World · permanent entity record · SW
Sweden
Thirty-second orientation
Sweden at a glance
- Nationality / demonym
- noun: Swede(s); adjective: Swedish
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
- Government
- parliamentary constitutional monarchy
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
- Languages
- Swedish (official)
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Independently structured milestones · not a complete national history
Sweden through time
Admitted to the United Nations
Sweden became a member of the United Nations.
United Nations, Member States · source checked 2026-09-04
Source history · changed fields only
Changes since the final CIA profile
| Field | Maintained Almanac value | Final CIA profile |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 10,596,620World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025 | total: 10,643,745 (2025 est.) male: 5,360,755 female: 5,282,990CIA World Factbook · as of 2026-01-18 |
A difference may reflect a newer observation, a revised estimate, or a different source definition. This table reports the values and dates; it does not manufacture a trend.
World Development Indicators · latest available observation
People, economy, and access
Observation years vary by measure. Each row identifies the series and year instead of presenting unlike dates as one current snapshot.
- Gross domestic product
- $669.0 billion
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Gross domestic product per person
- $63,133
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Life expectancy at birth
- 84.1 years
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Urban population
- 89.1%
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Access to electricity
- 100.0%
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS. Underlying providers: World Bank ESMAP, Tracking SDG 7. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- People using the internet
- 95.8%
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS. Underlying providers: International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
World Development Indicators data are provided under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). The linked indicator metadata identifies the underlying statistical providers.
Maintained profile
- Capital
- Stockholm
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · The nation set and displayed federal short name follow the current State Department independent-states register, dated August 11, 2026.
- Area
- 450,295 sq km
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · Final CIA source data preserved by a community mirror after the Factbook was retired; the mirror is not the issuing authority.
- Population
- 10,596,620
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.POP.TOTL. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Currency
- Swedish kronor (SEK)
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · Currency label extracted from the Factbook exchange-rate field.
- Languages
- Swedish (official)
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · Factbook language listing reproduced without inferring official status beyond the source wording.
- Nationality / demonym
- noun: Swede(s); adjective: Swedish
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · The source’s noun and adjective forms are retained. These are language labels, not evidence of any individual person’s citizenship.
- Government
- parliamentary constitutional monarchy
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json ·
- Continent
- Europe
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Continental label standardized from the archived profile region “Europe.”
- Coastline
- 3,218 km
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Climate
- temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Religions
- Church of Sweden (Lutheran) 53.9%, other (includes Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, and Buddhist) 8.9%, none or unspecified 37.2% (2021 est.) note: estimates reflect registered members of faith communities eligible for state funding (not all religions are state-funded and not all people who identify with a particular religion are registered members) and the Church of Sweden
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Flag colors
- blue, yellow
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Colors extracted from the flag description in the preserved final CIA profile.
- National symbol
- three crowns, lion
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Nationally recognized
- Nordic clinker boat traditions — inscribed 2021 (multinational)
- UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity · Inscribed heritage: a recognition this state sought and obtained, dated by its inscription on the Representative List.
- Highest point
- Kebnekaise South · 6,890 ft (2,100 m)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Lowest point
- reclaimed bay of Lake Hammarsjon, near Kristianstad · -8 ft (-2.4 m)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- NATO membership
- Member
- NATO, What is NATO? · Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.
- BRICS membership
- Not a member
- BRICS Brazil, About the BRICS · Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.
Preserved public-domain record · not maintained current data
Final CIA World Factbook profile
This is the preserved historical baseline from the Factbook’s final public snapshot. It is presented as the CIA stated it, not as a current Standard American Almanac finding. Current, independently maintained facts appear above when available.
CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · profile updated · pinned source record · commit d81154954b8b
Introduction1 fields
- Background
- A military power during the 17th century, Sweden maintained a policy of military non-alignment until it applied to join NATO in 2022. Sweden has not participated in any war for two centuries. Stockholm preserved an armed neutrality in both World Wars. Since then, Sweden has pursued a successful economic formula consisting of a capitalist system intermixed with substantial welfare elements. Sweden joined the EU in 1995, but the public rejected the introduction of the euro in a 2003 referendum. The share of Sweden’s population born abroad increased from 11.3% in 2000 to 20% in 2022.
