World · permanent entity record · TD
Trinidad and Tobago
Thirty-second orientation
Trinidad and Tobago at a glance
- Nationality / demonym
- noun: Trinidadian(s), Tobagonian(s); adjective: Trinidadian, Tobagonian
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
- Government
- parliamentary republic
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
- Languages
- English (official), Trinidadian Creole English, Tobagonian Creole English, Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Trinidadian Creole French, Spanish, Chinese
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Independently structured milestones · not a complete national history
Trinidad and Tobago through time
Admitted to the United Nations
Trinidad and Tobago became a member of the United Nations.
United Nations, Member States · source checked 2026-09-04
Source history · changed fields only
Changes since the final CIA profile
| Field | Maintained Almanac value | Final CIA profile |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 1,367,764World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025 | total: 1,410,170 (2025 est.) male: 708,677 female: 701,493CIA World Factbook · as of 2026-01-18 |
A difference may reflect a newer observation, a revised estimate, or a different source definition. This table reports the values and dates; it does not manufacture a trend.
World Development Indicators · latest available observation
People, economy, and access
Observation years vary by measure. Each row identifies the series and year instead of presenting unlike dates as one current snapshot.
- Gross domestic product
- $25.9 billion
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Gross domestic product per person
- $18,967
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Life expectancy at birth
- 73.6 years
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Urban population
- 54.0%
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Access to electricity
- 100.0%
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS. Underlying providers: World Bank ESMAP, Tracking SDG 7. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- People using the internet
- 82.2%
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS. Underlying providers: International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
World Development Indicators data are provided under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). The linked indicator metadata identifies the underlying statistical providers.
Maintained profile
- Capital
- Port of Spain
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · The nation set and displayed federal short name follow the current State Department independent-states register, dated August 11, 2026.
- Area
- 5,128 sq km
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · Final CIA source data preserved by a community mirror after the Factbook was retired; the mirror is not the issuing authority.
- Population
- 1,367,764
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.POP.TOTL. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Currency
- Trinidad and Tobago dollars (TTD)
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · Currency label extracted from the Factbook exchange-rate field.
- Languages
- English (official), Trinidadian Creole English, Tobagonian Creole English, Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Trinidadian Creole French, Spanish, Chinese
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · Factbook language listing reproduced without inferring official status beyond the source wording.
- Nationality / demonym
- noun: Trinidadian(s), Tobagonian(s); adjective: Trinidadian, Tobagonian
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · The source’s noun and adjective forms are retained. These are language labels, not evidence of any individual person’s citizenship.
- Continent
- North America
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Continental label standardized from the archived profile region “Central America and the Caribbean.”
- Coastline
- 362 km
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Climate
- tropical; rainy season (June to December)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Religions
- Protestant 32.1% (Pentecostal/Evangelical/Full Gospel 12%, Baptist 6.9%, Anglican 5.7%, Seventh Day Adventist 4.1%, Presbyterian/Congregational 2.5%, other Protestant 0.9%), Roman Catholic 21.6%, Hindu 18.2%, Muslim 5%, Jehovah's Witness 1.5%, other 8.4%, none 2.2%, unspecified 11.1% (2011 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Flag colors
- red, white, black
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Colors extracted from the flag description in the preserved final CIA profile.
- National symbol
- scarlet ibis (bird of Trinidad), cocrico (bird of Tobago), chaconia flower
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Highest point
- El Cerro del Aripo · 3,084 ft (940 m)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Lowest point
- Caribbean Sea · 0 ft (0 m)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- NATO membership
- Not a member
- NATO, What is NATO? · Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.
- BRICS membership
- Not a member
- BRICS Brazil, About the BRICS · Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.
Preserved public-domain record · not maintained current data
Final CIA World Factbook profile
This is the preserved historical baseline from the Factbook’s final public snapshot. It is presented as the CIA stated it, not as a current Standard American Almanac finding. Current, independently maintained facts appear above when available.
CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · profile updated · pinned source record · commit d81154954b8b
Introduction1 fields
- Background
- First colonized by the Spanish, Trinidad and Tobago came under British control in the early 19th century. The emancipation of enslaved people in 1834 disrupted the twin islands' sugar industry. Contract workers arriving from India between 1845 and 1917 augmented the labor force, which boosted sugar production as well as the cocoa industry. The discovery of oil on Trinidad in 1910 added another important export that remains the country's dominant industry. Trinidad and Tobago attained independence in 1962. The country is one of the most prosperous in the Caribbean, thanks largely to petroleum and natural gas production and processing. The government is struggling to reverse a surge in violent crime.
