World · permanent entity record · UZ
Uzbekistan
Thirty-second orientation
Uzbekistan at a glance
- Capital
- Tashkent (Toshkent)
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
- Nationality / demonym
- noun: Uzbekistani; adjective: Uzbekistani
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
- Government
- presidential republic; highly authoritarian
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
- Languages
- Uzbek (official) 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · as of 2026-02-04
Independently structured milestones · not a complete national history
Uzbekistan through time
Admitted to the United Nations
Uzbekistan became a member of the United Nations.
United Nations, Member States · source checked 2026-09-04
Source history · changed fields only
Changes since the final CIA profile
| Field | Maintained Almanac value | Final CIA profile |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 37,053,428World Bank, World Development Indicators · observation year 2025 | total: 37,015,151 (2025 est.) male: 18,576,048 female: 18,439,103CIA World Factbook · as of 2026-01-19 |
A difference may reflect a newer observation, a revised estimate, or a different source definition. This table reports the values and dates; it does not manufacture a trend.
World Development Indicators · latest available observation
People, economy, and access
Observation years vary by measure. Each row identifies the series and year instead of presenting unlike dates as one current snapshot.
- Gross domestic product
- $147.0 billion
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.MKTP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Gross domestic product per person
- $3,968
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator NY.GDP.PCAP.CD. Underlying providers: National statistical authorities, central banks, OECD national accounts, and World Bank staff estimates. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Life expectancy at birth
- 72.5 years
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator SP.DYN.LE00.IN. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Urban population
- 51.0%
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS · observation year 2025 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Access to electricity
- 100.0%
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS. Underlying providers: World Bank ESMAP, Tracking SDG 7. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- People using the internet
- 89.5%
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS · observation year 2024 · dataset updated 2026-07-13World Development Indicators observation for 2024; indicator IT.NET.USER.ZS. Underlying providers: International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
World Development Indicators data are provided under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). The linked indicator metadata identifies the underlying statistical providers.
Maintained profile
- Capital
- Tashkent (Toshkent)
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · The nation set and displayed federal short name follow the current State Department independent-states register, dated August 11, 2026.
- Area
- 447,400 sq km
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · Final CIA source data preserved by a community mirror after the Factbook was retired; the mirror is not the issuing authority.
- Population
- 37,053,428
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · World Development Indicators observation for 2025; indicator SP.POP.TOTL. Underlying providers: UN Population Division, national statistical offices, and Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-09-08.
- Currency
- Uzbekistani soum (UZS)
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · Currency label extracted from the Factbook exchange-rate field.
- Languages
- Uzbek (official) 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · Factbook language listing reproduced without inferring official status beyond the source wording.
- Nationality / demonym
- noun: Uzbekistani; adjective: Uzbekistani
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json · The source’s noun and adjective forms are retained. These are language labels, not evidence of any individual person’s citizenship.
- Government
- presidential republic; highly authoritarian
- CIA World Factbook final dataset, preserved by factbook.json ·
- Continent
- Asia
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Continental label standardized from the archived profile region “Central Asia.”
- Coastline
- 0 km (doubly landlocked) note: Uzbekistan includes the southern portion of the Aral Sea with a 420 km shoreline
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Climate
- mostly mid-latitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Religions
- Muslim 88% (mostly Sunni), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Flag colors
- blue, white, green, red
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Colors extracted from the flag description in the preserved final CIA profile.
- National symbol
- khumo (mythical bird)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Highest point
- Xazrat Sulton Tog' · 15,233 ft (4,643 m)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- Lowest point
- Sariqamish Kuli · -39 ft (-12 m)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · Preserved final CIA profile; this field is a historical baseline, not a claim of current conditions.
- NATO membership
- Not a member
- NATO, What is NATO? · Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.
- BRICS membership
- Not a member
- BRICS Brazil, About the BRICS · Membership status is reported from the organization's current member list as of the stated date.