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Geography18 fields
- Location
- Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, Kattegat, and Skagerrak, between Finland and Norway
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Area
- total : 450,295 sq km land: 410,335 sq km water: 39,960 sq km
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Area - comparative
- almost three times the size of Georgia; slightly larger than California
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Land boundaries
- total: 2,211 km border countries (2): Finland 545 km; Norway 1,666 km
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Maritime claims
- territorial sea: 12 nm (adjustments made to return a portion of straits to high seas) exclusive economic zone: agreed boundaries or midlines continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Climate
- temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Terrain
- mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Elevation
- highest point: Kebnekaise South 2,100 m lowest point: reclaimed bay of Lake Hammarsjon, near Kristianstad -2.4 m mean elevation: 320 m
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Natural resources
- iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, tungsten, uranium, arsenic, feldspar, timber, hydropower
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Land use
- agricultural land: 7.3% (2023 est.) arable land: 6.2% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 1.1% (2023 est.) forest: 68.6% (2023 est.) other: 23.8% (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Major lakes (area sq km)
- fresh water lake(s): Vanern - 5,580 sq km; Vattern - 1,910 sq km; Malaren - 1,140 sq km
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Population distribution
- most of the population lives in the south where the climate is milder and there is better connectivity to mainland Europe; population clusters are found along the Baltic coast in the east; the interior areas of the north remain sparsely populated
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Natural hazards
- ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Geography - note
- strategic location along Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas; Sweden has almost 100,000 lakes, the largest of which, Vanern, is the third-largest in Europe
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
People and Society33 fields
- Population
- total: 10,643,745 (2025 est.) male: 5,360,755 female: 5,282,990
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Ethnic groups
- Swedish 79.6%, Syrian 1.9%, Iraqi 1.4%, Finnish 1.3%, other 15.8% (2022 est.) note: data represent the population by country of birth; the indigenous Sami people are estimated to number between 20,000 and 40,000
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Languages
- Swedish (official) major-language sample(s): The World Factbook, den obestridliga källan för grundläggande information. (Swedish) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. note: Finnish, Sami, Romani, Yiddish, and Meankieli are official minority languages
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Religions
- Church of Sweden (Lutheran) 53.9%, other (includes Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, and Buddhist) 8.9%, none or unspecified 37.2% (2021 est.) note: estimates reflect registered members of faith communities eligible for state funding (not all religions are state-funded and not all people who identify with a particular religion are registered members) and the Church of Sweden
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Age structure
- 0-14 years: 17.1% (male 934,668/female 880,310) 15-64 years: 62.1% (male 3,365,754/female 3,208,248) 65 years and over: 20.8% (2024 est.) (male 1,032,279/female 1,168,576)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Dependency ratios
- total dependency ratio: 60.9 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 27.3 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 33.6 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 3 (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Median age
- total: 41.2 years (2025 est.) male: 40.1 years female: 42.1 years
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Birth rate
- 10.56 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Death rate
- 9.63 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Net migration rate
- 4.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Population distribution
- most of the population lives in the south where the climate is milder and there is better connectivity to mainland Europe; population clusters are found along the Baltic coast in the east; the interior areas of the north remain sparsely populated
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Urbanization
- urban population: 88.7% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.89% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Major urban areas - population
- 1.700 million STOCKHOLM (capital) (2023)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Sex ratio
- at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Mother's mean age at first birth
- 29.7 years (2020 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Maternal mortality ratio
- 4 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Infant mortality rate
- total: 2.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 2.5 deaths/1,000 live births female: 2 deaths/1,000 live births
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Life expectancy at birth
- total population: 82.9 years (2024 est.) male: 81.2 years female: 84.7 years
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Total fertility rate
- 1.66 children born/woman (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Drinking water source
- urban: 99.8% of population (2022 est.) rural: 99.6% of population (2022 est.) total: 99.7% of population (2022 est.) urban: 0.2% of population (2022 est.) rural: 0.4% of population (2022 est.) total: 0.3% of population (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Health expenditure
- 10.7% of GDP (2022) 19% of national budget (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Physician density