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Geography17 fields
- Location
- Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Map references
- Central America and the Caribbean
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Area
- total : 5,128 sq km land: 5,128 sq km water: 0 sq km
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Area - comparative
- slightly smaller than Delaware
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Maritime claims
- territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the outer edge of the continental margin note: measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Climate
- tropical; rainy season (June to December)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Terrain
- mostly plains with some hills and low mountains
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Elevation
- highest point: El Cerro del Aripo 940 m lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m mean elevation: 83 m
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Natural resources
- petroleum, natural gas, asphalt
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Land use
- agricultural land: 10.5% (2023 est.) arable land: 4.9% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 4.3% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 1.4% (2023 est.) forest: 44.2% (2023 est.) other: 45.2% (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Population distribution
- population on Trinidad is concentrated in the western half of the island, on Tobago in the southern half
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Natural hazards
- outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Geography - note
- Pitch Lake, on Trinidad's southwestern coast, is the world's largest natural reservoir of asphalt
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
People and Society32 fields
- Population
- total: 1,410,170 (2025 est.) male: 708,677 female: 701,493
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Nationality
- noun: Trinidadian(s), Tobagonian(s) adjective: Trinidadian, Tobagonian note: Trinbagonian is used on occasion to describe a citizen of the country without specifying the island of origin
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Ethnic groups
- East Indian 35.4%, African descent 34.2%, mixed - other 15.3%, mixed - African/East Indian 7.7%, other 1.3%, unspecified 6.2% (2011 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Languages
- English (official), Trinidadian Creole English, Tobagonian Creole English, Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Trinidadian Creole French, Spanish, Chinese
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Religions
- Protestant 32.1% (Pentecostal/Evangelical/Full Gospel 12%, Baptist 6.9%, Anglican 5.7%, Seventh Day Adventist 4.1%, Presbyterian/Congregational 2.5%, other Protestant 0.9%), Roman Catholic 21.6%, Hindu 18.2%, Muslim 5%, Jehovah's Witness 1.5%, other 8.4%, none 2.2%, unspecified 11.1% (2011 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Age structure
- 0-14 years: 18.7% (male 134,508/female 129,180) 15-64 years: 67.2% (male 481,606/female 465,150) 65 years and over: 14.1% (2024 est.) (male 92,146/female 106,376)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Dependency ratios
- total dependency ratio: 49.3 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 27.5 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 21.9 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 4.6 (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Median age
- total: 39.1 years (2025 est.) male: 38 years female: 39 years
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Birth rate
- 10.33 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Death rate
- 8.69 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Net migration rate
- -0.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Population distribution
- population on Trinidad is concentrated in the western half of the island, on Tobago in the southern half
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Urbanization
- urban population: 53.4% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Major urban areas - population
- 545,000 PORT-OF-SPAIN (capital) (2023)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Sex ratio
- at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Maternal mortality ratio
- 54 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Infant mortality rate
- total: 14.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 17.1 deaths/1,000 live births female: 13 deaths/1,000 live births
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Life expectancy at birth
- total population: 76.5 years (2024 est.) male: 74.6 years female: 78.4 years
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Total fertility rate
- 1.63 children born/woman (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Drinking water source
- total: 98.9% of population (2022 est.) total: 1.1% of population (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Health expenditure
- 7% of GDP (2021) 10.9% of national budget (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Physician density
- 4.16 physicians/1,000 population (2021)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Hospital bed density
- 1.6 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Sanitation facility access
- total: 99.9% of population (2022 est.) total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Alcohol consumption per capita
- total: 5.81 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 2.92 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 0.16 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 2.65 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 0.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Currently married women (ages 15-49)
- 42.7% (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Child marriage
- women married by age 15: 0.7% (2022) women married by age 18: 4.2% (2022)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Education expenditure
- 3% of GDP (2023 est.) 12.6% national budget (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Environment11 fields