Preserved public-domain record · not maintained current data
Final CIA World Factbook profile
This is the preserved historical baseline from the Factbook’s final public snapshot. It is presented as the CIA stated it, not as a current Standard American Almanac finding. Current, independently maintained facts appear above when available.
CIA World Factbook historical record · final public snapshot · profile updated · pinned source record · commit d81154954b8b
Introduction1 fields
- Background
- Uzbekistan is the geographic and population center of Central Asia, with a diverse economy and a relatively young population. Russia conquered and united the disparate territories of present-day Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Stiff resistance to the Red Army after the Bolshevik Revolution was eventually suppressed and a socialist republic established in 1924. During the Soviet era, intensive production of "white gold" (cotton) and grain led to the overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies, leaving the land degraded and the Aral Sea and certain rivers half-dry. Independent since the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) dissolved in 1991, the country has diversified agricultural production while developing its mineral and petroleum export capacity and increasing its manufacturing base, although cotton remains a major part of its economy. Uzbekistan’s first president, Islom KARIMOV, led Uzbekistan for 25 years until his death in 2016. His successor, former Prime Minister Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV, has improved relations with Uzbekistan’s neighbors and introduced wide-ranging economic, judicial, and social reforms. MIRZIYOYEV was reelected in 2021 with 80% of the vote and again following a 2023 constitutional referendum with 87% of the vote.
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Geography20 fields
- Location
- Central Asia, north of Turkmenistan, south of Kazakhstan
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Area
- total : 447,400 sq km land: 425,400 sq km water: 22,000 sq km
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Area - comparative
- about four times the size of Virginia; slightly larger than California
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Land boundaries
- total: 6,893 km border countries (5): Afghanistan 144 km; Kazakhstan 2,330 km; Kyrgyzstan 1,314 km; Tajikistan 1,312 km; Turkmenistan 1,793 km
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Coastline
- 0 km (doubly landlocked) note: Uzbekistan includes the southern portion of the Aral Sea with a 420 km shoreline
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Climate
- mostly mid-latitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Terrain
- mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya, Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zaravshan; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Elevation
- highest point: Xazrat Sulton Tog' 4,643 m lowest point: Sariqamish Kuli -12 m
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Natural resources
- natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Land use
- agricultural land: 58.1% (2023 est.) arable land: 9.1% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 1% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 47.9% (2023 est.) forest: 8.7% (2023 est.) other: 31.8% (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Major lakes (area sq km)
- fresh water lake(s): Aral Sea (shared with Kazakhstan) - largely dried up
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Major rivers (by length in km)
- Syr Darya (shared with Kyrgyzstan [s], Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan [m]) - 3,078 km; Amu Darya river mouth (shared with Tajikistan [s], Afghanistan, and Turkmenistan) - 2,620 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Major watersheds (area sq km)
- Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: (Aral Sea basin) Amu Darya (534,739 sq km), Syr Darya (782,617 sq km)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Population distribution
- most of the population is concentrated in the fertile Fergana Valley in the easternmost arm of the country; the south has significant clusters of people, but the central and western deserts are sparsely populated
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Natural hazards
- earthquakes; floods; landslides or mudslides; avalanches; droughts
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Geography - note
- along with Liechtenstein, one of the only two doubly landlocked countries in the world
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
People and Society36 fields
- Population
- total: 37,015,151 (2025 est.) male: 18,576,048 female: 18,439,103
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Nationality
- noun: Uzbekistani adjective: Uzbekistani
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Ethnic groups
- Uzbek 83.8%, Tajik 4.8%, Kazakh 2.5%, Russian 2.3%, Karakalpak 2.2%, Tatar 1.5%, other 2.9% (2017 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Languages
- Uzbek (official) 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1% major-language sample(s): Jahon faktlari kitobi, asosiy ma'lumotlar uchun zaruriy manba. (Uzbek) The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. note: in the semi-autonomous Republic of Karakalpakstan, both the Karakalpak language and Uzbek have official status
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Religions