- 4.41 physicians/1,000 population (2021)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Hospital bed density
- 2 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Sanitation facility access
- urban: 99.6% of population (2022 est.) rural: 99.5% of population (2022 est.) total: 99.6% of population (2022 est.) urban: 0.4% of population (2022 est.) rural: 0.5% of population (2022 est.) total: 0.4% of population (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Alcohol consumption per capita
- total: 7.1 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 2.6 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 3.4 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 1 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 0.1 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Tobacco use
- total: 19.9% (2025 est.) male: 25.8% (2025 est.) female: 13.9% (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Currently married women (ages 15-49)
- 53.6% (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Education expenditure
- 7.3% of GDP (2022 est.) 15.3% national budget (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
- total: 19 years (2023 est.) male: 17 years (2023 est.) female: 20 years (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Environment12 fields
- Environmental issues
- marine pollution (Baltic Sea and North Sea); acid rain damage to soil and lakes; air pollution; poor timber-harvesting practices
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- International environmental agreements
- party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Climate
- temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Land use
- agricultural land: 7.3% (2023 est.) arable land: 6.2% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 1.1% (2023 est.) forest: 68.6% (2023 est.) other: 23.8% (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Urbanization
- urban population: 88.7% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.89% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Carbon dioxide emissions
- 43.96 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 5.324 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 36.768 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 1.868 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Particulate matter emissions
- 6 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Methane emissions
- energy: 39.6 kt (2022-2024 est.) agriculture: 127.8 kt (2019-2021 est.) waste: 112.7 kt (2019-2021 est.) other: 9.8 kt (2019-2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Waste and recycling
- municipal solid waste generated annually: 4.618 million tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 39.7% (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Total water withdrawal
- municipal: 699 million cubic meters (2022 est.) industrial: 1.267 billion cubic meters (2022 est.) agricultural: 102 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Total renewable water resources
- 174 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Geoparks
- total global geoparks and regional networks: 1 global geoparks and regional networks: Platåbergens (2023)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Government23 fields
- Country name
- conventional long form: Kingdom of Sweden conventional short form: Sweden local long form: Konungariket Sverige local short form: Sverige etymology: name derives from the North Germanic Svea tribe that inhabited central Sweden; the tribe's name probably comes from the Old German word sweba, meaning "independent;" the local form of the country's name, Sverige, means "kingdom of the Svea"
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Government type
- parliamentary constitutional monarchy
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Capital
- name: Stockholm geographic coordinates: 59 20 N, 18 03 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October etymology: the name of the city probably comes from the Swedish words stak (bay) or stock (stake or pole) and holm (island); it was built in the mid-13th century on the site of a fishing village, so the name may refer to building over earlier foundations
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Administrative divisions
- 21 counties (lan, singular and plural); Blekinge, Dalarna, Gavleborg, Gotland, Halland, Jamtland, Jonkoping, Kalmar, Kronoberg, Norrbotten, Orebro, Ostergotland, Skane, Sodermanland, Stockholm, Uppsala, Varmland, Vasterbotten, Vasternorrland, Vastmanland, Vastra Gotaland
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Legal system
- civil law system influenced by Roman-Germanic law and customary law
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Constitution
- history: Sweden has four fundamental laws which together make up the Constitution: The Instrument of Government (several previous; latest 1974); The Act of Succession (enacted 1810; changed in 1937 and 1980); The Freedom of the Press Act (many previous; latest in 1949); The Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression (adopted 1991) amendment process: proposed by Parliament; passage requires simple majority vote in two consecutive parliamentary terms with an intervening general election; passage also requires approval by simple majority vote in a referendum if Parliament approves a motion for a referendum by one third of its members; the results of such a referendum are only binding if a majority vote against the proposal
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- International law organization participation
- accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Citizenship
- citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Sweden; in the case of a child born out of wedlock, the mother must be a citizen of Sweden and the father unknown dual citizenship recognized: no, unless the other citizenship was acquired involuntarily residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Executive branch
- chief of state: King CARL XVI GUSTAF (since 15 September 1973) head of government: Prime Minister Ulf KRISTERSSON (since 18 October 2022) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister election/appointment process: the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually becomes the prime minister