- Environmental issues
- water pollution from agricultural chemicals, industrial wastes, and raw sewage; widespread pollution of waterways and coastal areas; illegal dumping; deforestation; soil erosion; fisheries and wildlife depletion
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- International environmental agreements
- party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Climate
- tropical; rainy season (June to December)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Land use
- agricultural land: 10.5% (2023 est.) arable land: 4.9% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 4.3% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 1.4% (2023 est.) forest: 44.2% (2023 est.) other: 45.2% (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Urbanization
- urban population: 53.4% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Carbon dioxide emissions
- 33.629 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 6,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 3.634 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 29.989 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Particulate matter emissions
- 10.4 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Methane emissions
- energy: 160.3 kt (2022-2024 est.) agriculture: 4.1 kt (2019-2021 est.) waste: 59.1 kt (2019-2021 est.) other: 6 kt (2019-2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Waste and recycling
- municipal solid waste generated annually: 727,900 tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 16.2% (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Total water withdrawal
- municipal: 237.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.) industrial: 128.9 million cubic meters (2022 est.) agricultural: 16.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Total renewable water resources
- 3.84 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Government25 fields
- Country name
- conventional long form: Republic of Trinidad and Tobago conventional short form: Trinidad and Tobago etymology: explorer Christopher COLUMBUS named the larger island "La Isla de la Trinidad" (The Island of the Trinity) in 1498, possibly because of the three mountain peaks on the island; COLUMBUS may have gotten the name Tobago, spelled "tobaco" in Spanish, from the tobacco grown and smoked locally, or from its elongated cigar shape
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Capital
- name: Port of Spain geographic coordinates: 10 39 N, 61 31 W time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: translation of the name the Spanish gave the town in 1595, Puerto de España; the name was anglicized after the British captured Trinidad in 1797
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Administrative divisions
- 9 regions, 3 boroughs, 2 cities, 1 ward regions: Couva/Tabaquite/Talparo, Diego Martin, Mayaro/Rio Claro, Penal/Debe, Princes Town, Sangre Grande, San Juan/Laventille, Siparia, Tunapuna/Piarco borough: Arima, Chaguanas, Point Fortin cities: Port of Spain, San Fernando ward: Tobago
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Legal system
- English common law; Supreme Court reviews legislative acts
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Constitution
- history: previous 1962; latest 1976 amendment process: proposed by Parliament; passage of amendments affecting constitutional provisions, such as human rights and freedoms or citizenship, requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both houses and assent of the president; passage of amendments, such as the powers and authorities of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government, and the procedure for amending the constitution, requires at least three-quarters majority vote by the House membership, two-thirds majority vote by the Senate membership, and assent of the president
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- International law organization participation
- has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Citizenship
- citizenship by birth: yes citizenship by descent only: yes dual citizenship recognized: yes residency requirement for naturalization: 8 years
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President Christine KANGALOO (since 20 March 2023) head of government: Prime Minister Kamla Susheila PERSAD-BISSESSAR (since 1 May 2025) cabinet: Cabinet appointed from among members of Parliament election/appointment process: president indirectly elected by an electoral college of selected Senate and House of Representatives members for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); the president usually appoints the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives as prime minister most recent election date: 20 January 2023 election results: 2023: Christine KANGALOO elected president by the electoral college on 20 January 2023; electoral college vote Christine KANGALOO (PNM) 48, Israel KHAN (UNC) 22 2018: Paula-Mae WEEKES (independent) elected president; ran unopposed and was elected without a vote; she was Trinidad and Tabago's first female head of state expected date of next election: by February 2028
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Legislative branch
- legislature name: Parliament legislative structure: bicameral note: Tobago has a unicameral House of Assembly (19 seats; 15 assemblymen directly elected by simple majority vote and 4 appointed councilors - 3 on the advice of the chief secretary and 1 on the advice of the minority leader; members serve 4-year terms)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Legislative branch - lower chamber
- chamber name: House of Representatives number of seats: 42 (all directly elected) electoral system: plurality/majority scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 5 years most recent election date: 4/28/2025 parties elected and seats per party: United National Congress (UNC) (26); People's National Movement (PNM) (13); Other (2) percentage of women in chamber: 23.8% expected date of next election: April 2030
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Legislative branch - upper chamber