- Muslim 88% (mostly Sunni), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Age structure
- 0-14 years: 29.6% (male 5,597,947/female 5,213,403) 15-64 years: 63.7% (male 11,649,017/female 11,617,411) 65 years and over: 6.7% (2024 est.) (male 1,077,849/female 1,364,966)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Dependency ratios
- total dependency ratio: 57.3 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 46.3 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 11.1 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 9 (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Median age
- total: 29.2 years (2025 est.) male: 28.1 years female: 29.8 years
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Birth rate
- 18.93 births/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Death rate
- 5 deaths/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Net migration rate
- -1.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Population distribution
- most of the population is concentrated in the fertile Fergana Valley in the easternmost arm of the country; the south has significant clusters of people, but the central and western deserts are sparsely populated
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Urbanization
- urban population: 50.5% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 1.25% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Major urban areas - population
- 2.603 million TASHKENT (capital) (2023)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Sex ratio
- at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Mother's mean age at first birth
- 23.7 years (2019 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Maternal mortality ratio
- 26 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Infant mortality rate
- total: 17.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 21.1 deaths/1,000 live births female: 15.1 deaths/1,000 live births
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Life expectancy at birth
- total population: 76.2 years (2024 est.) male: 73.6 years female: 79 years
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Total fertility rate
- 2.6 children born/woman (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Drinking water source
- urban: 98% of population (2022 est.) rural: 95.2% of population (2022 est.) total: 96.6% of population (2022 est.) urban: 2% of population (2022 est.) rural: 4.8% of population (2022 est.) total: 3.4% of population (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Health expenditure
- 7.7% of GDP (2021) 7.1% of national budget (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Physician density
- 2.81 physicians/1,000 population (2021)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Hospital bed density
- 4.9 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Sanitation facility access
- urban: 98.1% of population (2022 est.) rural: 98.7% of population (2022 est.) total: 98.4% of population (2022 est.) urban: 1.9% of population (2022 est.) rural: 1.3% of population (2022 est.) total: 1.6% of population (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Alcohol consumption per capita
- total: 2.45 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) beer: 0.18 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) wine: 0.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) spirits: 2.19 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.) other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Tobacco use
- total: 15.4% (2025 est.) male: 30.2% (2025 est.) female: 1% (2025 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Children under the age of 5 years underweight
- 1.8% (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Currently married women (ages 15-49)
- 74.7% (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Child marriage
- women married by age 15: 0.2% (2022) women married by age 18: 3.4% (2022)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Education expenditure
- 5.5% of GDP (2023 est.) 22.1% national budget (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Literacy
- total population: 100% (2022 est.) male: 100% (2022 est.) female: 100% (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
- total: 13 years (2024 est.) male: 13 years (2024 est.) female: 13 years (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Environment11 fields
- Environmental issues
- growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts in the shrinking Aral Sea; desertification; water pollution and soil salination from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides; soil contamination from buried nuclear processing and agricultural chemicals
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- International environmental agreements
- party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Climate
- mostly mid-latitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Land use
- agricultural land: 58.1% (2023 est.) arable land: 9.1% (2023 est.) permanent crops: 1% (2023 est.) permanent pasture: 47.9% (2023 est.) forest: 8.7% (2023 est.) other: 31.8% (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Urbanization
- urban population: 50.5% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 1.25% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Carbon dioxide emissions
- 110.992 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from coal and metallurgical coke: 12.845 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from petroleum and other liquids: 13.437 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.) from consumed natural gas: 84.71 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Particulate matter emissions