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Legislative branch
- legislature name: Parliament (Riksdagen) legislative structure: unicameral number of seats: 349 (all directly elected) electoral system: proportional representation scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 4 years most recent election date: 9/11/2022 parties elected and seats per party: Social Democratic Party (SAP) (107); Sweden Democrats (SD) (73); Moderate Party (M) (68); Left Party (VP) (24); Centre Party (CP) (24); Christian Democrats (KD) (19); Green Party (Mpg) (18); Other (16) percentage of women in chamber: 45% expected date of next election: September 2026
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Judicial branch
- highest court(s): Supreme Court of Sweden (consists of 16 justices, including the court chairman); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 18 justices, including the court president) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Supreme Administrative Court justices nominated by the Judges Proposal Board, a 9-member nominating body consisting of high-level judges, prosecutors, and members of Parliament; justices appointed by the government; after a probationary period, justices' appointments are permanent subordinate courts: first instance, appellate, general, and administrative courts; specialized courts that handle cases such as land and environment, immigration, labor, markets, and patents
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Political parties
- Center Party (Centerpartiet) or C Christian Democrats (Kristdemokraterna) or KD Green Party (Miljopartiet de Grona) or MP Left Party (Vansterpartiet) or V Moderate Party (Moderaterna) or M Sweden Democrats (Sverigedemokraterna) or SD Swedish Social Democratic Party (Socialdemokraterna) or S/SAP The Liberals (Liberalerna) or L
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Diplomatic representation in the US
- chief of mission: Ambassador Urban AHLIN (since 15 September 2023) chancery: 2900 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 467-2600 FAX: [1] (202) 467-2699 email address and website: ambassaden.washington@gov.se https://www.swedenabroad.se/en/embassies/usa-washington/ consulate(s) general: New York, San Francisco
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Diplomatic representation from the US
- chief of mission: Ambassador Christine TORETTI (since 21 October 2025) embassy: Dag Hammarskjolds Vag 31, SE-115 89 Stockholm mailing address: 5750 Stockholm Place, Washington, DC 20521-5750 telephone: [46] (08) 783-53-00 FAX: [46] (08) 661-19-64 email address and website: STKACSinfo@state.gov https://se.usembassy.gov/
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- International organization participation
- ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNMOGIP, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UN Security Council (temporary), UNSOM, UNTSO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Independence
- 6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king of Sweden, marking the abolishment of the Kalmar Union of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National holiday
- National Day, 6 June (1983) note: celebrated as Swedish Flag Day from 1916 to 1982
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Flag
- description: blue with a golden yellow cross extending to the edges of the flag; the cross is shifted to the left side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) meaning: the colors come from the Swedish coat of arms
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National anthem(s)
- title: "Du Gamla, Du Fria" (Thou Ancient, Thou Free) lyrics/music: Richard DYBECK/traditional history: in use since 1893; also known as "Sang till Norden" (Song of the North); based on a Swedish folk tune; has never been officially adopted _____ title: "Kungssangen" (Royal Song) lyrics/music: Carl Wilhelm August Strandberg/Otto Lindblad history: adopted 1844 as the royal anthem, but also used as the national anthem until 1893; only the first verse is sung if the monarch is present
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National heritage
- total World Heritage Sites: 15 (13 cultural, 1 natural, 1 mixed) selected World Heritage Site locales: Royal Domain of Drottningholm (c); Laponian Area (m); High Coast/Kvarken Archipelago (n); Birka and Hovgården (c); Hanseatic Town of Visby (c); Church Town of Gammelstad, Luleå (c); Naval Port of Karlskrona (c); Rock Carvings in Tanum (c); Engelsberg Ironworks (c); Mining Area of the Great Copper Mountain in Falun (c)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Economy31 fields
- Economic overview
- high-income, largest Nordic economy; EU member but does not use the euro; export-oriented, led by automotive, electronics, machinery, and pharmaceuticals; highly ranked for competitiveness, R&D investments and governance; recovery, with falling inflation and real wage growth balanced by risks from trade uncertainty
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
- $668.628 billion (2024 est.) $662.18 billion (2023 est.) $662.937 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Real GDP growth rate
- 1% (2024 est.) -0.1% (2023 est.) 1.5% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Real GDP per capita
- $63,300 (2024 est.) $62,800 (2023 est.) $63,200 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- GDP (official exchange rate)
- $610.118 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Inflation rate (consumer prices)
- 2.8% (2024 est.) 8.5% (2023 est.) 8.4% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- GDP - composition, by sector of origin
- agriculture: 1.1% (2024 est.) industry: 22.6% (2024 est.) services: 65.9% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- GDP - composition, by end use
- household consumption: 43.7% (2023 est.) government consumption: 26% (2023 est.) investment in fixed capital: 25% (2023 est.) investment in inventories: -0.1% (2023 est.) exports of goods and services: 55.4% (2023 est.) imports of goods and services: -51.4% (2023 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Agricultural products