- chamber name: Senate number of seats: 31 (all appointed) scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 5 years most recent election date: 5/23/2025 percentage of women in chamber: 25.8% expected date of next election: May 2030
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Judicial branch
- highest court(s): Supreme Court of the Judicature (consists of a chief justice for both the Court of Appeal with 12 judges and the High Court with 24 judges) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the parliamentary leader of the opposition; other judges appointed by the Judicial Legal Services Commission, headed by the chief justice and 5 members with judicial experience; all judges serve for life with mandatory retirement normally at age 65 subordinate courts: Courts of Summary Criminal Jurisdiction; Petty Civil Courts; Family Court note: Trinidad and Tobago can file appeals beyond its Supreme Court to the Caribbean Court of Justice, with final appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Political parties
- People's National Movement or PNM United National Congress or UNC Tobago People’s Party or Tobago
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Diplomatic representation in the US
- chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Venessa RAMHIT-RAMROOP (since 4 June 2025) chancery: 1708 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036-1975 telephone: [1] (202) 467-6490 FAX: [1] (202) 785-3130 email address and website: embdcinfo@foreign.gov.tt https://foreign.gov.tt/missions-consuls/tt-missions-abroad/diplomatic-missions/embassy-washington-dc-us/ consulate(s) general: Miami, New York
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Diplomatic representation from the US
- chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Jenifer NEIDHART de ORTIZ (since January 2025) embassy: 15 Queen's Park West, Port of Spain mailing address: 3410 Port of Spain Place, Washington DC 20521-3410 telephone: (868) 622-6371 FAX: (868) 822-5905 email address and website: ptspas@state.gov https://tt.usembassy.gov/
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- International organization participation
- ACP, ACS, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National holiday
- Independence Day, 31 August (1962)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Flag
- description: red with a white-edged black diagonal band from the upper left to the lower right meaning: the colors represent the elements of earth, water, and fire; black also stands for the wealth of the land and the dedication of the people; white for the sea, the purity of the country's aspirations, and equality; red for the sun, the vitality of the land, and the people's courage and friendliness
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National symbol(s)
- scarlet ibis (bird of Trinidad), cocrico (bird of Tobago), chaconia flower
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National coat of arms
- designed in 1962, the coat of arms shows the scarlet ibis (national bird of Trinidad) and the cocrico (national bird of Tobago); they support a shield displaying two hummingbirds, because Trinidad is home to 18 species of the bird and is called the “Land of Hummingbirds;” three gold ships on a backdrop of national colors represent Christopher Columbus, who visited the islands; the three peaks in the lower left refer to Trinidad being named after the Holy Trinity and also represent a famous mountain; the image of a gold ship's wheel in front of a coconut palm was also used on the Great Seals of British Colonial Tobago; the gold helmet represents Queen Elizabeth II of England (ruler of the country at the time), and the national motto promotes harmony in diversity
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National anthem(s)
- title: "Forged From the Love of Liberty" lyrics/music: Patrick Stanislaus CASTAGNE history: adopted 1962; song originally written as an anthem for the West Indies Federation; Trinidad and Tobago adopted it when the Federation dissolved
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Economy27 fields
- Economic overview
- high-income Caribbean economy; major hydrocarbon exporter; key tourism and finance sectors; high inflation and growing public debt; long foreign currency access delays; large foreign reserves and sovereign wealth fund
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
- $43.362 billion (2024 est.) $42.658 billion (2023 est.) $42.058 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Real GDP growth rate
- 1.7% (2024 est.) 1.4% (2023 est.) 1.1% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Real GDP per capita
- $31,700 (2024 est.) $31,200 (2023 est.) $30,800 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- GDP (official exchange rate)
- $26.429 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Inflation rate (consumer prices)
- 0.5% (2024 est.) 4.6% (2023 est.) 5.8% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- GDP - composition, by sector of origin
- agriculture: 0.8% (2023 est.) industry: 35% (2023 est.) services: 59.9% (2023 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- GDP - composition, by end use
- household consumption: 78.9% (2017 est.) government consumption: 16.4% (2017 est.) investment in fixed capital: 19.8% (2021 est.) investment in inventories: 0% (2021 est.) exports of goods and services: 45.4% (2017 est.) imports of goods and services: -48.7% (2017 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Agricultural products
- chicken, fruits, coconuts, citrus fruits, maize, oranges, plantains, eggs, taro, mangoes/guavas (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Industries
- petroleum and petroleum products, liquefied natural gas, methanol, ammonia, urea, steel products, beverages, food processing, cement, cotton textiles
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Industrial production growth rate
- -4.7% (2023 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Labor force
- 649,900 (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Unemployment rate
- 4.6% (2024 est.) 4.3% (2023 est.) 4.4% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