- 46.6 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Methane emissions
- energy: 848.1 kt (2022-2024 est.) agriculture: 868.1 kt (2019-2021 est.) waste: 261.3 kt (2019-2021 est.) other: 4.5 kt (2019-2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Waste and recycling
- municipal solid waste generated annually: 4 million tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 31.6% (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Total water withdrawal
- municipal: 2.3 billion cubic meters (2022) industrial: 1.2 billion cubic meters (2022) agricultural: 41 billion cubic meters (2022)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Total renewable water resources
- 48.87 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Government25 fields
- Country name
- conventional long form: Republic of Uzbekistan conventional short form: Uzbekistan local long form: O'zbekiston Respublikasi local short form: O'zbekiston former: Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic etymology: the name comes from the local people, the Uzbeks, whose name is said to have originated with Mongol leader Ghiyath ad-Din Muhammad UZBEK; the Persian suffix -stan means "country"
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Government type
- presidential republic; highly authoritarian
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Capital
- name: Tashkent (Toshkent) geographic coordinates: 41 19 N, 69 15 E time difference: UTC+5 (10 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) etymology: the current name of the ancient city was first used in the 11th century and comes from the Sogdian (Turkic) words tash (stone) and kent (town); the city was first recorded in the 5th or 4th century B.C. with the name of Chach or Shash
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Administrative divisions
- 12 provinces (viloyatlar, singular - viloyat), 1 autonomous republic* (avtonom respublikasi), and 3 cities** (shahar); Andijon Viloyati, Buxoro Viloyati [Bukhara Province], Farg'ona Viloyati [Fergana Province], Jizzax Viloyati, Namangan Shahri, Namangan Viloyati, Navoiy Viloyati, Qashqadaryo Viloyati (Qarshi), Qoraqalpog'iston Respublikasi [Karakalpakstan Republic]* (Nukus), Samarqand Shahri [Samarkand City], Samarqand Viloyati [Samarkand Province], Sirdaryo Viloyati (Guliston), Surxondaryo Viloyati (Termiz), Toshkent Shahri [Tashkent City]**, Toshkent Viloyati [Nurafshon], Xorazm Viloyati (Urganch) note: administrative divisions show the same names as their administrative centers; exceptions show the administrative center name in parentheses
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Legal system
- civil law system note: in 2020, the criminal code, criminal procedure code, and code of administrative responsibility were reformed; a constitutional referendum in 2023 included additional criminal code reforms
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Constitution
- history: several previous; latest adopted 8 December 1992 amendment process: proposed by the Supreme Assembly or by referendum; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of both houses of the Assembly or passage in a referendum
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- International law organization participation
- has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Citizenship
- citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Uzbekistan dual citizenship recognized: no residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Executive branch
- chief of state: President Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (since 14 December 2016) head of government: Prime Minister Abdulla ARIPOV (since 14 December 2016) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president with most requiring approval of the Senate chamber of the Supreme Assembly (Oliy Majlis) election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister nominated by majority party in the Supreme Assembly but appointed along with the ministers and deputy ministers by the president most recent election date: 9 July 2023 election results: 2023: Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV reelected president in snap election; percent of vote - Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (LDPU) 87.7%, Robaxon Maxmudova (Adolat) 4.5%, Ulugbek Inoyatov (PDP) 4%, Abdushukur Xamzayev (Ecological Party) 3.8% 2021: Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (LDPU) 80.3%, Maqsuda VORISOVA (PDP) 6.7%, Alisher QODIROV (National Revival Democratic Party) 5.5%, Narzullo OBLOMURODOV (Ecological Party) 4.1%, Bahrom ABDUHALIMOV (Adolat) 3.4% expected date of next election: 2030
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Legislative branch
- legislature name: Supreme Assembly (Oliy Majlis) legislative structure: bicameral
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Legislative branch - lower chamber
- chamber name: Legislative Chamber (Qonunchilik palatasi) number of seats: 150 (all directly elected) electoral system: mixed system scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 5 years most recent election date: 11/7/2024 to 11/12/2024 parties elected and seats per party: Movement of Entrepreneurs and Businesspeople - Liberal Democratic Party (UzLiDeP) (64); Milliy Tiklanish Democratic Party (O'zMTDP) (29); Social Democratic Party ("Adolat" SDP) (21); People's Democratic Party (XDP) (20); Ecological Party (O'EP) (16) percentage of women in chamber: 38% expected date of next election: October 2029