- milk, wheat, sugar beets, barley, potatoes, oats, rapeseed, pork, chicken, beef (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Industries
- iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Industrial production growth rate
- 0.3% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Labor force
- 5.699 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Unemployment rate
- 8.6% (2024 est.) 7.7% (2023 est.) 7.4% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
- total: 23.8% (2024 est.) male: 24.3% (2024 est.) female: 23.2% (2024 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Population below poverty line
- 16.1% (2022 est.) note: % of population with income below national poverty line
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
- 31.6 (2022 est.) note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Average household expenditures
- on food: 13% of household expenditures (2023 est.) on alcohol and tobacco: 3.1% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Household income or consumption by percentage share
- lowest 10%: 2.5% (2022 est.) highest 10%: 24.7% (2022 est.) note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Remittances
- 0.8% of GDP (2024 est.) 0.7% of GDP (2023 est.) 0.6% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Budget
- revenues: $195.468 billion (2022 est.) expenditures: $191.095 billion (2022 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Public debt
- 36.9% of GDP (2022 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Taxes and other revenues
- 27.6% (of GDP) (2022 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Current account balance
- $45.274 billion (2024 est.) $40.819 billion (2023 est.) $27.404 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exports
- $338.852 billion (2024 est.) $329.332 billion (2023 est.) $318.203 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exports - partners
- Germany 10%, USA 10%, Denmark 8%, Norway 6%, Netherlands 5% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exports - commodities
- cars, refined petroleum, packaged medicine, paper, vehicle parts/accessories (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Imports
- $309.526 billion (2024 est.) $304.194 billion (2023 est.) $304.101 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Imports - partners
- Germany 17%, Netherlands 10%, Norway 9%, Denmark 6%, China 6% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Imports - commodities
- cars, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories, garments (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
- $62.569 billion (2024 est.) $60.863 billion (2023 est.) $64.289 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exchange rates
- Swedish kronor (SEK) per US dollar - 10.568 (2024 est.) 10.61 (2023 est.) 10.114 (2022 est.) 8.577 (2021 est.) 9.21 (2020 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Energy8 fields
- Electricity access
- electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Electricity
- installed generating capacity: 55.307 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 125.273 billion kWh (2023 est.) exports: 36.151 billion kWh (2023 est.) imports: 7.335 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 9.109 billion kWh (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Electricity generation sources
- fossil fuels: 0.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) nuclear: 28.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 1.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) wind: 21% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 40.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) biomass and waste: 7.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Nuclear energy
- Number of operational nuclear reactors: 6 (2025) Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 7.01GW (2025 est.) Percent of total electricity production: 28.6% (2023 est.) Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 7 (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Coal
- production: 1.042 million metric tons (2023 est.) consumption: 3.17 million metric tons (2023 est.) exports: 23,000 metric tons (2023 est.) imports: 2.078 million metric tons (2023 est.) proven reserves: 5 million metric tons (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Petroleum
- total petroleum production: 11,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 270,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Natural gas
- consumption: 896.109 million cubic meters (2023 est.) exports: 10.625 million cubic meters (2023 est.) imports: 897.487 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Energy consumption per capita
- 142.102 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Communications6 fields
- Telephones - fixed lines
- total subscriptions: 898,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Telephones - mobile cellular
- total subscriptions: 14.9 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 141 (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Broadcast media
- publicly owned TV broadcaster has 2 terrestrial networks plus regional stations; multiple privately owned TV broadcasters operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 50 local TV stations; widespread access to pan-Nordic and international broadcasters through multi-channel cable and satellite TV; publicly owned radio broadcaster has 3 national stations and a network of 25 regional channels; roughly 100 privately owned local radio stations, with some consolidating into near-national networks; an estimated 900 community and neighborhood radio stations broadcast intermittently
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Internet users
- percent of population: 96% (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Broadband - fixed subscriptions
- total: 4.3 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 41 (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Transportation6 fields
- Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
- SE
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Railways
- total: 10,910 km (2020) 8,184 km electrified narrow gauge: 65 km