- total: 11.1% (2024 est.) male: 10.3% (2024 est.) female: 12% (2024 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Remittances
- 0.8% of GDP (2024 est.) 0.8% of GDP (2023 est.) 0.7% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Budget
- revenues: $5.698 billion (2019 est.) expenditures: $7.822 billion (2019 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenses converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Taxes and other revenues
- 16.7% (of GDP) (2019 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Current account balance
- $1.117 billion (2024 est.) $2.948 billion (2023 est.) $4.967 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exports
- $11.087 billion (2024 est.) $11.545 billion (2023 est.) $17.584 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exports - partners
- USA 28%, China 7%, Guyana 5%, Chile 5%, Netherlands 5% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exports - commodities
- natural gas, alcohols, ammonia, crude petroleum, iron reductions (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Imports
- $10.19 billion (2024 est.) $9.219 billion (2023 est.) $10.968 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Imports - partners
- USA 29%, Guyana 27%, China 8%, Brazil 4%, Canada 3% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Imports - commodities
- railway cargo containers, refined petroleum, cars, iron ore, excavation machinery (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
- $5.601 billion (2024 est.) $6.256 billion (2023 est.) $6.832 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exchange rates
- Trinidad and Tobago dollars (TTD) per US dollar - 6.75 (2024 est.) 6.75 (2023 est.) 6.754 (2022 est.) 6.759 (2021 est.) 6.751 (2020 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Energy6 fields
- Electricity access
- electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Electricity
- installed generating capacity: 2.139 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 9.001 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 492 million kWh (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Electricity generation sources
- fossil fuels: 99.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Coal
- consumption: 6 metric tons (2022 est.) imports: 2,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Petroleum
- total petroleum production: 72,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 26,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 242.982 million barrels (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Natural gas
- production: 25.994 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 15.316 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) exports: 10.737 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 298.063 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Communications6 fields
- Telephones - fixed lines
- total subscriptions: 311,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 21 (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Telephones - mobile cellular
- total subscriptions: 1.79 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 119 (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Broadcast media
- 6 free-to-air TV networks, 2 of which are state-owned; 24 subscription providers (cable and satellite); over 36 radio frequencies (2019)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Internet users
- percent of population: 85% (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Broadband - fixed subscriptions
- total: 404,000 (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 27 (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Transportation4 fields
- Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
- 9Y
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Merchant marine
- total: 102 (2023) by type: general cargo 1, other 101
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Ports
- total ports: 10 (2024) large: 0 medium: 1 small: 4 very small: 5 ports with oil terminals: 8 key ports: Galeota Point Terminal, Point Lisas Industrial Port, Point Lisas Port, Pointe-a-Pierre, Port of Spain
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Military and Security6 fields
- Military and security forces
- Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force (TTDF): Trinidad and Tobago Regiment (Army/Land Forces), Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard, Trinidad and Tobago Air Guard, Defense Force Reserves (2026) note: the Ministry of Homeland Security oversees both the TTDF and the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service (TTPS)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military expenditures
- 0.9% of GDP (2024 est.) 1% of GDP (2023 est.) 1% of GDP (2022 est.) 1% of GDP (2021 est.) 1% of GDP (2020 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military and security service personnel strengths
- approximately 5,000 Defense Forces (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
- the TTDF's ground force inventory consists of light weapons, while the Coast Guard and Air Guard field mostly secondhand equipment from several countries, including Australia, China, Italy, the Netherlands, and the US (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military service age and obligation
- generally 18-24 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; no conscription (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military - note
- the primary responsibilities of the Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force (TTDF) are conducting border and maritime security, assisting civil authorities in times of crisis or disaster, providing search and rescue services, securing ports, and supporting civil law enforcement, particularly in countering gang-related crime and trafficking of narcotics and other illicit goods; the Police Service maintains internal security (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Terrorism1 fields
Transnational Issues1 fields
- Refugees and internally displaced persons
- refugees: 24,134 (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
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