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Legislative branch - upper chamber
- chamber name: Senate (Senat) number of seats: 65 (56 indirectly elected; 9 appointed) scope of elections: full renewal term in office: 5 years most recent election date: 10/27/2024 percentage of women in chamber: 24.6% expected date of next election: November 2029
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Judicial branch
- highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 67 judges organized into administrative, civil, criminal, and economic sections); Constitutional Court (consists of 7 judges) judge selection and term of office: judges of the highest courts nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate of the Oliy Majlis; judges appointed for a single 10-year term; the court chairman and deputies appointed for 10-year terms without the right to reelection. (Article 132 of the constitution) subordinate courts: regional, district, city, and town courts
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Political parties
- Ecological Party of Uzbekistan or EPU Justice Social Democratic Party or ASDP People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan or PDP Uzbekistan Liberal Democratic Party or UzLiDep Uzbekistan National Revival Democratic Party or UzMTDP
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Diplomatic representation in the US
- chief of mission: Ambassador Furqat SIDIKOV (since 19 April 2023) chancery: 1746 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 887-5300 FAX: [1] (202) 293-6804 email address and website: info.washington@mfa.uz https://www.uzbekistan.org/ consulate(s) general: New York
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Diplomatic representation from the US
- chief of mission: Ambassador Jonathan HENICK (since 14 October 2022) embassy: 3 Moyqorghon, 5th Block, Yunusobod District, 100093 Tashkent mailing address: 7110 Tashkent Place, Washington DC 20521-7110 telephone: [998] 78-120-5450 FAX: [998] 78-120-6335 email address and website: ACSTashkent@state.gov https://uz.usembassy.gov/
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- International organization participation
- ADB, CICA, CIS, EAEU (observer), EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EEU (observer), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Independence
- 1 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National holiday
- Independence Day, 1 September (1991)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Flag
- description: three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and green separated by narrow red stripes with a vertical white crescent moon and 12 five-pointed white stars in the left corner of the top band meaning: blue stands for the Turkic peoples and the sky, white for peace and the striving for purity in thoughts and deeds, and green for nature and Islam; the red stripes represent the vital force of all living organisms; the crescent stands for Islam, and the 12 stars for the months and constellations of the Uzbek calendar
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National anthem(s)
- title: "O'zbekiston Respublikasining Davlat Madhiyasi" (National Anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan) lyrics/music: Abdulla ARIPOV/Mutal BURHANOV history: adopted 1992; after the fall of the Soviet Union, Uzbekistan kept the music of its Soviet-era anthem but adopted new lyrics
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- National heritage
- total World Heritage Sites: 7 (5 cultural, 2 natural) selected World Heritage Site locales: Itchan Kala (c); Historic Bukhara (c); Historic Shakhrisyabz (c); Samarkand - Crossroad of Cultures (c); Western Tien Shan (n); Cold Winter Deserts of Turan (n); Silk Roads: Zarafshan-Karakum Corridor (c)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Economy32 fields
- Economic overview
- lower-middle income Central Asian economy; key exporter of natural gas, cotton, and gold; ongoing reform efforts to reduce state-owned sector dominance, attract foreign investment, and improve sustainability of cotton production
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
- $379.989 billion (2024 est.) $356.797 billion (2023 est.) $335.678 billion (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Real GDP growth rate
- 6.5% (2024 est.) 6.3% (2023 est.) 6% (2022 est.) note: annual GDP % growth based on constant local currency
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Real GDP per capita
- $10,500 (2024 est.) $10,000 (2023 est.) $9,600 (2022 est.) note: data in 2021 dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- GDP (official exchange rate)
- $114.965 billion (2024 est.) note: data in current dollars at official exchange rate
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Inflation rate (consumer prices)
- 9.6% (2024 est.) 10% (2023 est.) 11.4% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- GDP - composition, by sector of origin
- agriculture: 18.3% (2024 est.) industry: 31.8% (2024 est.) services: 45.2% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- GDP - composition, by end use
- household consumption: 68% (2024 est.) government consumption: 13.9% (2024 est.) investment in fixed capital: 37.1% (2024 est.) investment in inventories: -3.8% (2024 est.) exports of goods and services: 22.8% (2024 est.) imports of goods and services: -38% (2024 est.) note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Agricultural products