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Merchant marine
- total: 361 (2023) by type: general cargo 44, oil tanker 18, other 299
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Ports
- total ports: 92 (2024) large: 3 medium: 10 small: 30 very small: 49 ports with oil terminals: 49 key ports: Falkenberg, Goteborg, Helsingborg, Karlsborg, Karlshamn, Lulea, Malmo, Norrkoping, Stockholm, Sundsvall, Uddevalla, Varberg, Vasteras
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Military and Security7 fields
- Military and security forces
- Swedish Armed Forces (Försvarsmakten): Army, Navy, Air Force, Home Guard (202)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military expenditures
- 2.5% of GDP (2025 est.) 2.3% of GDP (2024 est.) 1.7% of GDP (2023 est.) 1.5% of GDP (2022 est.) 1.4% of GDP (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military and security service personnel strengths
- approximately 25,000 active military personnel; approximately 21,000 Home Guard (2025) note 1: SAF personnel are divided into continuously serving (full-time) and temporary service troops (part-timers who serve periodically and have another main employer or attend school); additional personnel have signed service agreements with the SAF and mostly serve in the Home Guard note 2: in 2021, Sweden announced plans that increase the total size of the armed forces to about 100,000 personnel by 2030
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
- the SAF's inventory is comprised of mostly domestically produced armaments alongside smaller amounts of imported Western systems; Sweden's defense industry produces a range of air, land, and naval systems, including armored vehicles, combat aircraft, and submarines; it also produces weapons systems jointly with other countries (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military service age and obligation
- 18 years of age for voluntary and selective conscripted service for men and women; conscript service obligation typically 9-15 months depending on the branch of service and position, with a reserve commitment up to age 45 (2026)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military deployments
- approximately 600 Latvia (NATO) (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military - note
- the Swedish military is responsible for deterrence and the defense of the country and its territories against armed attack, supporting Sweden’s national security interests, providing societal support, such as humanitarian aid, and contributing to international peacekeeping and peacemaking operations; the military has a relatively small active duty force that is designed to be rapidly mobilized in a crisis with a trained reserve and a Home Guard Sweden maintained a policy of military non-alignment for over 200 years before applying for NATO membership in May 2022 following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine; it became a NATO member in March 2024; prior to membership, Stockholm joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1994 and contributed to NATO-led missions, including those in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Kosovo; the military cooperates closely with the forces of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO; established 2009), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; Sweden is a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) and contributes to CSDP missions and operations, including EU battlegroups; it also participates in UN-led missions; Sweden has close bilateral security relations with some individual NATO member states, particularly Finland, Germany, Norway, the UK, and the US (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Space4 fields
- Space agency/agencies
- Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA; established 1972; known until 2018 as the Swedish National Space Board) (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Space launch site(s)
- Esrange Space Center (Kiruna) (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Space program overview
- aims to have one of Europe's leading space programs; produces and operates satellites; builds and launches sounding rockets; involved in the research, development, production, and operations of a variety of other space-related areas, including astronomy, atmospheric monitoring, geographic information systems, infrared imaging, meteorology, propulsion systems, remote sensing, satellite subsystems, spacecraft systems and structures, research, and telecommunications; member of the ESA and program is integrated into its framework; works extensively with foreign space agencies, in particular through the ESA and EU and their member states, as well as with the US; participates in programs such as Europe's Copernicus Earth observation and the Galileo global navigation satellite system, France's Pleiades project, and the Square Kilometer Array Project; has a large commercial space industry, including state-owned enterprises (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Key space-program milestones
- 1950s - space program initiated with the establishment of a space observatory and the Swedish Space Research Committee 1961 - launched first sounding rocket 1986 - first scientific satellite (Viking) launched on European rocket 1989 - first communications satellite (Tele-X) launched on European rocket 2006 - first astronaut into space on US Space Shuttle 2019 - established a space data lab for artificial intelligence-based analysis of imagery data 2024 - signed US-led Artemis Accords for space and lunar exploration; launched first military communications satellite (GNA-3); adopted its first defense and security space strategy
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Terrorism1 fields
- Terrorist group(s)
- Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS) note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Transnational Issues1 fields
- Refugees and internally displaced persons
- refugees: 168,519 (2024 est.) stateless persons: 6,835 (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
The underlying United States government material is public domain. The Almanac’s reuse terms do not change the legal status of this preserved source layer.