 privately owned national, regional, and local TV stations; about 40% of households connected to multi-channel cable or satellite TV; multiple RTVS national and regional radio networks; 32 privately owned radio stations
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Internet users
- percent of population: 90% (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Broadband - fixed subscriptions
- total: 1.83 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 33 (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Transportation4 fields
Military and Security7 fields
- Military and security forces
- Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic (Ozbrojene Sily Slovenskej Republiky): Ground Forces (Slovenské Pozemné Sily), Air Forces (Slovenské Vzdušné Sily), Special Operations Forces (Sily Pre Speciálne Operácie) Ministry of Interior: Slovak Police Force (SPF or Policajný Zbor) (2025) note: the SPF has sole responsibility for internal and border security
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military expenditures
- 2% of GDP (2025 est.) 2% of GDP (2024 est.) 1.8% of GDP (2023 est.) 1.8% of GDP (2022 est.) 1.7% of GDP (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military and security service personnel strengths
- approximately 17,000 active-duty military personnel (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
- the military's inventory is a mix of domestically produced, Soviet-era, and more modern/NATO-compatible armaments from suppliers such as Germany and the US (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military service age and obligation
- minimum age is 18 for voluntary service for men and women; citizens 18-65 can volunteer for the military reserves (2026)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military deployments
- 200 Cyprus (UNFICYP); up to 150 Latvia (NATO) (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military - note
- the Slovak military is responsible for external defense and fulfilling Slovakia’s commitments to European and international security; Slovakia has been a member of both the EU and NATO since 2004; a key focus of the Slovak military is fulfilling the country’s security responsibilities to NATO, including modernizing and acquiring NATO-compatible equipment, participating in training exercises, and providing forces for security missions such as NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence in the Baltic States; since 2022, Slovakia has hosted a multinational NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the NATO effort to boost the defenses of Eastern Europe since the Russian invasion of Ukraine; Slovakia also contributes to EU and UN peacekeeping missions the Slovak Air Force has only a handful of fighter aircraft and is assisted by NATO’s air policing mission over Slovakia, which includes fighter aircraft from Czechia and Poland; in 2022, Slovakia signed a defense agreement with the US that allows the US to use two Slovak military air bases (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Transnational Issues1 fields
- Refugees and internally displaced persons
- refugees: 144,349 (2024 est.) stateless persons: 65 (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
The underlying United States government material is public domain. The Almanac’s reuse terms do not change the legal status of this preserved source layer.