- milk, wheat, cotton, potatoes, carrots/turnips, tomatoes, grapes, watermelons, vegetables, apples (2023) note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Industries
- textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, mining, hydrocarbon extraction, chemicals
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Industrial production growth rate
- 7.2% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Labor force
- 13.974 million (2024 est.) note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Unemployment rate
- 4.5% (2024 est.) 4.5% (2023 est.) 4.5% (2022 est.) note: % of labor force seeking employment
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
- total: 10.9% (2024 est.) male: 7.2% (2024 est.) female: 18.1% (2024 est.) note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Population below poverty line
- 11% (2023 est.) note: % of population with income below national poverty line
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
- 34.5 (2023 est.) note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Average household expenditures
- on food: 46.3% of household expenditures (2023 est.) on alcohol and tobacco: 3.2% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Household income or consumption by percentage share
- lowest 10%: 2.1% (2023 est.) highest 10%: 25.3% (2023 est.) note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Remittances
- 14.4% of GDP (2024 est.) 13.8% of GDP (2023 est.) 17.2% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Budget
- revenues: $21.565 billion (2023 est.) expenditures: $25.953 billion (2023 est.) note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Taxes and other revenues
- 11.5% (of GDP) (2023 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Current account balance
- -$5.738 billion (2024 est.) -$7.799 billion (2023 est.) -$2.847 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exports
- $26.173 billion (2024 est.) $25.05 billion (2023 est.) $20.966 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exports - partners
- Switzerland 34%, Russia 12%, UK 11%, China 7%, Turkey 6% (2023) note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exports - commodities
- gold, cotton yarn, garments, fertilizers, fabric (2023) note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Imports
- $43.624 billion (2024 est.) $42.646 billion (2023 est.) $35.643 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Imports - partners
- China 32%, Russia 17%, Kazakhstan 8%, S. Korea 6%, Turkey 5% (2023) note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Imports - commodities
- cars, vehicle parts/accessories, packaged medicine, refined petroleum, aircraft (2023) note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
- $41.237 billion (2024 est.) $34.558 billion (2023 est.) $35.774 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Debt - external
- $25.714 billion (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Exchange rates
- Uzbekistani soum (UZS) per US dollar - 12,652.287 (2024 est.) 11,734.833 (2023 est.) 11,050.145 (2022 est.) 10,609.464 (2021 est.) 10,054.261 (2020 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Energy7 fields
- Electricity access
- electrification - total population: 100% (2022 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Electricity
- installed generating capacity: 17.901 million kW (2023 est.) consumption: 75.753 billion kWh (2023 est.) exports: 2.043 billion kWh (2023 est.) imports: 4.977 billion kWh (2023 est.) transmission/distribution losses: 3.433 billion kWh (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Electricity generation sources
- fossil fuels: 90.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) solar: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) hydroelectricity: 8.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Coal
- production: 6.379 million metric tons (2023 est.) consumption: 8.941 million metric tons (2023 est.) exports: 4,000 metric tons (2023 est.) imports: 3.521 million metric tons (2023 est.) proven reserves: 1.375 billion metric tons (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Petroleum
- total petroleum production: 64,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) refined petroleum consumption: 111,000 bbl/day (2023 est.) crude oil estimated reserves: 594 million barrels (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Natural gas
- production: 43.249 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) consumption: 44.455 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) exports: 1.308 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) imports: 2.514 billion cubic meters (2023 est.) proven reserves: 1.841 trillion cubic meters (2021 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Energy consumption per capita
- 55.305 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Communications6 fields
- Telephones - fixed lines
- total subscriptions: 6.147 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 17 (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Telephones - mobile cellular
- total subscriptions: 40.2 million (2024 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1,110 (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Broadcast media
- state-controlled media; 17 state-owned broadcasters, including 13 TV and 4 radio, with national service; about 20 privately owned TV stations, overseen by local officials, broadcast locally; privately owned TV stations required to lease transmitters from state-owned Republic TV and Radio Industry Corporation (2019)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Internet users
- percent of population: 89% (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Broadband - fixed subscriptions
- total: 10.8 million (2023 est.) subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2023 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Transportation4 fields
Military and Security6 fields
- Military and security forces
- Armed Forces of Uzbekistan: Army, Air and Air Defense Forces; National Guard Ministry of Internal Affairs: Internal Security Troops, Border Guards, police (2024) note 1: the National Guard is under the Defense Ministry, but is independent of the other military services; it is responsible for ensuring public order and the security of diplomatic missions, radio and television broadcasting, and other state entities note 2: the State Security Service, whose chairperson reports directly to the president, is responsible for national security and intelligence matters, including terrorism, corruption, organized crime, border control, and narcotics
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military expenditures
- 2.8% of GDP (2019 est.) 2.9% of GDP (2018 est.) 2.7% of GDP (2017 est.) 2.5% of GDP (2016 est.) 2.5% of GDP (2015 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military and security service personnel strengths
- limited available information; estimated 50,000 active Armed Forces (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
- the Uzbek Armed Forces use mainly Russian or Soviet-era armaments with smaller quantities of items from suppliers such as China, Türkiye, and the US; Uzbekistan has a small defense industry, which is involved in repairing and maintaining aircraft and armored vehicles, as well as producing light armored vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles/drones, and other military items (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military service age and obligation
- 18-30 for voluntary/contract service for men and women; 18-27 years of age for compulsory military service for men with a 12-month service obligation (2025) note: those conscripted have the option of paying for a shorter service of one month while remaining in the reserves until the age of 27; Uzbek citizens who have completed their service terms in the armed forces have privileges in employment and admission to higher educational institutions
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Military - note
- the military’s responsibilities include ensuring the country’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, securing its borders, and assisting with internal security; regional security and international terrorism are areas of concern; Uzbekistan joined the Russian-sponsored Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) in the 1990s but withdrew in 1999; it returned in 2006 but left again in 2012; although not part of CSTO, Uzbekistan continues to maintain defense ties with Russia, including joint military exercises and defense industrial cooperation; it also has defense ties with other regional countries, including Azerbaijan, China, India, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, and Turkey; it is part of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and participates in SCO training exercises (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Space3 fields
- Space agency/agencies
- Space Research and Technology Agency (UzCosmos or UzSpace; established 2019) (2025) note: Uzcosmos operates under the Ministry of Digital Technologies
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Space program overview
- has a small but growing space effort focused on acquiring satellites and developing the country’s space industries and technologies in key sectors, including cartography, data processing, environmental and disaster monitoring, land use, resource management, and telecommunications; recognized for its astronomy program; member of international space organizations; cooperates with foreign space agencies or commercial companies from a variety of countries, including those of Canada, China, France, India, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Russia, South Korea, Spain, Turkey, and the UAE (2025)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
- Key space-program milestones
- 2018 - signed space cooperation agreements with France and India 2022 - signed space cooperation agreement with Kazakhstan 2025 - Uzbek engineers began two-year satellite development training program in Japan with goal of building country's first satellite; signed space cooperation agreement with South Korea; announced development of 10-year national space program
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Terrorism1 fields
- Terrorist group(s)
- Islamic Jihad Union (IJU); Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU); Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham - Khorasan (ISIS-K) note 1: these groups have typically been active in the area where the Uzbek, Kyrgyz, and Tajik borders converge and ill-defined and porous borders allow for the relatively free movement of people and illicit goods note 2: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
Transnational Issues1 fields
- Refugees and internally displaced persons
- refugees: 8,505 (2024 est.) stateless persons: 20,000 (2024 est.)
- CIA World Factbook historical record · as of · source
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